BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Salicylates are well-known for producing reversible hearing loss and tinnitus. However, the site and mechanism of salicylate ototoxicity remain unresolved. Recent experiments suggest that reversible biochemical and/or metabolic changes in the cochlea seem to play an important role in salicylate ototoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the site of lesion in salicylate ototoxicity by audiometric study. MATERIALS AND METHOD: ABRs and DPOAEs were observed after intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg of sodium salicylate on 24 ears of guinea pigs. RESULTS: Salicylate produced a significant increase in the ABR threshold. Maximum changes were obtained in 4 hours, and recovered to the baseline in 24 hours after salicylate administration. The pattern of hearing loss shown by latency-intensity function was compatible with the cochlear type of hearing loss. The echo amplitude on DPOAEs at f2=2002, 4004 Hz was significantly decreased at 2, 4, 6, 8 hours, and returned to the baseline in 24 hours after salicylate administration. The time course of the change of DPOAEs was parallel with that of ABRs. CONCLUSION: These results reflect that the cochlear outer hair cells may be the main site of lesion in salicylate ototoxicity.
Animals ; Audiometry ; Cochlea ; Ear ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Hair ; Hearing Loss ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Salicylates ; Sodium Salicylate ; Tinnitus

Salicylates, such as aspirin, are considered the most commonly used medicine in Korea for its anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties. In spite of its wide range of benefits, aspirin produces unwanted adverse effects such as mucosal bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, renal and hepatic dysfunction, Reye's syndrome in children, and hypersensitivity reactions, etc. Aspirin can also induce ototoxicity, such as reversible hearing loss and tinnitus. The pattern of hearing loss is typically mild to moderate and bilaterally flat in the absence of preexisting hearing loss. Hearing usually recovers in 72 hours after medication. However, it's rare that salicylate-induced ototoxicity are encountered. So we present this case of bilateral hearing loss that occurred after salicylate intoxication with a review of relevant literature.
Aspirin ; Child ; Ear, Inner ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Bilateral ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Reye Syndrome ; Salicylates ; Sodium Salicylate ; Tinnitus

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate a comparison of implant bone bed preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and conventional drills on the relationship between implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and implant insertion variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty implants were inserted into two different types of pig rib bone. One group was prepared with conventional drills and a total of 20 implants were inserted into type I and type II bone. The other group was prepared with a Er,Cr:YSGG laser and a total of 20 implants were inserted into type I and type II bone. ISQ, maximum insertion torque, angular momentum, and insertion torque energy values were measured. RESULTS: The mean values for variables were significantly higher in type I bone than in type II bone (P < .01). In type I bone, the ISQ values in the drill group were significantly higher than in the laser group (P < .05). In type II bone, the ISQ values in the laser group were significantly higher than in the drill group (P < .01). In both type I and type II bone, the maximum insertion torque, total energy, and total angular momentum values between the drill and laser groups did not differ significantly (P > or = .05). The ISQ values were correlated with maximum insertion torque (P < .01, r = .731), total energy (P < .01, r = .696), and angular momentum (P < .01, r = .696). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the effects of bone bed preparation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the relationship between implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and implant insertion variables were comparable to those of drilling.
Mandrillus ; Ribs ; Salicylates ; Torque

No abstract available.
Cephalosporins* ; Pneumonia* ; Salicylates*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Infliximab was introduced recently as a rescue therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients refractory to conventional treatments such as therapy with 5-amiono salicylic acids (5-ASA), immune modulators, and corticosteroids. However, there is insufficient data about its efficacy and safety in Korea. METHODS: From 7 tertiary referral hospitals, 33 patients who were treated with infliximab for moderate to severe (Mayo score 6-12) UC refractory to conventional treatment were recruited to this study. Clinical remission was defined as a total Mayo score of 2 or lower and every subscore less than 2. Partial response was defined as a decrease of Mayo score at least 3 points from baseline. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (69.7%) showed clinical remission and 29 patients (87.8%) showed partial response in the observation period. When the remission and non-remission groups were compared in univariate analysis, only a higher total Mayo score at base line (11.0+/-0.9 vs. 9.9+/-1.5; P=0.04) was related to remission. The remission maintenance rate decreased with time in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Two patients experienced re-remission after the first remission followed by aggravation during infliximab treatment. Three patients stopped infliximab treatment owing to adverse events including rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, and fever of unknown origin. CONCLUSIONS: If there is no choice except surgery for UC patients refractory to conventional treatment, infliximab is an effective and relatively safe treatment option for these patients in Korea.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Fever of Unknown Origin ; Humans ; Infliximab ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Korea ; Pneumonia ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Salicylates ; Salicylic Acid ; Tertiary Care Centers

AIMTo develop a method for separating salicylic acid drugs by aqueous and nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with conductance detector.

METHODSFused-silica capillary (55 cm x 50 microns ID) was used. The effects of concentration and pH of the running buffer, running voltage and injection time were studied. Salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) can be separated in a 10 mmol.L-1 Tris-30 mmol.L-1 H3BO3 buffer (pH 8.0), the separation voltage and injection time were 24 kV and 10 s, respectively. But tailing peaks appeared. In order to improve the separation efficiency and the sensitivity, ethanol was used as nonaqueous solvent.

RESULTSHigh sensitivity and resolution for SA, ASA and SSA were obtained in ethanol media, and there was excellent linearity between peak area and concentration of the analytes in the concentration range of 0.05-100 mg.L-1, 5.0-250 mg.L-1 and 0.08-100 mg.L-1 for SA, ASA and SSA, respectively. All the correlation coefficients were over 0.995.

CONCLUSIONThe analysis of SA and ASA in aspirin tablets was tried and good results were obtained in ethanol media. There was higher sensitivity and separation efficiency than in aqueous media.

Aspirin ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Benzenesulfonates ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Ethanol ; Salicylates ; isolation & purification ; Salicylic Acid ; isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tablets ; Water

Fixed drug eruption normally presents as single or multiple sharply demarcated erythematous lesions that recur at the same location upon re-exposure to the offending agent. When the acute inflammation subsides, it often leaves residual hyperpigmentation. Commonly implicated substances are phenolphthalein, barbiturates, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, salicylates, gold and pyrazolone derivatives. Despite frequent use of acetaminophen, drug eruptions, especially fixed drug eruptions, due to acetaminophen are extrernely rare. We report here a childhood case of fixed drug eruption caused by acetaminophen, which is extensively used as an over-the-counter drug, as well as in medical therapy.
Acetaminophen* ; Barbiturates ; Drug Eruptions* ; Hyperpigmentation ; Inflammation ; Phenolphthalein ; Salicylates ; Sulfonamides ; Tetracyclines

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The application of a simple, clinically applicable noninvasive test to assess implant stability are considered highly desirable. So far there is still a controversy about correlation of various tests and implant stability. PURPOSE: In order to assess implant stability, the development of a new method is critical. It' s possible to assess implant stability by calculating energy and angular momentum during implant installation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of energy and implant stability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty three implants were installed in two different types of pig bone. Type I bone was retrieved from the distal aspect of the rib, with more cortical bone. Type II bone came from a more proximal region with less cortical components and a higher content of bone marrow and spongeous trabeculae. Insertion torque, removal torque, ISQ values and angular momentum and energy were measured. Pearson Correlation test was done to analyze the relation between RFA, maximum insertion torque, mean insertion torque, bone type, energy and removal torque. RESULTS: Type I bone showed higher removal torque than type II bone. Energy value was significantly correlated with maximum insertion torque and mean insertion torque. RFA values were related with insertion torques but the significance was lower than Energy value. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study energy values were considered clinically predictable method to measure the implant stability.
Bone Marrow ; Dental Implants ; Porphyrins ; Ribs ; Salicylates ; Torque

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of nocturnal dip influence on the progression of glaucomatous visual field defect. METHODS: We performed 24hr ABPM and V/F tests on patients diagnosed with NTG (140 patients, 280 eyes) and POAG (84 patients, 168 eyes). Nocturnal dips below 10% were classified as non-dippers, and those above 10% were noted as dippers. The correlations among nocturnal dip, progression of glaucomatous visual field defect, and hypertension treatment were examined. RESULTS: In NTG, dippers in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure furthered glaucomatous visual field defects, with a relative risk of approximately three times that of non-dippers. Hypertension treatment was not influenced by the progression of glaucomatous visual field defect but was influenced by dips in the systolic and diastolic pressures in NTG and in diastolic pressure in POAG. Nocturnal dips were more frequent in the group with progression of the visual field compared to those in the group with non-progression of the visual field in NTG. CONCLUSIONS: Dipper caused a progression of glaucomatous visual field defects in NTG and was influenced by hypertension treatment in NTG and POAG. Performing 24hr ABPM should be helpful for glaucoma patients with progression of a glaucomatous visual field defect even when the IOP is less than the target pressure. In addition, hypertension treatment should be considered an important factor in the treatment of glaucoma.
Blood Pressure ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Salicylates ; Visual Fields

Ginkgo biloba has a very high medicinal value. The flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones contained in G. biloba extract (GBE) have such pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation and memory improvement, enhancement of immune function. However, the ginkgolic acid (GA) contained in GBE is proved to be highly allergenic and cytotoxic, even minimal residual could also cause severe adverse effects. To minimize the potential safety hazards of ginkgo leaf preparations, this study focuses on GA's chemical structure, adverse effects, toxicity and genesis mechanism, desorption and attenuation in the hope of providing a new thought for studies on safety of Ginkgo biloba preparations.
Animals ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Salicylates ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; toxicity