Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of compound Xianzhuliye combined with compound ipratropium bromide in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods:160 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who received treatment in Zhejiang Putuo Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either routine treatment combined with compound ipratropium bromide (control group, n = 80) or routine treatment, compound ipratropium bromide and compound Xianzhuliye in combination (observation group, n = 80) for 14 successive days. Curative effects, blood gas analysis indexes (arterial partial pressure of oxygen, oxygenation index and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide), respiratory mechanics indexes (peak airway pressure, airway resistance and mean airway pressure), changes in lung function [percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1%), FEV 1/forced vital capacity], inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin) before and after treatment were compared between the control and observation groups. Results:Total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [90.00% vs. 76.25%, χ2 = 5.391, P < 0.05]. After treatment, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index in the observation group were (62.17 ± 6.19) mmHg and (258.83 ± 25.45) mmHg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(53.86 ± 5.46) mmHg, (210.93 ± 23.12) mmHg, t = 9.005, 12.460, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(46.89 ± 5.25) mmHg vs. (57.12 ± 4.12) mmHg, t = 13.711, P < 0.05]. After treatment, peak airway pressure in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(37.87 ± 3.25) cmH 2O vs. (30.82 ± 4.26) cmH 2O, t = 11.768, P < 0.05]. After treatment, airway resistance and mean airway pressure in the observation group were (6.75 ± 1.82) cm H 2O/L/s and (7.34 ± 1.30) cm H 2O, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(9.82 ± 2.10) cm H 2O/L/s and (9.12 ± 1.23) cm H 2O, t = 9.881, 8.896, both P < 0.05). After treatment, FEV 1%, FEV 1/ forced vital capacity in the observation group were (67.31 ± 4.56)% and (61.23 ± 3.67)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(58.98 ± 3.67)%, (52.18 ± 4.68)%, t = 12.729, 13.610, both P < 0.05). After treatment, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and procalcitonin in the observation group were (8.86 ± 1.53) mg/L, (65.87 ± 12.90) ng/L and (0.15 ± 0.04) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(19.90 ± 3.56) mg/L, (109.32 ± 19.76) ng/L and (0.34 ± 0.07) μg/L, t = 25.484, 16.469, 21.079, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compound Xianzhuliye combined with compound ipratropium bromide in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can acquire good clinical curative effects through improving blood gas analysis indexes, respiratory mechanics indexes and lung function, and reduce inflammatory reactions.