No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Dental Pellicle ; Saliva ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides* ; Titanium*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of the levels of proteins in parotid saliva, whole saliva and dental plaque fluid with caries susceptibility.

METHODSSixty-six of university students were selected as subjects, 39 in caries-free group (CF, DMFS = 0) and 27 in caries-susceptible group (CS, DMFS >/= 8 and DT >/= 3). Total protein concentration was detected with Lowry method. Protein compositions were separated with SDS-PAGE and alkaline electrophoresis. The gels were analyzed using an image evaluation system.

RESULTSTotal protein level in dental plaque fluid was about 10-fold higher than that in saliva. Whole saliva was closely related to dental plaque fluid in terms of proteins only in CF group (r = 0.804), but there was little relation in CS group. The proteins that occurred in all three fluids were 14 000, 66 000 and 76 000 proteins. The 14 000, 15 000 and 38 000 proteins level in dental plaque fluid and 14 000 protein level in whole saliva were significantly lower in CS group than in CF group.

CONCLUSIONSThe proteins of dental plaque fluid are influenced significantly by whole saliva in CF group. The results suggest some kinds of proteins in dental plaque fluid and in whole saliva might play important roles against caries.

Dental Caries ; etiology ; Dental Plaque ; chemistry ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Proteins ; analysis ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; analysis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal immune-dysfunctional disease worldwide whose prevalence increasing in Asia including China. It is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unknown cause. Exosomes are small vesicles in various body fluids. They have diameters of 40-120 nm, and one of their functions is long-distance transfer of various substances. In this study, we investigated the contents of salivary exosomes in patients with IBD and in healthy controls to explore a new biomarker in patients with IBD. In this study, whole saliva was obtained from patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 37; Crohn's disease (CD), n = 11) and apparently healthy individuals (HC, n = 10). Salivary exosomes were extracted from samples, and the proteins within the exosomes were identified by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that more than 2000 proteins were detected in salivary exosomes from patients with IBD. Through gene ontology analysis, we found that proteasome subunit alpha type 7 (PSMA7) showed especially marked differences between patients with IBD and the healthy controls, in that its expression level was much higher in the CD and UC groups. This exosomal protein is related to proteasome activity and inflammatory responses. So we conclude that in this research, salivary exosomal PSMA7 was present at high levels in salivary exosomes from subjects with IBD. It can be a very promising biomarker to release the patients from the pain of colonoscopy.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; metabolism ; Male ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; metabolism ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; metabolism

This study is aimed to observe the expressions of different genes, including the extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and transcription factors during different developmental stages of mouse submandibular gland. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the antisense inhibition in organ culture system were performed using mouse embryos and newborns. Total 140 mouse embryos (E14(80), E15(20), E16(20), E18(20)) and 30 newborn mice (D2(10), D3(10), D6(10)) obtained from 60 pregnant mice and 3 adult mice (3 weeks old) were used for the cDNA production and the salivary gland organ culture. Syndecan, perlecan, laminin alpha1 chain, TGF beta1, beta 3, and sonic hedgehog mRNAs were expressed in the early stage (E14~E16) of the submandibular gland development, whereas transglutaminase C (TGase C), E-cadherin, epimorphin, laminin beta2 and gamma1 chains, and HGF mRNAs were expressed in the middle and late stages (E16~E18, D2~D6). Antisense inhibition of different genes in the organ culture of E14 mouse embryos of submandibular gland showed specific growth retardation in the development of ductal and acinar cells. Especially, the antisense inhibition of perlecan, E-cadherin, laminin alpha1 chain, laminin beta2 chain, and syndecan mRNA arrested the growth of ductal and acinar cells. While the antisense inhibition of integrin beta5 greatly affected the acinar cell differentiation and also produced cystic dilatation of salivary ducts, the antisense inhibition of fibronectin showed aberrant growth of ectomesenchymal tissues of the mouse submandibular gland.
Acinar Cells ; Adult ; Animals ; Cadherins ; Dilatation ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryonic Structures ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Fibronectins ; Gene Expression* ; Hedgehogs ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Laminin ; Mice* ; Organ Culture Techniques* ; RNA, Messenger ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Glands ; Submandibular Gland* ; Syndecans ; Transcription Factors

Adherence of Candida albicans(C. albicans) to the surface of a denture is believed to be an initial and essential step in the formation of denture-induced stomatitis. Previous studies have provided enormous infomation on the relationship between composition of palatine gland/parotid saliva and upper denture stomatitis. Relatively little information is available on the correlation between lower denture stomatitis and sublingual-submandibular(SLSM) saliva. The plaque samples were collected from the two sites(100mm2) on the inner surface of lower partial denture corresponding to the stomatitis and healthy region of the lower partial dentures of 12 denture stomatitis patients and 6 normal persons who wore lower partial dentures. The samples were plated to isolate C. albicans on a selective Saboraud's dextrose agar plate and the isolates were identified by germ tube test and gram staining. The subjects were divided into group I (stomatitis with C. albican), group II (lesion without C. albicans), group III (no lesion but C. albicans), and group IV (normal and healthy denture wearer). Individual SLSM saliva (20microgram of protein) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE(SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis) with Coomassie brilliant blue and PAS(Periodic Acid Schiff) staining. The salivary proteins separated in the polyacryamide gels were subjected to immunoblot analysis using anti-lactoferrin, anti-sIgA, and anti-secretory component of sIgA. In this study using custom made acrylic denture resin beads(5mm in diameter) coated with stimulated individual SLSM saliva, the binding ability of individual C. albicans strains to the beads was observed. Levels of C. albicans adhered to the acrylic resin beads were determined by measuring the optical density of the bound C. albicans to the beads at 580nm. The results showed that a higher number of C. albicans was observed in the lesion site than health site. The saliva of group I contained more high molecular weight glycoprotein(mucin, MG1) as compared to group II, III, and IV. And lactoferrin and sIgA affected to the binding ability of C. albicans to acylic resin beads. Binding ability of individual C. albicans to the acrylic resin coated with respective individual saliva was found to be greater in group I than the other 3 groups. And when bound cells of C. albicans isolated from individual subject #2 to the saliva coated beads were used, binding ability of subject #2 saliva coated beads was founed to be greater than the other subjects. These results suggested that denture induced stomatitis is related to individual patient's salivary protein composition, especially MG-1. Future studies will be directed toward saliva examination of patients who have general disease and analysis of pellicles formed on prosthesis with respect to oral disease.
Agar ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Denture, Partial ; Dentures* ; Gels ; Glucose ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Lactoferrin ; Molecular Weight ; Prostheses and Implants ; Saliva ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; Stomatitis ; Stomatitis, Denture*

There is a need recognized by the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research and the National Cancer Institute to advance basic, translational and clinical saliva research. The goal of the Salivaomics Knowledge Base (SKB) is to create a data management system and web resource constructed to support human salivaomics research. To maximize the utility of the SKB for retrieval,integration and analysis of data, we have developed the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart. This article reviews the informatics advances in saliva diagnostics made possible by the Saliva Ontology and SDxMart.
Biomarkers ; chemistry ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Databases, Protein ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Proteomics ; methods ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; chemistry ; classification ; physiology

Salivary glands provide saliva to maintain oral health, and a loss of salivary gland function substantially decreases quality-of-life. Understanding the biological mechanisms that generate salivary glands during embryonic development may identify novel ways to regenerate function or design artificial salivary glands. This review article summarizes current research on the process of branching morphogenesis of salivary glands, which creates gland structure during development. We highlight exciting new advances and opportunities in studies of cell-cell interactions, mechanical forces, growth factors, and gene expression patterns to improve our understanding of this important process.
Animals ; Cell Communication ; physiology ; Embryonic Development ; physiology ; Epithelium ; embryology ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; physiology ; Morphogenesis ; physiology ; Salivary Glands ; embryology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of reserpine (RSP) for changing salivary protein secretion in Pi-deficient rats and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSTwenty rats allocated in the RSP group were given subcutaneous injection of RSP [0.4 mg/(kg x d)] for 9 successive days, while the other 20 rats in the control group were injected with same volume of saline instead. On the 10th day, ten rats randomly selected from each group were subjected for extracting saliva to detect salivary amylase activity (sAA) before and after an acid stimulation; and drawing blood from the orbital vein to measure the contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Then they were sacrificed and their parotids were taken out for pathological examination with HE staining, as well as for VIP and cAMP measuring, and zymogen granules counting under a transmission electron microscope. The remainder animals were stopped injecting and normally fed to 40 days, then subjected to be detected as above-mentioned.

RESULTSFood intake and body weight reduction were more significantly in the RSP group than in the control group. On the 10th day, the ratio of sAA before/after stimulation in the RSP group was 0.39 +/- 0.18, significantly lower than that in the control group (0.80 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01), but it was restored rapidly, reaching the normal range on the 25th day, on the 40th day, it became significantly different to the level on the 10th day (P < 0.05) and approached the level in the control group (P > 0.05). No significant pathological change of parotid was found in both groups; but the number of zymogen granules in the RSP group was remarkably more than that in the control group (41.4 +/- 4.9 vs 34.6 +/- 5.2, P < 0.01). Serum level of VIP in the RSP group was significantly less while that of cAMP was higher than that in the control group (22.5 +/- 13.1 mg/L vs 38.5 +/- 14.1 mg/L, and 125.8 +/- 15.5 micromol/L vs 105.3 +/- 16.7 micromol/L, both P < 0.05), but no inter-group difference was found in parotid tissue contents of both VIP and cAMP. All the indices detected became equivalent in the two groups on the 40th day.

CONCLUSIONThe reduction of salivary protein in Pi-deficient rats induced by RSP may be related to the regulatory pathway of VIP and cAMP.

Animals ; Cyclic AMP ; blood ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reserpine ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; metabolism ; Salivation ; drug effects ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme in saliva and dental caries in primary dentition among Chinese children.

METHODSForty children with high dmft score (dmft > or = 5) and 40 caries-free children (dmft = 0) were sampled and assigned into two groups. Total salivary proteins was measured by means of bicinchoninic acid. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to analyze the images of target straps. Lactoferrin and lysozyme were detected using Western blotting method.

RESULTSThe total salivary protein in high dmft group [(852.02 +/- 206.14) mg/L] was lower than that of caries-free group [(1032.44 +/- 221.99) mg/L, P < 0.001]. The ratio of 77,000 protein in high dmft group [(12.50 +/- 7.73) IA/microg] was significantly higher than that of the caries-free children [(8.71 +/- 4.28) IA/microg, P = 0.009], while there was no significant difference for 14,500 protein between them (P = 0.137). The ratio of lactoferrin was higher in high dmft group [(229.04 +/- 197.14) IA/microg] than that in caries-free children [(144.07 +/- 99.91) IA/microg, P = 0.018], while no significant difference for lysozyme between the two groups (P = 0.091).

CONCLUSIONSSaliva protein is closely related to caries in primary dentition. Lactoferrin may be one of the important components.

Case-Control Studies ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; metabolism ; Male ; Muramidase ; metabolism ; Prevalence ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVEThis study was intended to determine the salivary protein factors related to adult periodonititis.

METHODSTwenty-five patients with adult periodontitis (AP group) and twenty-five normal controls (NC group, 25) were adopted in the study. Salivary protein composition in unstimulated whole saliva samples obtained before and after basic treatment was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.

RESULTSThe volume of proteins with 66 kD, 18 kD, 15 kD, 13 kD in AP group before treatment were all remarkably higher than those in NC group. In addition, 51 kD, 34 kD, 19 kD, 17 kD protein bands were more frequently observed in AP group by comparison with NC group. However, after initial therapy, all the variables mentioned above decreased remarkably.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that protein bands with 18 kD, 15 kD, 13 kD might be closely related to the occurrence and recovery of periodontitis, and serum-derived proteins in saliva increased in patients with adult periodontitis.

Adult ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontitis ; metabolism ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; analysis ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate