No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Testis*

From May to October 1987, 32 patients of diabetic retinopathy were studied with visual acuity, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, urine glucose test, standard fundus color photography, and fluorescein angiography to assess the type and extent of color vision defect associated with diabetic retinopathy, mainly nonproliferative, and the presence of macular edema. Nine patients showed significantly higher error scores in Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test than expected in non-diabetic individuals and tendency of a tritan axis. Eyes with macular edema showed higher Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue scores than those without macular edema, but the differences were insignificant. Only one patient made an error in reading of urine glucose test by himself.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Color Vision Defects* ; Color Vision* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glucose ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Photography ; Visual Acuity

From May to October 1987, 32 patients of diabetic retinopathy were studied with visual acuity, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, urine glucose test, standard fundus color photography, and fluorescein angiography to assess the type and extent of color vision defect associated with diabetic retinopathy, mainly nonproliferative, and the presence of macular edema. Nine patients showed significantly higher error scores in Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test than expected in non-diabetic individuals and tendency of a tritan axis. Eyes with macular edema showed higher Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue scores than those without macular edema, but the differences were insignificant. Only one patient made an error in reading of urine glucose test by himself.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Color Vision Defects* ; Color Vision* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glucose ; Humans ; Macular Edema ; Photography ; Visual Acuity

No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Cats* ; Endothelium, Corneal*

Refractions were performed in healthy 60 newborn babies, 31 males and 29 females, by retinoscopy after instillation of 1% tropicamide in order to investigate the distribution of refractive states of newborn babies. Average refractive error is +1.51 +/- 2.23D in male, +1.93 +/- 1.78D in female, and +1.17 +/- 2.03D in general. 72.5% of them were hypermetropia, 10.0% were emmetropia, and 12.5% were myopia. There was no significant difference according to sex, laterality, birth weight, and method of delivery(p>0.1).
Birth Weight ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy ; Tropicamide

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to know the correlation between resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) and height-length (H/L) ratio of foot. METHOD: Both feet of 173 persons who visited the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital were included in the study. Their mean age was 23.6 years old. H/L ratio, RCSP and navicular angle of 346 feet were measured. All people were divided into 3 groups, such as, normal foot (-2degrees2degrees) according to the angle of RCSP. And the relationship between RCSP and H/L ratio were evaluated. Independent T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation of SPSS was used for statistical data processing. RESULTS: The mean H/L ratio of rear foot valgus was 0.2206, noraml foot 0.2440 and rearfoot varus 0.2625. H/L ratio and navicular angle showed significant increase in each RCSP groups in order of rear foot angle. CONCLUSION: H/L ratio and RCSP showed strong positive correlation and the value of H/L ratio in normal group was 0.2440+/-0.0114 (Mean+/-S.D.). H/L ratio is easily acceptable parameter in human mechanics or orthotic field of rehabilitation.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Foot* ; Humans ; Mechanics ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify posterior malleolar fractures according to the position of fragments and to analyze radiologic features of each type. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed forty-six patients of ankle fractures involving a posterior malleolus who were treated between January 2004 and December 2007. The posterior malleolar fractures were categorized into three types (posterolateral, posteromedial, shell) based on the major fracture line. In each type, we analyzed amount of displacement, involvement of articular surface, existence of subluxation and osteochondral impacted fragments. RESULTS: The forty-six patients were categorized into three types: Posterolateral (PL) type (33 cases, 72%), Posteromedial (PM) type (8 cases, 17%), shell type (5 cases, 11%). Of the 8 cases with PM type, 7 cases showed displacement more than Grade II, 4 cases showed subluxation of ankle joint, and 3 cases showed osteochondral impacted fragment. Average involvement of articular surface of PM type is 35% (15~65%). CONCLUSION: Posterior malleolar fractures with medial extension tended to have adverse effect on ankle stability and Preoperative CT scan is essential for evaluation of fracture type and determination of appropriate surgical approach.
Animals ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Displacement (Psychology) ; Humans

Bipolar clavicular dislocation is simultaneous dislocation of both poles of the clavicle (mainly an anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint and a posterior dislocation of acromioclavicular joint) and rarely reported. We report a case of bipolar claviclular dislocation after a seat belt injury and describe its presumed mechanism and treatment with a review of literature.
Clavicle ; Dislocations ; Seat Belts ; Sternoclavicular Joint

No abstract available.
Hemangioma, Cavernous* ; Urinary Bladder*

The purpose of this project was to study the effect of calcium sulfate on early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis. In the control group, a total of 17 patients were treated between December 1997 and December 1999. The age of patients ranged from 2 to 45 years. The follow up period was 6 to 24 months(mean 15.3 months). In experimental group, a total of eight patients with craniofacial microsomia were treated between April 2000 and February 2001. The age of patients ranged from two to 40 years old. All patients were male. The follow up period was 3 to 15 months. The operative procedure in adult was based on the Ortiz Monasterio's simultaneous mandibular and maxillary distraction technique. The authors modified the original Ortiz Monasterio's method by using Le Fort I osteotomy with complete separation of both pterygomaxillary junction and mandibular osteotomy to avoid the resistance during distraction. In child, the osteotomy of the mandible was performed to distract. In the control group, in adults, after 5 days of latent period, distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm per day. After 6 to 8 weeks of consolidation period, intermaxillary fixation and distraction device were removed. In children, the distraction was started at a rate of 1 mm per day without latent period. The consolidation period was 4 to 6 weeks. In the experimental group, after 5 days of latent period, distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm per day in 2 adults. However, in children distraction was performed at a rate of 1 mm per day in 2 patients and 2 mm per day in 4 patients without latent period. On the completion of distraction, the calcium sulfate mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose was injected into the distracted zone. Radiographs showed bony consolidation in 4 weeks in 1 child, 5 weeks in 1 child with distraction rate of 1 mm per day, in 5 - 7 weeks in 4 children with distraction rate of 2 mm per day and in 5 weeks in 2 adults with distraction rate of 1 mm per day after injection of the calcium sulfate. The consolidation period in adult was statistically significant compared with that of the control group using Mann-Whitney U test.In conclusion, these findings suggested that injectable calcium sulfate is effective for early bony consolidation in distraction osteogenesis in adult.
Adult ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium ; Child ; Facial Bones* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goldenhar Syndrome ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Osteogenesis, Distraction* ; Osteotomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative