Mycon-soft lenses (made by Tokyo contact lens Co., Japan) were contaminated experimentally with coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa and sterilizing effects of some disinfectants (3% H2O2, 6% H2O2, 0.1% Benzalkonium and 1:1000 Merthiolate solutions) on those contaminated lenses were studied. The following results were obtained: 1. SCL contaminated with staphylcoccus were sterilized by soaking in 3% H2O2, 6% H2O2, or 1:1000 Merthiolate solution over 15 minutes, and in 0.1 Benzalkonium over 60 minutes. 2. SCL contaminated with pseudomonas aeruginosa were sterilizd by soaking in 6% H2O2 over 15 minutes, in 1:1000 MerthioJate solution over 60 minutes, in 3% H2O2 over 60 minutes, but no sterilization was obtained by soaking in 0.1 % Benzalkonium solution for less than 180 minutes. 3. No signs of irritation were noted on rabbit corneas fitted with SCL after soaking in 3% H2O2 or 6% H2O2 for 15 minutes followed by soaking in 20cc of normal saline for 15 minutes.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Coagulase ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Cornea ; Disinfectants ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Sterilization* ; Thimerosal

We evaluated the effect of the reablation on the undercorrected eye after the Laser in-situ keratomileusis [LASIK]. The subjects were 21 eyes of 19 patients, who showed undercorrection after the LASIK. Reablation was done on the stromal bed after lifting the original flap aside. Patients were followed up for 1 to 6 months after the reablation. At the time of first LASIK, the mean spherical equivalent[S/E]was -11.29 +/-2.98D preoperatively, -1.90 +/-1.16D at postopera-tive 3 months, the mean amount of correction was -9.60 +/-1.90D. At the time of reablation, the mean[S/E]was -3.26 +/-1.08D, and the mean amount of correction was -3.31 +/-1.11D. Reablation was done only after the refractive error stabilized and did not change over 3 months. One month after the reablation, the mean[S/E]was +0.15 +/-0.98D and 85.7%of the eyes were within +/-1.0D. Six months after the reablation, the mean[S/E]was -0 .1 0 +/-0.66D and 84.6% were within +/-1.0D. The uncorrected visual acuity of 0.6 or more was achieved in 76.2%of eyes at 1 month, and 84.6%at 6 months. The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA]was lost 2 lines or more in 14.3%at 1 month, but none at 6 months after surgery. The BSCVA did not change or gain 1 line or more in 76.2%at 1 month, and 92.3%at 6 months after surgery. There was no problem when lifting the original corneal flap. In conclusion, reablation using the original flaps without new cuts seems to be a redictable, safe method for retreatment.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lifting ; Refractive Errors ; Retreatment ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Meconium*

The purpose of this study is to investigate the toxicity of mitomycin-C[MMC]to the corneal endothelial cells, which is medical adjunct to pterygium and glaucoma surgery.Rabbit corneas were mounted in the in-vitro dual-chambered specular microscope.Corneal endothelium was perfused with the glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer[GBR]solution for one hour, then, perfused with 0.02%, 0.01%, and 0.005%MMC in GBR solution in experimental groups, and with GBR solution only in control group.Corneal thickness was measured every 15 minutes during perfusion and corneal swelling rate was calculated.Corneal endothelial permeability was also measured in another experiment.In MMC-mixed group, the early swelling rate decreased due to osmolarity of MMC, but after removal of MMC, the swelling rate increased compared to that of the control group.The pattern of increase was not a linear form, but a secondary curve with the plateau. In 0.02%and 0.01%MMC group, corneas swelled significantly, but not in 0.005%group.Corneal endothelial permeability was 4.21 +/-0.50 x10-4cm/min at 0.005%MMC, 4.10 +/-0.93 x10-4cm/min in control, and 4.25 +/-0.48 x10-4cm/min at 0.01% MMC, 3.73 +/-0.73 x10-4cm/min in control. No significant changes in permeability was observed.In conclusion, MMC of 0.01% or higher exposed to corneal endothelial cells induced corneal swelling of which mechanism was thought to be due to inhibition of Na/K-ATPase by MMC.
Cornea ; Endothelial Cells* ; Endothelium ; Glaucoma ; Mitomycin* ; Osmolar Concentration ; Perfusion ; Permeability ; Pterygium

Changes of corneal endothelial permeability and corneal thickness after instillation of topical steroid was evaluated. In five rabbits, 0.1%dexamethasone eye solution was dropped into right eyes, and in another five rabbits, 1%prednisolone acetate eye solution was dropped into right eyes, and each left eyes were used as a control with dropping of Tears Naturale(r)II (Alcon-couvreur, Belgium). After dropping eyedrops for seven days, corneal endothelial permeability and corneal thickness were measured. Mean corneal thickness changed from 371.4 micrometer to 334.2 micrometer after dropping eyedrops in 0.1%dexamethasone group, and from 375.8 micrometer to 347.8 micrometer in control group where no statistical difference was noted between the two groups. Corneal endothelial permeability was 3.58x10(-4)cm/min in 0.1%dexamethasone group, and 3.54x10(-4) cm/min in control group(p>0.05). Mean corneal thickness changed from 347.4 micrometer to 323.8 micrometer after dropping eyedrops in 1% prednisolone acetate group, and from 342.4 micrometer to 335.6 micrometer in control group. There was also no statistical difference between the two groups. Corneal endothelial permeability was 4.08x10(-4)cm/min in 1%prednisolone acetate group, and 4.26x10(-4) cm/min in control group(p>0.05). In conclusion, topical application of 0.1%dexamethasone or 1%prednisolone acetate for a short period may have no effect on corneal endothelial permeability and thickness.
Dexamethasone ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Permeability* ; Prednisolone ; Rabbits

We experienced one case of an unusual acute osteomyelitis of orbital margin, of which frontal, zygomatic and maxillary bone was involved in 10-month old infant. His clinical symptomes were similar to the acute osteomyelitis of superior maxilla but the primary site seemed to be in the frontal bone by history. We treated him with massive antibiotics and surgery (anterior approach). The causative organism was staphylococcus sureus, being very sensitive to penicillin. Also we reviewed the literatures of the orbital osteomyelitis comparing with thia case.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Frontal Bone* ; Humans ; Infant ; Maxilla* ; Orbit* ; Osteomyelitis* ; Penicillins ; Staphylococcus

Anesthesia, Local ; Cautery ; Epistaxis ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Ligation

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is an extremely rare benign inflammatory disease of the gall bladder characterized by yellowish focal nodular appearance with tissue necrosis and lipid-containing histiocyte (xanthomacell). Recently, we experienced a case of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. A 71-year old woman was admitted with the complaints of RUQ pain for 1 month. On abdominal ultrasound examination, there were diffuse gallbladder wall thickening, echogenic nodule with acoustic shadow, the calculous cholecystiti and the gall badder cancer were strongly suspected and the operation was performed. At operation the gall bladder was marked enlarged and wall thickening with two brownish, oval shaped, smooth surfaced stones. The specimen was revealed a xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis by the pathology.
Acoustics ; Aged ; Cholecystitis* ; Female ; Gallbladder ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder

Purpose: Physiological aging is associated with microvascular dysfunction, including in the penis, and this may contribute to age-related erectile dysfunction (ED). Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a non-invasive intervention for ED, but its effect on penile microvascular function, remains unclear. Our objectives are to (i) evaluate the effect of Li-ESWT (specifically radial type ESWT [rESWT]) on penile microvascular perfusion (PMP) in aging rats, (ii) elucidate a possible mechanism, and (iii) evaluate its impact on angiogenic and smooth muscle biomarkers in cavernosal tissue. Materials and Methods: Male rats (n=9; 15–18 months) were anesthetized and subjected to rESWT while monitoring PMP. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway involvement was assessed by measuring the effect of rESWT on PMP following an intracavernosal injection of N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (NO synthase inhibitor). To elucidate the cellular mechanism, another group of rats received repeated rESWT (n=4) or no treatment (n=4) three times/week for two weeks. Rats were euthanized at the end of the study and penile tissues were analyzed for angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor-A [VEGF-A], endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]) and smooth muscle content (α-actin) using immunostaining, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: rESWT resulted in more than a 2-fold increase in PMP (from 68.5 arbitrary units; 163.7 AU). L-NAME injection produced a <40%–50% decrease (185.3 to 101.0 AU) in rESWT-induced PMP response. Immunostaining revealed increased α-actin, eNOS, and VEGF-A in the cavernosum and these findings were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot results. Conclusions rESWT improved PMP, which may be mediated via increased VEGF expression, which stimulates the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, resulting in sustained PMP. rESWT devices could offer a safe, non-invasive treatment for age-related ED.

Purpose: Physiological aging is associated with microvascular dysfunction, including in the penis, and this may contribute to age-related erectile dysfunction (ED). Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a non-invasive intervention for ED, but its effect on penile microvascular function, remains unclear. Our objectives are to (i) evaluate the effect of Li-ESWT (specifically radial type ESWT [rESWT]) on penile microvascular perfusion (PMP) in aging rats, (ii) elucidate a possible mechanism, and (iii) evaluate its impact on angiogenic and smooth muscle biomarkers in cavernosal tissue. Materials and Methods: Male rats (n=9; 15–18 months) were anesthetized and subjected to rESWT while monitoring PMP. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway involvement was assessed by measuring the effect of rESWT on PMP following an intracavernosal injection of N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (NO synthase inhibitor). To elucidate the cellular mechanism, another group of rats received repeated rESWT (n=4) or no treatment (n=4) three times/week for two weeks. Rats were euthanized at the end of the study and penile tissues were analyzed for angiogenic markers (vascular endothelial growth factor-A [VEGF-A], endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS]) and smooth muscle content (α-actin) using immunostaining, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: rESWT resulted in more than a 2-fold increase in PMP (from 68.5 arbitrary units; 163.7 AU). L-NAME injection produced a <40%–50% decrease (185.3 to 101.0 AU) in rESWT-induced PMP response. Immunostaining revealed increased α-actin, eNOS, and VEGF-A in the cavernosum and these findings were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot results. Conclusions rESWT improved PMP, which may be mediated via increased VEGF expression, which stimulates the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, resulting in sustained PMP. rESWT devices could offer a safe, non-invasive treatment for age-related ED.