2.Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Relation to the Histologic Invasiveness and Cellular Differentiation.
Seong Doo HONG ; San Pyo HONG ; Yong Sik KIM ; Jae Il LEE ; Chang Yun LIM
Korean Journal of Pathology 1999;33(4):243-250
A poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is partly due to the invasiveness and metastasis of the tumor. A key element in tumor invasion and metastasis in the degradation of extracellular matrix is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of oral SCCs with regard to the histologic invasiveness and differentiation in 5 normal oral mucosa and 36 oral SCCs. The histologic invasiveness of oral SCCs were classified into 4 grades. The differentiation of oral SCCs was divided into 3 grades. The streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, using MMP-2 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies, was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 6 of 17 oral SCCs with weak invasiveness and was positive in 7 of 19 oral SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-2 expression did not increase significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was strongly positive in 6 out of 17 SCCs with weak invasiveness and was strongly positive in 14 of 19 SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-9 expression increased significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs; the stronger the expression, the stronger the invasiveness (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was in 57.9% of well differentiated SCCs, 57.1% of moderately differentiated ones, and 33.3% of poorly differentiated SCCs. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not increase significantly with respect to the histologic differentiation. We conclude that with respect to the invasiveness, the MMP-9 expression increases significantly in oral SCCs but the MMP-2 expression does not; and that with respect to the histologic differentiation, their expressions do not increase significantly. These results suggeste that MMP-9 can be used as a tool to evaluate the invasiveness of oral SCCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
;
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*
;
Extracellular Matrix
;
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2*
;
Matrix Metalloproteinases
;
Mouth Mucosa
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Prognosis
3.Cross-Cultural Adaptation Of Modified Dental Pain Screening Questionnaire (M-Depaq) In A Primary Dental Care Clinic In Kuala Lumpur
Amy Kia Cheen Liew ; Dalia Abdullah ; Seong Jin Shiu ; Chiang San Chan ; Allan Pau
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2017;17(1):38-45
A validated screening tool for patient triage based on the pain symptoms, could potentially optimize the
resources and expertise available in dental pain management. The aim of this study was to translate and
validate the Modified Dental Pain Questionnaire (M-DePaQ) for use in categorizing patients with pain into
three groups of common dental conditions. Forward Malay and Chinese translation was performed, followed
by backward English translation. The translation was reviewed by an expert panel and pre-tested on patients
who are native speakers. Consecutive patients aged 18 years and older experiencing pain and attending the
primary dental care clinic completed the questionnaires. Four calibrated dentists made clinical diagnoses
independent of the questionnaire responses. For data analysis, the cases were split randomly into Random
Sample 1 (RS1) and Random Sample 2 (RS2). Discriminant analysis was performed on RS1 to develop a model
for classifying dental pain cases into three groups. The model was applied to cases in RS2, and a crossvalidated
accuracy rate was obtained. Criterion validity was assessed using measures such as sensitivity,
specificity, positive predictive value, and kappa. Of the 234 questionnaires distributed, 216 (92.3%) were
returned. Classification rates were recorded at 73.8% for RS1, 75.0% for RS2, and 71.1% for all cases. The
sensitivity values were 0.72, 0.39, and 0.43 for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The corresponding
specificity values were 0.42, 0.87, and 0.94. The discriminant validity of the adapted questionnaire was
satisfactory, but the criterion validity could not be established because of biases incorporated in the study.
4.Lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum: Clinical and radiological implications
Min-Keun Park ; Sung-Hee Hwang ; San Jung ; Seong-Sook Hong ; Seok-Beom Kwon
Neurology Asia 2014;19(1):79-88
Background: Brain MRI may unexpectedly display abnormalities in splenium of the corpus callosum
(SCC). However, the clinical implications of this lesion are unclear and are not always consistent
with ischemic infarctions. We performed this study to clarify the clinical and radiological implications
in patients with SCC lesions. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with MRIreported
SCC changes between 2009 and 2012. We analyzed clinical and radiological findings,
etiologies, cognitive impairment, and clinical outcomes. Results: We found 30 patients (16 females;
mean 50.5 years) who had SCC lesions on MRI. Confusion was the most common clinical finding
in 50% of cases. Cerebral infarction was the most common etiology (50%). The most consistent
SCC changes on MRI were low signal in T1WI, high signal on T2WI and FLAIR, and high signal
on DWI. We classified SCC lesions into in situ SCC lesions (SCC only) and multiple (SCC plus)
lesions for patients with multiple lesions. The clinical symptoms of SCC only lesions were relatively
mild. Cognitive functions were evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clinical
dementia rating (CDR) scale at the time of discharge and patients with SCC only lesions showed less
impaired cognition compared with those with SCC plus lesions. Clinical outcomes were evaluated
by the modified Rankin scale at 1 month and patients with SCC only lesions revealed good clinical
outcomes compared with those with SCC plus lesions.
Conclusions: MRI-reported SCC lesions may have heterogeneous etiologies and present with various
symptoms. The clinical course and outcome are relatively good, particularly in small isolated and
oval shaped SCC lesions.
5.Lesional location of intractable hiccups in acute pure lateral medullary infarction
Chan-O Moon ; Sung-Hee Hwang ; Seong Sook Hong ; San Jung ; Seok-Beom Kwon
Neurology Asia 2014;19(4):343-349
Background & Objective: Hiccups is a disabling condition of lateral medullary infarction (LMI).
Unlike other symptoms of LMI, the anatomical lesions of hiccups are not well known. Few studies
have evaluated the relationship between the lesional location of LMI and hiccups. We performed this
study to correlate hiccups and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based lesional location in pure
LMI. Methods: Between January 1997 and February 2013, we identified 24 patients with pure LMI
who presented with hiccups in addition to typical lateral medullary syndrome. Sixty six pure LMI
patients without hiccups were included as a control group. Clinical and radiologic findings were
compared between the two groups. MRI-identified lesions were classified rostrocaudally as rostral,
middle and caudal, and horizontally as typical, ventral, large, lateral and dorsal. Results: The pure
LMI patients with hiccups had significantly more frequent aspiration pneumonia (P = 0.001) and
longer hospital stay (P = 0.03). The patients with hiccups significantly more often had dorsal rather
than ventral lesion at horizontal levels (P = 0.012). But, there were no rostro-caudal differences at
vertical levels (P = 0.162).
Conclusions: We suggest that pure LMI associated with hiccups often locates in the dorsal medulla
at horizontal correlation. This MRI-based comparative study has advanced the understanding of the
neural substrate for hiccups in LMI, and indicates that hiccups become predictable when specific
lesional locations in the lateral medulla are considered.
6.Effect of 5-HT2c Receptor Modulation on the m-Chlorophenlpiperazine-Induced Hypoactivity.
Woo Seong JANG ; Won Tan BYUN ; Young In CHUNG ; Won Suk LEE
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 1997;8(1):107-112
It was aimed to investigate the effect of 5-HT2C receptor modulation on the rat behavioral responses induced by 1-(m-chlorophenyl) piperazine(mCPP), a major metabolite of trazodone. The animal activities(ambulation, stereotypy and total activity) were measured for 3 hours following mCPP administration, using an animal activity meter which accumulates the frequency of light beam interruption. mCPP(1-10 mg / kg, i.p.) induced dose-dependent decreases in ambulation and stereotypy, consequently leading to hypoactivity. The hypoactivity induced by mCPP(1mg / kg, i.p.) was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with mianserin(1mg / kg, i.p.), an antagonist with high affinity for 5-HT2C receptor, whereas pretreatment with 5-HT2 antagonists, ketanserin and ritanserin(1mg / kg, i.p., respectively) was without effect. Furthermore, long-term pretreatment with imipramine(10mg / kg, i.p., b.i.d. for 2 weeks) markedly attenuated the mCPP-induced hypoactivity. Mianserin and imipramine in the absence of mCPP did not increase the animal activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the mCPP-induced hypoactivity is mediated by 5-HT2C receptor, and that selective 5-HT2C antagonists and down regulation of 5-HT2C receptor might be useful for inhibiting the mCPP-induced hypoactivity.
Animals
;
Down-Regulation
;
Imipramine
;
Ketanserin
;
Mianserin
;
Rats
;
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C*
;
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists
;
Trazodone
;
Walking
7.A Clinical Study on Hypertensive Encephalopathy.
Moon Chul LEE ; Kyu Man JANG ; In Jong JOO ; Hong Soon LEE ; Hak San KIM ; Seong Soo MOON ; Hak Choong LEE
Korean Circulation Journal 1987;17(3):451-457
Hypertensive encephalopathy is an acute clinical syndrome that shows central nerve dysfunction with sudden and marked elevation in blood pressure. But its pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical courses and prognosis are still not clear. In order to study clinical manifestations and response to treatment in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy, we reviewed 45 patients with hypertensive encephalopathy who were admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, from January 1975 to December 1984. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. The peak age of incidence was in the 6th and 7th decade with mean age of 57.5 years. 2) Among 45 patients, only 29 had known history of hypertension and the average duration of hypertension was 8.1+/-3.6 years. 3) The most common sympotm was severe headache (68.9%). And altered consciousness, nausea and/or vomiting, focal neurologic signs and visual disturbance were also common symptoms in decreasing order of frequency. 4) Funduscopic examination showed hypertensive retinopathy in 20 of 24 (91.7%) patients and lumbar puncture revealed increased CSF pressure in 12 of 20 (60%) patients. 5) In most patients, the mean interval to symptomatic improvement was 2.1 days after administration of anti hypertensive agents, but in 6 patients with initial mean arterial blood pressure above 170mmHg, 4 patients showed delayed response and 2 patients were expired.
Antihypertensive Agents
;
Arterial Pressure
;
Blood Pressure
;
Consciousness
;
Female
;
Headache
;
Humans
;
Hypertension
;
Hypertensive Encephalopathy*
;
Hypertensive Retinopathy
;
Incidence
;
Internal Medicine
;
Male
;
Nausea
;
Neurologic Manifestations
;
Prognosis
;
Spinal Puncture
;
Vomiting
8.Clinical Study on Henoch-Schoenlein Purpura.
Seong HO ; Jong San KIM ; Esook OH ; Keun Chan SOHN
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society 1978;21(2):121-129
A clinical study on the 41 cases of Henock-Schoenlein purpura in infancy and childhood was made. The results are as followings. 1) The cases were seen mostly in the age group of 4 to 10 yr (63.5%), with the peak incidence in 6~10 yr age group(44%). 2) Males were more affected than females with the Male to Female ratio of 2:1. 3) The peak seasonal incidence was seen in spring with 15 cases (37%) and Winter was in the second place with 12 cases (29%). 4) The previous history of the upper respiratory tract infection was present in 17 cases (41%). 5) The main clinical manifestations were skin rash (100.0%), abdominal pain (73%), nephritis (46%) and joint pain (39%) in order. 6) The most common type of skin rash in Henock-Schoenlein purpura and urticarial wheal with erythematous rash (73%) on the lower extremities. 7) In gastointestinal manifestation of Henock-Schoenlein purpura, abdominal pain was noted in all cases (100%) and next is was vomitting (37%). 8) Joints most often involved were the knee (94%) and ankle (44%) joints and the wrists (31%) and elbow (13%) joints subsequently. 9) The renal manifestation of Henock-Schoenlein purpura was the most serious sign. Proteinuria and micro and gross hematuria were seen in all cases (100%) with renal mvoluement. 10) The Anti-streptolysin O titer was increased in 8 cases (28.5%).
Abdominal Pain
;
Ankle
;
Arthralgia
;
Elbow
;
Exanthema
;
Female
;
Hematuria
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Joints
;
Knee
;
Lower Extremity
;
Male
;
Nephritis
;
Proteinuria
;
Purpura
;
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*
;
Respiratory Tract Infections
;
Seasons
;
Wrist
9.The Effect of Topical Cyclosporine 0.05% on Tear Osmolarity for Dry Eye Syndrome.
Hyunseung KANG ; San SEONG ; Chul Myong CHOE ; Se Kyung KIM ; Tae Hoon CHOI
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2015;56(2):174-179
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% (Restasis; Allergan, Irving, CA, USA) on tear osmolarity in patients with dry eye disease. METHODS: The present study was a single-center, randomized, prospective, and longitudinal trial. Patients who had been using artificial tears to treat dry eye disease were prescribed cyclosporine 0.05% and evaluated using tear osmolarity, tear break-up time, ocular surface staining score, Schirmer test, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index for symptomatic improvement. Clinical measurements of commonly used objective tests were performed at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: At the end of the study, patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in tear break-up time (6.26 +/- 1.26 sec at 3 months vs. 4.41 +/- 1.63 sec at baseline, p = 0.022) and OSDI (34.98 +/- 20.19 at 3 months vs. 45.02 +/- 22.38 at baseline, p = 0.032) only at 3 months. Other measures such as Schirmer test, ocular surface grade, and tear osmolarity also showed improvement. However, the differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Over a 6-month period, topical cyclosporine 0.05% showed beneficial effects on symptoms and other commonly used signs of dry eye disease for 3 months; however, the tear osmolarity values were not significantly improved.
Cyclosporine*
;
Dry Eye Syndromes*
;
Eye Diseases
;
Humans
;
Ophthalmic Solutions
;
Osmolar Concentration*
;
Prospective Studies
;
Tears*
10.Clinical Outcomes of Foldable Iris-Fixed Phakic Intraocular Lens and Change in Corneal Endothelial Cell Density.
San SEONG ; Chul Myung CHOI ; Tae Hoon CHOI ; Se Kyung KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2015;56(7):1020-1027
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, stability and complications of the foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (Artiflex(R), Ophtec BV, Groningen, Netherlands) implantation for the correction of myopia with astigmatism. METHODS: The present study included 40 eyes of 20 patients who underwent Artiflex lens implantation, and 20 eyes of 10 patients who underwent Toric Artiflex lens implantation and were followed up for 1 year. We retrospectively examined visual acuity, refraction, any changes in astigmatism, efficacy, safety and corneal endothelial cell density. A correlation coefficient analysis of the factors that affected the changes was performed. RESULTS: The mean preoperative refractive spherical equivalent was -9.18 +/- 2.27 D and reached -0.45 +/- 0.45 D at 1 year after surgery. Postoperatively, 99.9% of the eyes showed improved visual acuity of more than 0.8. In patients with Toric Artiflex lens implantation, the preoperative mean astigmatism was -2.67 +/- 0.87 D, and at 1 year postoperatively -0.76 +/- 0.40 D, showing a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). The preoperative mean endothelial cell density was 2,850 +/- 230 cells/mm2 and decreased 1.3% on the final follow-up (2,812 +/- 261 cells/mm2) but without statistical significance (p = 0.456). Statistically significant correlation was not observed between endothelial cell loss and anterior chamber depth (r2 = -0.146, p = 0.267). CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the iris-fixed intraocular lenses, Artiflex and Toric Artiflex, was safe and effective for correcting high myopia and astigmatism.
Anterior Chamber
;
Astigmatism
;
Endothelial Cells*
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Lenses, Intraocular
;
Myopia
;
Phakic Intraocular Lenses*
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Visual Acuity