The status of health administration and medicare insurance program of 58 universities and colleges of 4-year course was studied in 1971 and the following results were obtained; 1. The average number of students of 20 universities was 4,800+/-2,600 and that of 36 colleges was 780+/-620. 2. The types of health service facilities for the students varied widely according to the institutions, from an elaborate one, university health center, to a poor one first aid room. 3. Thirty-six out of 58 institutions had some sort of health service facilities, either health center or health service room. And 14 out of 36 institutions had elaborate health service facilities such as university health center or student health center. 4. The number of full time staff of the health center and that of the health service room were 2 to more than 10 and 0 to 3 respectively. 5. The range of student health service fee varied widely according to the institutions from won50 to won550 per student, per semester. The average cost of student health service fee at the institutions with health centers was won300+/-150 and that with health service rooms was won200+/-150 per student, per semester. 6. Utility rate of the student health service facilities at the institutions with health centers and with health service rooms were 1,200 to 1,400 and 3,900 to 4,100 per 1,000 students per year. 7. There was an obvious increasing tendency of tuberculosis prevalence rate in the students. 8. The institutions which had appointed hospitals for student medicare were 24 ; where the reduction rate of medical expenses for students varied from 10 to 50 percent. 9. Students medicare insurance program was adopted by six universities which accommodated more than 2,000 students. 10. The range of student medicare insurance fee varied widely according to the institutions from won140 to won800 per student per year. Each of the six universities which had adopted the insurance program had each own's special regulations to apply for pay claims.
Fees and Charges ; First Aid ; Health Services ; Humans ; Insurance* ; Korea* ; Medicare* ; Prevalence ; Social Control, Formal ; Student Health Services ; Tuberculosis

The status of health administration and medicare insurance program of 58 universities and colleges of 4-year course was studied in 1971 and the following results were obtained; 1. The average number of students of 20 universities was 4,800+/-2,600 and that of 36 colleges was 780+/-620. 2. The types of health service facilities for the students varied widely according to the institutions, from an elaborate one, university health center, to a poor one first aid room. 3. Thirty-six out of 58 institutions had some sort of health service facilities, either health center or health service room. And 14 out of 36 institutions had elaborate health service facilities such as university health center or student health center. 4. The number of full time staff of the health center and that of the health service room were 2 to more than 10 and 0 to 3 respectively. 5. The range of student health service fee varied widely according to the institutions from won50 to won550 per student, per semester. The average cost of student health service fee at the institutions with health centers was won300+/-150 and that with health service rooms was won200+/-150 per student, per semester. 6. Utility rate of the student health service facilities at the institutions with health centers and with health service rooms were 1,200 to 1,400 and 3,900 to 4,100 per 1,000 students per year. 7. There was an obvious increasing tendency of tuberculosis prevalence rate in the students. 8. The institutions which had appointed hospitals for student medicare were 24 ; where the reduction rate of medical expenses for students varied from 10 to 50 percent. 9. Students medicare insurance program was adopted by six universities which accommodated more than 2,000 students. 10. The range of student medicare insurance fee varied widely according to the institutions from won140 to won800 per student per year. Each of the six universities which had adopted the insurance program had each own's special regulations to apply for pay claims.
Fees and Charges ; First Aid ; Health Services ; Humans ; Insurance* ; Korea* ; Medicare* ; Prevalence ; Social Control, Formal ; Student Health Services ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate treatment results, toxicity and efficacy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel for paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 1997 to March 1999, 12 patients with paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer who previously received radical or postoperative radiotherapy were treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel. Of these, 2 patients who irradiated less than 30 Gy were excluded, 10 patients were eligible for this study. Median age was 5 1 years. Initial FlGO stage was 1 stage IB1, 2 stage IIA, 7 stage IIB. For initial treatment, 7 patients received radical radiotherapy and 3 received postoperative radiotherapy. The paraaortic field encompassed the gross recur rent disease with superior margin at T 12, and inferior margin was between L5 and S 1 with gap for previously pelvic radiation field. The radiation field was initially anterior and posterior opposed field followed by both lateral field. The daily dose was 1.2 Gy, twice daily fractions, and total radiotherapy dose was between 50.4 and 60 Gy(median, 58.8 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy was done with paclitaxel as a radiosensitizer. Dose range was from 20 mg/m to 30 mg/m (median, 25 mg/m'), and cycle of chemotherapy was from 3 to 6 (median, 4.5 cycle). Follow-up period ranged from 3 to 21 months. RESULTS: Interval between initial diagnosis and paraaortic node recurrence was range from 2 to 63 months (median, 8 months). The 1 year overall survival rate and median survival were 75% and 9.5 months, respectively. The 1 year disease free survival rate and median disease free survival were 30% and 3 7 months, respectively. At 1 month after treatment, 4 (40%) achieved a complete response and 6 (63%) experienced a partial response and all patients showed response above the partial response. There was distant metastasis in 6 patients and pelvic node recurrence in 2 patients after paraaortic node irradialion. There was 2 patients with grade 3 to 4 leukopenia and 8 patients with grade 1 to 2 nausea/ vom ting which was usually tolerable with antiemetic drug. There was no chronic complication in abdomen and pelvis during follow up period. CONCLUSION: Hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel as a radiosensitizer showed high response rate and few complication rate in paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer. Therefore, present results suggest that hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy can be used as optimal treatment modality in this patients.
Abdomen ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paclitaxel* ; Pelvis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence* ; Survival Rate ; Tolnaftate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are uncommon, high-flow connection between an artery and a vein without an intervening nidus, vascular lesions treated using endovascular approach with a variety of embolic materials. To our knowledge, hyperperfusion syndrome as a result of embolization of pial AVFs has not been reported before. We report our experience in the treatment of high-flow pial AVF using detachable coils and hyperperfusion syndrome after coil embolization.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Veins

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nasolabial cysts are relatively rare and are sometimes confused with tumors due to progressive enlargement. Treatment of a nasolabial cyst consists of sublabial excision or endonasal endoscopic marsupialization (EEM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of nasolabial cysts in order to provide a basis for correct diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients with a nasolabial cyst were surgically treated between December, 1989 and January, 2010 at the Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center. Their clinical features, radiologic and histopathologic findings, and treatment and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The patients comprised 51 (80%) women and 13 men (20%), with ages ranging from 16 to 69 years with a mean of 43 years. Swelling of the nasolabial fold was the most frequently experienced symptom. There was no right or left side preponderance. Sublabial excision was applied in 57 cases (89%), while seven cases (11%) were treated via the endonasal approach. There was no case of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Nasolabial cysts should be suspected in patients with swelling of the nasolabial area and nasal obstruction. Enhanced CT may be needed to differentiate from tumors, odontogenic cysts, or other inflammatory lesions. Nasolabial cysts can be successfully treated via sublabial or endonasal approaches. Postoperative complications or recurrence is very rare.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasolabial Fold ; Nose ; Odontogenic Tumors ; Otolaryngology ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Trapdoor orbital blowout fracture is most common in orbital blowout fracture. Various materials have been used to reconstruct orbital floor blowout fracture. Absorbable alloplastic implants are needed because of disadvantages of nonabsorbable alloplastic materials and donor morbidity of autogenous tissue. The aim of the study is to evaluate usefulness of absorbable mesh plate as a reconstructive material for orbital blowout fractures. METHODS: From December 2008 to October 2009, 18 trapdoor orbital floor blowout fracture patients were treated using elevator fixation, depressor fixation, or elevator-depressor fixation techniques with absorbable mesh plates and screw, depending on degree of orbital floor reduction, because absorbable mesh plates are less rigid than titanium plates and other artificial substitutes. RESULTS: Among 18 patients, 5 elevator fixation, 4 depressor fixation, and 9 elevator and depressor fixation technique were performed. In all patients, postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scan showed complete reduction of orbital contents and orbital floor, and no displacement of bony fragment and mesh plate. Mean follow-up was 10 months. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Three different techniques depending on the degree of orbital floor reduction are useful for open reduction and internal fixation of trapdoor orbital floor blowout fracture with absorbable mesh plates.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Elevators and Escalators ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Orbit ; Postoperative Complications ; Tissue Donors ; Titanium

PURPOSE: Soft tissue defect of anterior chest wall is caused by trauma, infection, tumors and irradiation. To reconstruct damaged anterior chest wall does require to consider the patient's body condition, the cause, the location, the depth and the size of deletion, the circulation of surrounding tissue and minimization of functional and cosmetic disability. In this report, we suggest the algorithm of configuration for reconstruction methods. METHODS: A retrospective study of 20 patients who underwent anterior chest wall reconstruction with pedicled musculocutaneous flap and fasciocutaneous flap was conducted. We collected the information of the patient's body condition, the cause, the size, the depth and the location of deletion, implemented flap and complication. We observed and evaluated flap compatibility, functional and cosmetic results. Patients completed survey about the extent to their satisfaction. RESULTS: Follow up period after surgery was from 6 to 26 months, survival of flap were confirmed in all of patients' case. Two cases of local necrosis, one case of wound disruption were reported, but all these were cured by the debridement and primary closure. One hematoma and one seroma formation were observed in donor site. Longer surgery time, more bleeding amount and more transfusion volume were reported in the group of musculocutenous flap. CONCLUSION: Long term follow up result showed the successful reconstruction in all patients without recurrence and with minimal donor site morbidity. In addition, the patients' satisfaction for cosmetic and functional results were scaled relatively higher. This confirmed the importance of reconstruction algorithm for the chest wall reconstruction.
Cosmetics ; Debridement ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seroma ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.

The present study reports a case of inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity and infiltrating into the maxillary sinus. Inverted papilloma is an uncommon and locally aggressive benign tumor of the sinonasal region. The patient, 51- year-old male, presented with unilateral nasal obstruction and periodic swelling on the palate without pain. Enhanced CT scan revealed a heterogeneously enhancing solid mass in the nasal cavity and infiltrating into the right maxillary sinus, as well as an incidental, secondarily infected residual cyst in the periapical area of the right maxillary canine. The sinonasal mass was revealed as an inverted papilloma on histopathologic examination.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction ; Palate ; Papilloma, Inverted

PURPOSE: Facial allotransplantation (FA) could provide an excellent alternative to current treatments for facial disfigurement. However, despite being technically feasible, there continues to be various ethical and psychosocial issues associated with the risks and benefits of performing FA. The purpose of this study is to investigate risk acceptance and expectations in FA. METHODS: In a quantitative assessment of risk versus benefit with respect to FA, from 2004 to 2008, Barker et al. developed and published a questionnaire-based instrument (Louisville Instrument for Transplantation [LIFT]), which contained 237 standardized questions. In the current study, the authors assessed risk versus benefits and expectations of FA using a Korean version of the LIFT. Respondents in three study groups (lay public, n=140; medical students, n=120; doctors, n=34) were questioned about risk acceptance as related to immunosuppression and tissue rejection, and expectations as related to quality of life improvement, and functional and aesthetic outcomes. A summary of the data has been provided and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among the three study groups, results indicated that doctors accept the least amount of risk for a facial allotransplant, followed by medical students, and finally lay public. There was a significant statistical difference in three of the four questions regarding risk acceptance between the groups (p < 0.05). In general, lay public exhibited higher expectations for facial allotransplantation than the other groups. Additionally, there was a significant statistical difference in the importance of aesthetic outcome between the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The authors' data indicate the three populations have vastly different levels of risk acceptance and expectations with regard to FA. Therefore, it is very important that surgeons establish clear, open, and thorough communication with patients in their consultations regarding FA. This is particularly important with respect to whether or not a patient's level of risk acceptance and expectations are progmatic.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Quality of Life ; Referral and Consultation ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Risk Assessment ; Students, Medical ; Transplants