OBJECTIVE: Sixteen cases of blunt diaphragmatic injury were clinically reviewed during 10 years from Oct.1987 to Jun.1996 at the Kangdong sacred heart hospital. The age and sex distribution were ranged from 3 to 67-old-years. The most common age range was between third decades to fifth decades in 10 cases(62.50%) and occurred predominantly in male, the sex ratio was 4.3 : 1.(M:F 4.3:1) The modes of blunt diaphragmatic injury were due to motor vehicle accidents(MVA), motor cycle accidents(MCA), fall down(FD) and others. Most common injuries were responsible for MVA. MVA were pedestrian traffic accidents 5 cases (41.7%), driver 4 cases(33.3%) passenger 3 cases(25.0%). In the blunt diaphragmatic injury sites, the left-sided diaphragmatic injury had predominant[left-sided cases 10(62.50%), right-sided cases 6(37.50%)]. Cost common symptoms and signs were chest pain or chest discomfort(81.25%) and dyspnea(68.75%), abdominal tenderness(50.00%), decreased bowel sound and breath sound(50.00%) and others. All of 16 cases in blunt diaphragmatic injury were associated with other injuries. The associated injuries were hemopneumothorax 14(87.50%), hemoperitoneum 7(43.759o), liver injury 7(43.75%), orthopedics fracture 14(87.50%), head injury 5(31.25%) and others. The diagnostic methods were used with simple x-ray, ultrasonogram and computed tomogram. The preoperative diagnosis of blunt diaphragmatic injury were suggested in 10 cases(62.509o) and others were confirmed during operation. The thirteen cases of all of sixteen cases were performed emergency operation within eight hours. The herniated intraabdominal organs through ruptured diaphragm were presented in 10cases(62.5%) [stomach 7 cases(43.75%), spleen 6 cases(37.50%), colon 3 cases(18.75%), liver 3 cases(18.75%), small bowel and omentum 2 cases(12.50%), respectively]. The mean size of blunt diaphragmatic injury were 7.7cm, right-sided mean size were 9cm, left-sided mean size were 6.9cm. The most common site of blunt diaphragm- atic injury were presented in anteromedial site 7 cases(43.75%). Simple chest x-ray revealed abnormal finding [hemothorax 10cases(62.50%), pneumothorax 4cases(25.00%), herniated organ into thorax8 cases(50.00%), diaphragm elevation 3 cases(18.75%) and others]. The postoperative complication were associated in 10 cases(62.50%) out of 16 cases. Common complications were pleural effusion 6 cases(37.50%) and atelectasis 3 cases(18.75%). Injury severity score(ISS) value of 16 cases in the blunt trauma ranged from 10 to 59. It was presented with mean value of ISS(35.5),mean value of ISS survivors(35) and nonsurvivors(55.5). Revised trauma score(RTS) value ranged also from 4 to 12. There were revealed with mean value of RTS(9.7),mean value of RTS survivors(10) and nonsurvivors(6.5). All of the blunt traumatic injury, mortality rate was related to the values of ISS and RTS.
Accidents, Traffic ; Chest Pain ; Colon ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hemopneumothorax ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Mortality ; Motor Vehicles ; Omentum ; Orthopedics ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumothorax ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Ratio ; Spleen ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography

Intussusception is a condition of invagination of the proximal segment of bowel into the more distal receiving bowel. Intussusception is one of the common pediatric and surgical emergencies of infancy and childhood in Korea. Intussusception is the most common cause of acquired intestinal obstruction in infancy and childhood, and it needs emergency treatment. 1) On the age and sex distribution, the age under 15 month was the most common(70.6%), and the peak incidence was 3-12 months of age(60.1%). In sex distribution, male to female ratio was 1.25:1. 2) The seasonal distribution was summer(27.4%), spring, autumn and winter in order of frequency. 3) As to the etiology of Intussusception treated by surgery, idiopathic was the most common(75%). 4) The cardinal symptoms and signs were vomiting(72.5%), bloody or bloody mucoid stool(57.5%), abdominal pain(49.7%), abdominal distention(20.9%), abdominal mass(19.6%) and others in order of frequency. 5) On the hematologic finding, 60.8% revealed leukocytosis above 10,000/mm3. 6) As to the duration from the onset of the symptom to admission, 84.2% was within 24 hours, 9.8% was from 24 hours to 48 hours, and 5% was over 48 hours. 7) The common anatomical types were ileocolic(73.2%), and ileocecal(17.0%). 8) The success rate of air reduction was 84.3%. 9) In the method of operation, manual reduction was performed in 91.7% and intestinal resection in 8.3%. 10) The recurrence rate after air reduction was 12.4% and after operative manual reduction was 8.3%.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Emergency Treatment ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intussusception* ; Korea ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Sex Distribution

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Arteries* ; Humans

Effects of a M1 receptor antagonist, pirenzepine, a M2 receptor antagonist, AF-DX116, and a nicotinic receptor antagonist, mecamylamine on the pressor responses to preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation(PNS) and McN-A-343 and DMPP in spinal(pithed) rabbits were investigated in order to elucidate a functional role of M1, M2 and nicotinic receptors in ganglionic transmission. Pirenzepine and AF-DX116 selectively inhibited the McN-A-343-induced pressor reponse in chlorisondamine-treated rabbit and the BCh-induced bradycardia, respectively. Electrical stimulations of preganglionic sympathetic outflow at T8 level produced increases in blood pressure. Pirenzepine(3 microgram/kg) significantly inhibited the PNS-induced pressor response and the degree of inhibition was not changed by increasing the doses to 100 microgram/kg. AF-DX116(100 microgram/kg) had no effect on the PNS-induced pressor response. Mecamylamine inhibited the PNS-induced pressor response in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory action of mecamylamine was significantly augmented by combined-treatment with pirenzepine(30 microgram/kg) but AF-DX116(100 microgram/kg) did not affect the inhibitory action of mecamylamine. McN-A-343 and DMPP elicited pressor response in the spinal rabbit. Pirenzepine and AF-DX116 dose-dependently inhibited the McN-A-343-induced pressor response but they did not affect DMPP-induced pressor response. Mecamylamine inhibited both pressor responses induced by Mc-N-343- and DMPP. These results suggest that not only nicotinic receptors but also M1 receptors play a facilitatory role in ganglionic transmission but M2 receptors do not contribute the transmission in spinal(pithed) rabbits.
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide ; Electric Stimulation ; Ganglia, Sympathetic* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Mecamylamine ; Pirenzepine ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Nicotinic*

Twenty seven cases(1.7%) of traumatic intracerebral hematoma among in-patients of head injury had been operated in the Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam University Hospital from June, 1973 to May, 1978. We attempted to analyse these cases clinically and discussed with the review of the literature. The results were summarized as follows: In the age and sex distribution, the common incidence of age was between third and fifth decade and 25 cases were male and 2 female. 2) The most common cause of trauma was traffic accident(13 cases:48.2%) and others were pedestrian(7 cases:25.9%), fall(5 cases:18.5%) and direct blow(2 cases:7.4%). 3) 3 types of the course of consciousness from accident to admission were unconscious to lucid to unconscious(13 cases), unconscious throughout(13 cases) and lucid throughout(1 case). There were no relationship between the course of consciousness and the site of the lesion. 4) The site of impact of the original blow on the head were almost the lateral blows(23 cases), while axial ones were only 4 cases(include one unknown case). The intracerebral hematoma tended to be caused more often by contre-coup injuries(21 cases) rather than by coup one(6 cases). 5) There were 14 hematomas in the temporal lobe(51.9%), 11 in the frontal lobe(40.7%) and 2 in the fronto-temporal lobe(7.4%). Among the 27 cases, only 6 cases were simple intracerebral hematomas, 16 cases were associated with subdural hematomas and 5 cases with epidural hematomas. 6) On the neurological findings, anisocoria was noted in 22 cases(81.5%), hemiparesis in 21 cases(78.0%), aphasia in 5 cases(15.0%) and decerebrate rigidity in 7 cases(26.0%). 7) Cerebral angiography disclosed specific findings due to the location and pathogenesis of hematoma;The angiographic evidence of intracerebral hematoma in the frontal lobe was quite same with the tumor in this site. The intracerebral hematoma in the temporal lobe showed displacement of middle cerebral artery with or without shifting of anterior cerebral artery to opposite side. 8) In all of cases, the osteoplastic craniotomy had been performed and the hematoma contents were evacuated through the puncture or the cortical incision. The mortality rate was 29.6%.
Anisocoria ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Aphasia ; Cerebral Angiography ; Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Craniotomy ; Decerebrate State ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Hematoma* ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Paresis ; Punctures ; Sex Distribution ; Temporal Lobe

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR imaging findings of chondrosarcomas by correlation with pathologic classificationand grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR imaging-pathologic correlation of nineteen chondrosarcomas. Conventional chondrosarcomas accounted for 15 cases (grade I : 6, II : 6, III : 3) and the mesenchymal and dedifferentiated types each accounted for two. MR signal intensity (SI) of the tumor on T1- and T2-weighted images(T1WI and T2WI, respectively), was classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous low-, iso- or high SI, and enhancing pattern as marginal, marginal and septal, marginal and nodular, or diffuse enhancement. RESULTS: Eighteen cases of chondrosarcomas (95%) showed homogeneous or heterogeneous low- or iso SI on T1WI and high SI on T2WI. Low gradeconventional chondrosarcomas showed marginal and septal (n=8/10) or marginal (n=2/10) enhancement on Gd-enhanced MR images. Grade III conventional chondrosarcomas showed marginal or marginal and nodular enhancement. Dedifferentiated and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas showed marginal and nodular or diffuse enhancement. CONCLUSION: Chondrosarcomas showed iso- or low SI on T1WI and high SI on T2WI. Marginal and septal enhancement was demonstrated on Gd-enhanced MR images of grade I and II conventional chondrosarcomas. If a tumor showed amarginal and nodular or diffuse enhancing pattern, this suggested it was a of high grade chondrosarcoma.
Chondrosarcoma* ; Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal ; Classification* ; Gadolinium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

No abstract available.
Mitral Valve Stenosis*

PURPOSE: Radiotracers that bind to the central benzodiazepine receptor are useful for the investigation of various neurological and psychiatric diseases. [C-11]Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, is the most widely used radioligand for central benzodiazepine receptor imaging by PET. We synthesized 3-(2-[F- 18]fluoro)flumazenil, a new fluorine-18 (t1/2=110 min) labeled analogue of benzodiazepine receptor imaging agent, and evaluated in vivo for biodistribution in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) was synthesized by a modification of the reported method. Precursor of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil, the tosylated flumazenil derivative was prepared by the tosylation of the ethyl ester by ditosylethane. [F-18] labeling of tosyl substitued flumazenil precursor was performed by adding F-18 ion at 85 degree C in the hot cell for 20 min. The reaction mixture was trapped by C18 cartridge, washed with 10% ethanol, and eluted by 40% ethanol. Bidistribution in mice was determined after intravenous injection. RESULTS: The total chemical yield of tosylated flumazenil derivative was ~40%. The efficiency of labeling 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil was 66% with a total synthesis time of 50 min. Brain uptakes of 3-(2-[F-18]fluoro)flumazenil at 10, 30, 60 min after injection, were 2.5+/-0.37, 2.2+/-0.26, 2.1+/-0.11 and blood activities were 3.7+/-0.43, 3.3+/-0.07, 3.3+/-0.09%ID/g, respectively. CONCLUSION: We synthesized a tosylated flumazenil derivative which was successfully labeled with no-carrier-added F-18 by nucleophilic substitution.
Animals ; Benzodiazepines* ; Brain ; Ethanol ; Flumazenil* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Mice ; Receptors, GABA-A*

PURPOSE: To evaluate MR imaging findings of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL) in the cervicalspine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, simple radiography(n=34), CT(n=9), and MRI(n=11) of 34 patients with OPLL were reviewed. We evaluated the number of involved vertebral segment, morphologic type of lesions onaxial and sagittal imaging, spinal canal narrowing on the involved intervertebral disk level, intervertebral for aminal narrowing, relationship between spinal cord compression and morphologic type, and signal intensity onMRI. RESULTS: Average number of involved vertebral segment was 2.65(90/34). Most commonly involved vertebrallevel was C3--C4. On sagittal image, the lesions were classified to be continuous type(n=15), segmental type(n=7),mixed type(n=4), and circumscribed type(n=7). The most common type was continuous one(42%). On axial image, the lesions were classified to square type(n=13), mushroom type(n=18), hill type(n=13). The most common type was mushroom one(41%). Forty-five percent(20/44) showed spinal stenosis which exceeded 25% of anteroposterior diameter of spinal canal. Twenty-three percent(19/81) of the case showed intervertebral foraminal narrowing. T1- and T2-weighted MRI showed low signal intensity in every 11 case. Two cases showed focal high signal intensity within lowsinal intensity lesion on T1 weighted images. CONCLUSIONS: The ossified lesion of OPLL could be evaluated with simple radiography and CT. MRI displayed spinal cord compresion, intervertebral foraminal narrowing, and associated vertebral disease which maybe useful in preoperative evaluation of symptomatic patients.
Agaricales ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Longitudinal Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine*