No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*

No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Cats* ; Endothelium, Corneal*

Refractions were performed in healthy 60 newborn babies, 31 males and 29 females, by retinoscopy after instillation of 1% tropicamide in order to investigate the distribution of refractive states of newborn babies. Average refractive error is +1.51 +/- 2.23D in male, +1.93 +/- 1.78D in female, and +1.17 +/- 2.03D in general. 72.5% of them were hypermetropia, 10.0% were emmetropia, and 12.5% were myopia. There was no significant difference according to sex, laterality, birth weight, and method of delivery(p>0.1).
Birth Weight ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy ; Tropicamide

From May to October 1987, 32 patients of diabetic retinopathy were studied with visual acuity, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, urine glucose test, standard fundus color photography, and fluorescein angiography to assess the type and extent of color vision defect associated with diabetic retinopathy, mainly nonproliferative, and the presence of macular edema. Nine patients showed significantly higher error scores in Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test than expected in non-diabetic individuals and tendency of a tritan axis. Eyes with macular edema showed higher Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue scores than those without macular edema, but the differences were insignificant. Only one patient made an error in reading of urine glucose test by himself.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Color Vision Defects* ; Color Vision* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glucose ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Photography ; Visual Acuity

From May to October 1987, 32 patients of diabetic retinopathy were studied with visual acuity, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, urine glucose test, standard fundus color photography, and fluorescein angiography to assess the type and extent of color vision defect associated with diabetic retinopathy, mainly nonproliferative, and the presence of macular edema. Nine patients showed significantly higher error scores in Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test than expected in non-diabetic individuals and tendency of a tritan axis. Eyes with macular edema showed higher Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue scores than those without macular edema, but the differences were insignificant. Only one patient made an error in reading of urine glucose test by himself.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Color Vision Defects* ; Color Vision* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glucose ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Photography ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to know the correlation between resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) and height-length (H/L) ratio of foot. METHOD: Both feet of 173 persons who visited the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital were included in the study. Their mean age was 23.6 years old. H/L ratio, RCSP and navicular angle of 346 feet were measured. All people were divided into 3 groups, such as, normal foot (-2degrees2degrees) according to the angle of RCSP. And the relationship between RCSP and H/L ratio were evaluated. Independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation of SPSS was used for statistical data processing. RESULTS: The mean H/L ratio of rear foot valgus was 0.2206, noraml foot 0.2440 and rearfoot varus 0.2625. H/L ratio and navicular angle showed significant increase in each RCSP groups in order of rear foot angle. CONCLUSION: H/L ratio and RCSP showed strong positive correlation and the value of H/L ratio in normal group was 0.2440+/-0.0114 (Mean+/-S.D.). H/L ratio is easily acceptable parameter in human mechanics or orthotic field of rehabilitation.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Foot* ; Humans ; Mechanics ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify posterior malleolar fractures according to the position of fragments and to analyze radiologic features of each type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed forty-six patients of ankle fractures involving a posterior malleolus who were treated between January 2004 and December 2007. The posterior malleolar fractures were categorized into three types (posterolateral, posteromedial, shell) based on the major fracture line. In each type, we analyzed amount of displacement, involvement of articular surface, existence of subluxation and osteochondral impacted fragments. RESULTS: The forty-six patients were categorized into three types: Posterolateral (PL) type (33 cases, 72%), Posteromedial (PM) type (8 cases, 17%), shell type (5 cases, 11%). Of the 8 cases with PM type, 7 cases showed displacement more than Grade II, 4 cases showed subluxation of ankle joint, and 3 cases showed osteochondral impacted fragment. Average involvement of articular surface of PM type is 35% (15~65%). CONCLUSION: Posterior malleolar fractures with medial extension tended to have adverse effect on ankle stability and Preoperative CT scan is essential for evaluation of fracture type and determination of appropriate surgical approach.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Urinary Bladder*

Bipolar clavicular dislocation is simultaneous dislocation of both poles of the clavicle (mainly an anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint and a posterior dislocation of acromioclavicular joint) and rarely reported. We report a case of bipolar claviclular dislocation after a seat belt injury and describe its presumed mechanism and treatment with a review of literature.
Clavicle ; Dislocations ; Seat Belts ; Sternoclavicular Joint

OBJECTIVES: Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) is an assessment tool to measure the severity of different dimensions of auditory hallucinations and delusions. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of PSYRATS (K-PSYRATS) were examined in Korean patients with major psychosis. METHODS: The inter-rater reliability of the K-PSYRATS was determined from the videotaped interviews of the five schizophrenic patients. To measure validity and internal consistency reliability, the 109 patients with auditory hallucinations or delusions were assessed using the K-PSYRATS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale. RESULTS: K-PSYRATS was found to have excellent inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient of auditory hallucination= 0.81, p<.001, intra-class correlation coefficient of delusion=0.97, p<.001) and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha of auditory hallucination=0.77, Cronbach's alpha of delusion=0.76). Significant correlation was found between K-PSYRATS and positive syndrome subscale of PANSS and CGI. CONCLUSION: K-PSYRATS is a useful assessment instrument for psychotic symptoms in Korea.
Delusions ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychotic Disorders ; Reproducibility of Results*