BACKGROUND: Recently, we have reported that biodegradable poly [-(4-aminobutyl)-L-glycolic acid] (PAGA) can condense and protect plasmid DNA from DNase I. In this study, we investigated whether the systemic administration of pCAGGS mouse IL-10 (mIL-10) expression plasmid complexed with PAGA can reduce the development of insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. METHODS: PAGA/mIL-10 plasmid complexes were stable for more than 60 minutes, but the naked DNA was destroyed within 10 minutes by DNase I. The PAGA/DNA complexes were injected into the tail vein of 3 week-old NOD mice. RESULTS: Serum mIL-10 level peaked at 5 days after injection, could be detected for more than 7 weeks. The prevalence of severe insulitis at 12 week-old NOD mice was markedly reduced by the intravenous injection of PAGA/DNA complex (15.7%) compared to that of naked DNA injection (34.5%) and non-treated controls (90.9%). In conclusion, systemic administration of pCAGGS mIL-10 plasmid/PAGA complexes can reduce the severity of insulitis in NOD mice. CONCLUSION: The study presents the PAGA/DNA complex has the potential for the application of the prevention of autoimmune diabetes mellitus.
Animals ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; DNA* ; Genetic Therapy ; Injections, Intravenous ; Insulin-Secreting Cells* ; Interleukin-10* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD* ; Plasmids* ; Prevalence ; Veins

Background: and Purpose Nelonemdaz (Neu2000) has both selective antagonism against 2B subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and antioxidant activity. This drug provides sufficient evidence of neuroprotection in acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models. This phase III trial aims to determine this effect in patients.Design The Rescue on Reperfusion Damage in Cerebral Infarction by Nelonemdaz is a multicenter, double-blinded clinical trial. A total of 496 patients will be randomly assigned into the nelonemdaz (a total of 5,250 mg divided by 10 times for 5 days) and placebo groups. Patients will be included if they have an acute ischemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥8) caused by intracranial large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥4), and if they are expected to undergo endovascular thrombectomy within 12 hours after stroke onset.Endpoints The primary endpoint is a favorable shift in the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days after the first dose of drug. The data will be analyzed by the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel shift test. The secondary endpoints include functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 35 and 90 days, the favorable shift of mRS at 35 days, the proportion of mRS 0 at 35 and 90 days, and the occurrence rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 7 days. Conclusion This trial will clarify the efficacy and safety of nelonemdaz in patients with acute ischemic stroke and endovascular thrombectomy. This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT05041010).