Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Salmonella Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium

Animals ; Environmental Microbiology ; Humans ; Malaysia ; Molecular Typing ; methods ; Salmonella Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Salmonella enterica ; classification ; genetics

The septicemia caused by the Arizona group organism is rare and usually observed in adults with underlying diseases. In Korea, Salmonella infection is common, but a report of Arizona infection is unknown. We isolated S. entercia subsp. diarizonae from blood of a 6-month-old infant. The serovar was determined as 28:z10:-, a rare one in America. The isolate was susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and others. The patient rapidly recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. Clinical laboratories should consider that the infection exists in Korea and should attempt to isolate and identify Arizona organism in certain patients.
Bacteremia/*microbiology ; Case Report ; Enteritis/*microbiology ; Human ; Infant ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; *Salmonella Infections ; *Salmonella arizonae

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is an important commensal microorganism. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological relation between NTS isolates from livestock and NTS isolates from human by analyzing antimicrobial susceptibilities and performing molecular typing. We determined the serotypes of 36 human clinical isolates and 64 livestock isolates, performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 8 antibiotics, and determined the molecular types of isolated NTS spp. by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In human isolates, S. enteritidis was the most common serotype (17 isolates; 47.2%) and S. typhimurium the second most (8 isolates; 22.2%). In livestock isolates, S. typhimurium was the most common serotype (15 isolates; 23.44%), and S. enteritidis was the second most (14 isolates; 21.88%). Ampicillin and tetracycline resistance were 50% (32/64 isolates) each among broiler-chicken NTS isolates. No human or livestock NTS isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, TMP-SMX, or ceftriaxone. However, 19.4% (7/36) and 46.8% (30/64) of the human and livestock NTS isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC > or =16 mg/mL), respectively. The presence of the three identical PFGE molecular types from human and broiler-chicken NTS isolates suggests the possibility of transmission from livestock to humans.
Adult ; Animals ; Chickens ; Cluster Analysis ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Salmonella enteritidis/metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/*metabolism ; Serotyping

Salmonella enterica has been one of the most widespread foodborne pathogens in Korea. Between 1998 and 2007, a total of 9,472 Salmonella isolates were identified from foodborne and waterborne illness patients. During that time, Korea was transitioning into a developed country in industry as well as in its hygiene system. Although the isolation number of total Salmonella including serovar Typhi has decreased since 1999, the isolation of rare Salmonella serovars has emerged. Three most prevalent serovars during 1998-2007 were S. enterica Typhi, S. enterica Enteritidis, and S. enterica Typhimurium. There were remarkable outbreaks caused by rare serovars such as S. enterica Othmarschen, S. enterica London and S. enterica Paratyphi A, and overseas traveler-associated infections caused by S. enterica Weltevreden and S. enterica Anatum. Salmonella serovars from overseas travelers made a diverse Salmonella serovar pool in Korea. This study is the first review of the status of the human Salmonella infection trend in a developing country during 1998-2007. Newly emerging rare Salmonella serovars should be traced and investigated to control new type pathogens in the developed world.
Food Microbiology ; Humans ; Republic of Korea ; Salmonella/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections/epidemiology/etiology/*microbiology ; Serotyping ; Water Microbiology

To evaluate the degree of competitive exclusion against Salmonella gallinarum(S. gallinarum) of Salmonella enteritidis(S. enteritidis) infected chickens, fifty-six, 4-week old Hyline layer suspected of S. enteritidis infection were challenged with S. gallinarum. All chickens were tested for S. enteritidis isolation using cloacal swabs and serum plate agglutination test using S. enteritidis Ag. before challenge and classified into four groups(SE isolated, SE nonisolated, SE seropositive and SE seronegative). None of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups died after challenge and the average weight gains were 245.5g and 254.6g, respectively. But in the SE nonisolated and the SE seronegative groups, mortality was 18.2% and 20.6% and the average weight gains were 150.1g and 111.2g. The incidence of reisolation of S. gallinarum of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups were 41.7% and 47.6% from liver, 33.3% and 47.6% from spleen and 8.3% and 14.3% from cecum, respectively, and the SE nonisolated and the SE seronegative group were 63.6% and 64.7% from liver, 84.1% and 88.2% from spleen and 47.7% and 52.9% from cecum. The serological response of the SE isolated and the SE seropositive groups hardly changed from 75.0 and 81.8% before challenge to 75.0 and 85.7% after. But, the other two groups were found to be significantly higher after challenge and increased from 0 and 18.2% to 100%. Consequently, S. enteritidis preinfected chickens were found to be significant different in terms of mortality, weight gain, reisolation of S. gallinarum and serological response compared to noninfected chickens. Moreover, our study shows that S. enteritidis infected chickens appear strong competitive exclusion against the colonization of S. gallinarum.
Animals ; Chickens ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Korea/epidemiology ; Oviposition ; Poultry Diseases/*microbiology ; Salmonella/*classification/*isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*microbiology ; Salmonella enteritidis/*classification/*isolation & purification ; Serotyping ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Cefotaxime/therapeutic use ; Cefotiam/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Salmonella/*isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections/*diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology

Epidemiologic studies were conducted on 31 cases of Salmonella group E infection detected in 2000 through a laboratory-based pathogen surveillance in Gangwon Province, Korea. Data were collected on the environmental exposures and the patients' foods, including the brand (s) of milk consumed before the onset of diarrhea. The patients' medical records were also reviewed. All of the patients were infants under 10 months of age except one 7-year old child. Surprisingly, all of the infants were fed with infant formulas from Company A, although two infants were fed with infant formulas from both Company A and Company B. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed in 25 out of 31 isolates from the patients and in 1 isolate from an opened packet of infant formula collected from the home of an infected infant. All of the 26 isolates were Salmonella enterica serovar London. They showed a single PFGE pattern, and all of the isolates were susceptible to the 18 antibiotics tested. The causative agent of the salmonella outbreaks in the Gangwon Province and its surrounding areas was Salmonella London, and the highly likely source of the infection was infant formula from Company A.
Child ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; *Food Contamination ; Human ; Infant ; *Infant Formula ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology/*transmission ; Salmonella enterica/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification

BACKGROUND: The incidence of reported nontyphoidal Salmonellosis has increased during last decade in Korea. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis are two major serotypes in nontyhoidal Salmonella. To determine the nature of potential outbreak S. typhimurium infection in a community, we retrospectively evaluated clinical and epidemiologic features of S. typhimurium infections and performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) to investigate a genetic relatedness of S. typhimurium isolated in Guro Hospital. METHODS: From May 1998 to April 1999, a total of 20 S. typhimurium strains were isolated from 18 patients. PFGE patterns were analyzed for 20 S. typhimurium strains Clinical and epidemiological features were evaluated from their medical records. RESULTS: Seventy two percent(13/18) were acute gastroenteritis, and 11 %(2/18) were enteric fever and 16 %(3/18) were intussusception. Seventy eight percent(14 of 18) of patients were six years old or less than. There were two major type(A, B) on PFGE analysis. Eight of 20 strains showed identical PFGE type(A1). Eleven strains were subtypes of A1. One strain showed different type(B). Similarity coefficients between A1 and its subtypes were all over 0.765 and they showed close genetic distance on dendrogrm. Antibiogram of Al eight strains were various. CONCLUSIONS: High genetic relationship among 20 S. typhimurium strains for a year in Guro area indicates that they were possibly originated from one clone and that there might be a common source of infection. More efforts should be directed toward the epidemiological investigation of the cases to detect outbreaks and prevent further spread of the infection.
Clone Cells ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intussusception ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Salmonella enteritidis ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella typhimurium* ; Salmonella* ; Tertiary Care Centers* ; Typhoid Fever

Controlling Salmonella in integrated broiler operation is complicated because there are numerous potential sources of Salmonella contamination, including chicks, feed, rodents, wild poultry operations, and the processing plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of Salmonella through all phases of two integrated broiler operations and to determine the key areas related to the control of all known sources of infection. Two different Salmonella serotypes were observed at integrated broiler chicken company A. S. enteritidis, the predominant company A isolate, was consistently found in the breeder farm, hatcheries, broiler farms, and chicken slaughterhouse. At company B, a total of six different serotypes, S. heidelberg, S. senftenberg, S. enteritidis, S. blockley, S. gallinarum, and S. virchow, were detected. Although S. heidelberg was not found in the broiler farms, it was consistently found in the breeder farm, hatcheries, and chicken slaughterhouse. In addition, S. enteritidis was found in the hatcheries, broiler farm, and chicken slaughterhouse. In order to obtain the genetic clonality, 22 S. enteritidis isolates were digested with XbaI and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrohporesis (PFGE). A difference in the PFGE pattern was found to be related to the origin of the integrated broiler operation. These data support the critical need to control Salmonella in breeder farms and hatcheries, and demonstrate important points related to the control of infection in large-scale poultry operations of Korea.
Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Chickens ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/veterinary ; Female ; Food Microbiology ; Korea/epidemiology ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission ; Salmonella/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/*microbiology/transmission