AIM To investigate if scallop (Placopecta magellanicus) skirt glycosaminoglycan (SS-GAG) inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) as heparin does so and to clarify its mechanism. METHODS The inhibitory effects of SS-GAG on the proliferation of rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta VSMC induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were determined by cell counting, crystal violet staining and MTT colorimetry. The effects of SS-GAG on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in VSMC proliferation induced by bFGF were evaluated by immunohistochemical technique (LSAB method) and computer image analysis system. RESULTSSS-GAG exerted antagonistic effects on VSMC proliferation induced by 20% FBS and 50 μg·L-1 bFGF at concentrations ranging from 50 mg·L-1 to 200 mg·L-1 and repressed the increasing expression of PCNA and PDGF. CONCLUSION SS-GAG significantly inhibits the proliferation of VSMC, which may be carried out through repression of PDGF and PCNA expression.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Qianggan capsule in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver.METHODS:28 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly divided into experimental group (n=16) and control group (n=12).Both groups were given basic treatment of hepatoprotective drug for six months.Experimental group were treated with Qianggan capsule additionally.Clinical symptom,hepatic function,the biomarkers of oxidative stess,hepatic fibrosis indicators of 2 groups' before and after treatment were observed as well as liver biopsy.RESULTS:As compared with before treatment,experimental group were improved significantly in respects of GSH-PX,SOD,MDA,HA,PcⅢ,ⅣC,LN,TIMP-1,histopathological score (P

Objective To study the characteristics of the deficits of switching function in video game addicts .Methods A total of 21 game addicts and 21 normal participants were performed a classic task switch task ,then the switching cost between two groups was compared .Results The results showed that the switching cost was significant greater for game addicts (372 ms) than that for health participants(180 ms) ,t=3 .63 ,P<0 .05 .Conclusion The present study suggested that the switching function was impaired to a certain extent for video game addicts ,and it might be one of the cognitive mechanisms for causing the game addicts .

Objective To investigate risk factors of hypertension for urban residents in Zunyi city ,and to provide a useful theo-retical support to the firstly prevention of hypertension in this area .Methods A case-control study was used meanwhile samples were selected by stratified sampling method .chi-square analyse and Logistic regression analyse were used to analyse the data .Re-sults 555 pieces of effective files were collected ,including 326 hypertension files and 229 health files .Single factor analysis showed that 12 factors were meaningful to the morbidity of hypertension in people living in Zunyi city (P< 0 .05) ,Multi-factor uncondi-tioned Logistic regression analysis showed that there were 6 independent factors as age ,hyperlipidemia ,diabetes mellitus ,abdominal obesity ,high salt diet ,family history of hypertension(P<0 .05) .Conclusion In preventing people in Zunyi city from falling to hy-pertension ,ministries might particularly stronger the propaganda and education in people who has those risk factors so that we can control steerable factors on purpose ,and then to prevent complications that may caused by hypertension .

Objective To study the preparation and the in vitro and in vivo release profile of GH-Chitosan-Alginate microcapsules.Methods GH-Chitosan-Alginate microcapsules were prepared through impulsive electrostatic technique.The interrelated factors influencing the diameter and sphericity were studied through orthogonal experiments,and finally the statistic analysis made sure the optimum conditions to prepare microspheres.The morphology and size of the microcapsules were observed,and the content,encapsulation efficiency and recovery efficiency of the microcapsules were measured.Moreover,their in vitro and in vivo release experiments were carried out.Results The results showed that the diameter of needle was the most significant factor to the diameter of microspheres.The optimum conditions for the least diameter of microspheres were 450?m diameter of needle,2cm from needle tips to the gelation surfaee,1.5% alginate concentration,8ml/h speed of flowing-liquid and metal containers.The microcapsules had good sphericity morphology and distribution.The size of the microcapsules was in the range of 10-25?m with an average size of 47.93?m.The encapsulation efficiency and GH-load of the microcapsules were 94% and 11.24% respectively.The release kinetics of microcapsules was studied in false gastric and intestines juice.In false gastric juice,the GH of microcapsules was not released;in false intestines juice,it was released well,and TAM was completely released after about 12h.in vivo release profile made sure that the serum GH level of GH microcapsule group was at the highest value(98.59ng/ml) at 8h.The release profile was fitted well in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.Conclusion GH-Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules have good morphology and sustained release effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of valsartan on the expression of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) in rat glomerular mesangial cells incubated with high concentration of glucose.Methods We used high concentration glucose and valsartan to stimulate the cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells in vitro. The protein expressions of CTGF and the activation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK) and cAMP response element binding protein 1(CREB1) were tested by Western blot. CTGF and fibronectin(FN) mRNA were measured by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein synthesis of lamanin (LN) and type IV collagen in the supernatants of the GMCs were detected by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with low glucose control group,the expression of CTGF,p-P38 MAPK,p-CREB1,CTGF mRNA,FN mRNA,LN and type IV collagen in the supernatants were significantly increased in GMCs incubated with high concentration of glucose medium. The expression levels of CTGF,p-P38 MAPK,p-CREB1,CTGF mRNA and FN mRNA were significantlylower in the valsartan group than those in the high concentration glucose group. The concentrations of LN and type IV collagen in the supernatantsin the valsartan group were also lower than those in the high concentration glucose group. Conclusion Valsartan can inhibit expression of CTGF and ECM proteins in rat glomerular mesangial cells incubated with high concentration of glucose,partly by regulating the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and CREB1.

Objective To systematically review the clinical efficacy of sling exercise therapy(SET)on patients with chronic non-specif-ic low back pain (CNLBP). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCT) about SET for CNLBP were electronically searched in CNKI, VIP,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,The Cochrane Library and Embase from June,2007 to June,2017.After literatures screening, data extraction,quality evaluation and risk assessment,the results of meta-analysis were conducted by RevMan 5.3 software.Results Final-ly, 15 RCTs involving 789 patients were included. SET was better in improving Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score (MD=-1.15, 95% CI[-1.41,-0.90],Z=8.82,P<0.00001)and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index(ODI)score(MD=-1.29,95%CI[-1.80,-0.78],Z=4.94, P<0.00001) than physical therapy, and was better than other exercise therapies in improving the VAS score (MD=-0.94, 95% CI[-1.52,-0.37],Z=3.21,P=0.001)and ODI score(MD=-5.96,95%CI[-9.41,-2.51],Z=3.38,P=0.0007).However,no significant dif-ference was found in improving the NPRS score between SET and other exercise therapies(MD=0.35,95%CI[-0.23,0.93],Z=1.19,P=0.23),nor in improving VAS score between SET and traditional Chinese medical therapies(MD=-5.29,95%CI[-20.27,9.70],Z=0.69,P=0.49).Conclusion SET may play a role in relieving pain and functional limitations in patients with CNLBP.Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies,larger scale and high quality RCTs are needed to verify the aforementioned conclusion.

OBJECTIVEAccurate and reliable assessment of renal function is important in the management of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index of assessing kidney function. For assessment of GFR, both gold standard tests and prediction equations have been used. The well-known 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), the Schwartz formula and the Filler formula are increasingly used in daily clinical practice. However, there are few studies on the applicability of these prediction equations for estimating GFR in Chinese children with CKD. The aim of this study was to compare these prediction equations estimating GFR with an isotope clearance method [isotope glomerular filtration rate (rGFR)] in such patients.

METHODChildren aged 1-16 years who underwent isotope (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) GFR testing (Gates' method) between the year of 2002 and 2005 were studied retrospectively. GFR was estimated using: (1) 24-hour Ccr, which was calculated using the standard formula: [urine creatinine (milligrammes per millilitre) × 24-hour urine volume/serum creatinine (milligrammes per millilitre) × 1440] × [1.73 (m(2))/body surface area (m(2))]; (2) the Schwartz formula, which is: eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) = k × height (centimetres)/serum creatinine (micromoles per litre), where k is 62 in males at 13 years of age and older, 40 in infants, and 49 in all other children; and (3) the Filler formula, which is: logGFR = 1.962 + [1.123 × log(1/Cys C)], where cystatin C is measured in milligrammes per litre. Serum and urinary creatinine levels were detected by alkaline kinetic method. Serum cystatin C was analysed by particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Bias and precision were evaluated.

RESULTThirty subjects (18 males and 12 females; mean age 9.4 years) fulfilling both inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean (SD) rGFR was 81.57 (36.92) ml/min per 1.73 m(2); 18 subjects were in CKD stage I, 8 in CKD stage II, 8 in CKD stage III, and 1 in CKD stage IV. Only the mean 24 h Ccr-eGFR was slightly higher than rGFR (0.4 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) higher). Within 95% limits of agreement, the maximum absolute value of bias was about 50 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Accuracy (estimated GFR values within ± 30% of rGFR) for all formulae was poor, ranging from 23.3% to 43.3%. All formulae overestimate or underestimate rGFR in different CKD stages.

CONCLUSIONIn Chinese children with CKD, there was a significant difference between measured GFR and estimated GFR using 24h Ccr, Schwartz formula and Filler formula. More suitable GFR predictive equations to assess glomerular function of such patients should be developed.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; physiopathology

AIM To study the dynamic changes of color and five constituents during processing of Gardeniae Fructus.METHODS Camera and Adobe Photoshop software were applied to collecting images and obtaining chromatic values (L,a,b) of processed products,respectively.HPLC was adopted in the content determination of genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside,geniposide,crocin-Ⅰ,crocin-Ⅱ,crocin-Ⅲ.Then the correlation between color and constituent contents was investigated by linear regression and partial least squares method.RESULTS With the process of processing,the chromatic values of epicarp and seed pellets expelled showed decreasing trends,especially for that of the former.On the whole,the contents of geniposide,crocin-Ⅰ and crocin-Ⅱ were decreased,while those of genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and crocin-Ⅲ were first increased and then decreased.The chromatic values of epicarp and seed pellets expelled showed significant correlations with crocin-Ⅰ content.CONCLUSION Color and crocin-Ⅰ can be considered as control index and monitoring index during processing of Gardeniae Fructus,respectively.

OBJECTIVETo explore the significance of pelvic hemodynamics as an index in evaluating efficacy of TCM treatment for chronic pelvic inflammation (CPI).

METHODSSixty patients with CPI received treatment with Penyanping, a self-formulated TCM recipe, for 30 days, and the changes of pelvic hemodynamic indexes in them were measured before and after treatment within the 3 - 7 days after menstruation using color Doppler.

RESULTSImprovement of pelvic hemodynamics indexes were shown after treatment in ovarian left arteriopalmus index, bilateral resistance index, maximal speed of left arterial blood flow and score of time-velocity, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPelvic hemodynamic indexes could be taken as one of the objective parameters for evaluating efficacy of TCM treatment of CPI according to principle of activating blood circulation to remove stasis, clearing heat and detoxifying.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Pelvis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Phytotherapy ; Time Factors ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color