No abstract available.
Animal ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Feedback/physiology ; Ligases/metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Salivary Ducts/physiology* ; Salivary Ducts/cytology ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/metabolism* ; Submandibular Gland/physiology* ; Submandibular Gland/cytology

Mosquitoes secrete saliva that contains biological substances, including anticoagulants that counteract a host's hemostatic response and prevent blood clotting during blood feeding. This study aimed to detect heparin, an anticoagulant in Aedes togoi using an immunohistochemical detection method, in the salivary canal, salivary gland, and midgut of male and female mosquitoes. Comparisons showed that female mosquitoes contained higher concentrations of heparin than male mosquitoes. On average, the level of heparin was higher in blood-fed female mosquitoes than in non-blood-fed female mosquitoes. Heparin concentrations were higher in the midgut than in the salivary gland. This indicates presence of heparin in tissues of A. togoi.
Aedes/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anticoagulants/*isolation & purification ; Blood Coagulation/physiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism ; Heparin/*isolation & purification ; Male ; Salivary Ducts/metabolism ; Salivary Glands/*metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on the proliferation of duct epithelial cells of human salivary gland (HSG).

METHODSThe expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 were studied in 11 cases of parotid cytomegalic inclusive disease (PCID) using immunohistochemical staining method. The effects of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on the proliferation of HSG were investigated by MTT method in vitro. The expression of PCNA in HSG infected by HCMV was examined using immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting.

RESULTSPCNA was expressed weakly in most of megalic inclusion cells which were positive for HCMV, while all the megalic inclusion cells were p53 negative in all 11 cases of PCID. HCMV inhibited proliferation of HSG in vitro in a time dependent and dose dependent manner. Down-regulation of PCNA was shown in infected cells.

CONCLUSIONHCMV inhibits proliferation of HSG and down-regulation of PCNA may be an expression of the inhibition.

Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; genetics ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parotid Gland ; pathology ; virology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Salivary Ducts ; pathology ; virology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis

Xerostomia is a severe side effect of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. To date, no satisfactory treatment option has been established. Because mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment modality, we aimed to evaluate stem cell distribution following intravenous and intraglandular injections using a surgical model of salivary gland damage and to analyse the effects of MSC injections on the recruitment of immune cells. The submandibular gland ducts of rats were surgically ligated. Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were injected intravenously and intraglandularly. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the organs of interest were analysed for stem cell recruitment. Inflammation was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. We were able to demonstrate that, after intravenous injection, MSCs were recruited to normal and damaged submandibular glands on days 1, 3 and 7. Unexpectedly, stem cells were recruited to ligated and non-ligated glands in a comparable manner. After intraglandular injection of MSCs into ligated glands, the presence of MSCs, leucocytes and macrophages was enhanced, compared to intravenous injection of stem cells. Our data suggest that injected MSCs were retained within the inflamed glands, could become activated and subsequently recruited leucocytes to the sites of tissue damage.
Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming ; immunology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Movement ; physiology ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Clone Cells ; physiology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intralesional ; Injections, Intravenous ; Leukocytes ; pathology ; Macrophages ; pathology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; Necrosis ; Rats, Wistar ; Salivary Ducts ; pathology ; Sialadenitis ; pathology ; therapy ; Simian virus 40 ; immunology ; Submandibular Gland ; pathology ; Submandibular Gland Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of HCMV infection on phenotypes of parotid duct epithelial cells and relative mechanisms.

METHODSThe expressions of immediate early antigen of HCMV, pan cytokeratin and cathepsin D etc. were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissues of parotid cytomegalic inclusion disease.

RESULTSCytokeratin which acts as an epithelial marker became negative while staining of Cathepsin D was intensified in parotid duct epithelial cells after infected by HCMV.

CONCLUSIONIt demonstrated that cytokeratin was lost through over-expression of Cathepsin D in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cathepsin D ; analysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Desmin ; analysis ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Salivary Ducts ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Vimentin ; analysis