BACKGROUND: Natural killer (NK) cells are CD3 (-) CD14 (-) CD56 (+) lymphocytes. They play an important role in the body's innate immune response. They can induce spontaneous killing of cancer cells or virus-infected cells via the Fas/Fas ligand or the granzyme/perforin systems. The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is an important regulator for the body's stress response. It promotes proliferation and migration of various cancer cells through the CRH type 1 receptor under stress, and also inhibits NK or T cell activity. However, the relationship of CRH and NK cell migration to the target has not been confirmed. Herein, we study the effect of CRH on NK cell migration. METHODS: We used the human NK cell line, NK-92MI, and tested the expression of CRH receptor type 1 on NK-92MI by RT-PCR. This was to examine the effect of CRH on tumor and NK cell migration, thus NK cells (NK-92MI) were incubated with or without CRH and then each CRH treated cell's migration ability compared to that of the CRH untreated group. RESULTS: We confirmed that CRH receptor type 1 is expressed in NK-92MI. CRH can decrease NK cell migration in a time-/dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: These data suggest CRH can inhibit NK cell migration to target cells.
Cell Movement* ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Homicide ; Humans* ; Immunity, Innate ; Killer Cells, Natural* ; Lymphocytes ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

No abstract available.
Breast ; Female ; Mammaplasty

The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was one of the first methods of breast reconstruction described. However, a standard latissimus dorsi flap alone often does not provide sufficient volume for breast reconstruction and has been performed with an implant to achieve adequate breast volume. The design of an extended latissimus dorsi flap has evolved to include the parascapular and scapular fat-fascia extension in addition to lumbar fat for additional volume. The main advantage of the extended latissimus dorsi flap is that it can provide autologous tissue to the reconstructed breast without an implant and with an acceptable donor site contour and scar. The extended latissimus dorsi flap elevation is of dissection in plane just beneath the fascia superficialis, leaving the deep fat attached to the surface of the muscle. The fat left attached to the surface of the muscle is well vascularized by the perforators coming from the muscle itself. Division of the humeral attachment of the muscle is performed for an adequate excursion of the flap. Denervation of the thoracodorsal nerve is recommended for preventing postoperative involuntary muscle contraction. Patients should be warned of the potential donor site seroma. The extended latissimus dorsi flap proved to be a reliable option for totally autologous breast reconstruction in selected patients. The flap is reliable, and the procedure is technically straightforward and consistent.
Breast ; Cicatrix ; Contracts ; Denervation ; Fascia ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Mammaplasty ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscles ; Nitro Compounds ; Seroma ; Tissue Donors

The two important factors of the ear reconstruction are the contour of the cartilage framework and the projection of the auricle. A lot of techniques of the ear reconstruction were developed but recently, two staged method is widely used that is composed of the 1st stage operation of grafting 3-D costal cartilage framework and the 2nd stage operation of the auricular elevation using superficial temporal fascia and skin graft. But, as time goes by after the auricular elevation, the obliteration of the auriculocephalic angle is often produced by the scar formation, the contracture of the skin graft, and the tissue fibrosis. To maintain the projection of the auricle, we used the cartilage block and the resorbable plate composed of polylactic acid copolymer. The polylactic acid copolymer keeps the strength more than 1 year and is absorbed as slowly as 4 years. If the scar contracture and the tissue fibrosis would be made within the time that the resorbable plate is keeping the strength, the deformities from the scar contracture could be minimal. We used the resorbable plates in the surgery of the auricular elevation in eight cases of microtia from December, 2002 to June, 2003. The average duration of follow-up is about 6 months. The contour and the projection were kept well and the aesthetic results were excellent.
Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Ear ; Fascia ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Skin ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Collagen Type I* ; Skin* ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

BACKGROUND: We conducted this clinical study to compare the efficacy and safety between Neuramis Deep and Restylane in the correction of nasolabial folds. METHODS: In this phase III, randomized, multi-center, double-masked, matched-pairs, active-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01585220), we evaluated a total of 67 subjects (n=67). All the subjects underwent Neuramis Deep treatment on one side and Restylane on the contralateral side of the bilateral nasolabial folds at a ratio of 1:1. To compare the efficacy of Neuramis Deep and Restylane, we evaluated the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale scores and those of the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. In addition, we compared the safety of Neuramis Deep and Restylane based on adverse events, physical examination, and clinical laboratory tests. RESULTS: Neuramis Deep was not inferior in improving the nasolabial folds as compared with Restylane. In addition, there was no significant difference in the efficacy between Neuramis Deep and Restylane. There were no significant differences in safety parameters between Neuramis Deep and Restylane. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results indicate that Neuramis Deep may be a safe, effective material for improving the nasolabial folds. However, further studies are warranted to compare the tolerability of Neuramis Deep and Restylane based on histopathologic findings.
Hyaluronic Acid ; Nasolabial Fold* ; Physical Examination