Objective: To study the effects of glycosaminoglycan from scallop skirt (SS-GAG) on the formation of foam cells from porcine artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the expression of the total superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity, NO production and the mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis action of SS-GAG. Methods: SMCs were incubated with 15 mg/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) for 72 h to establish a smooth muscle cell-derived foam cell model. In addition, SMC cells were divided into 6 groups:①blank group,②model(Ox-LDL) group, ③Ox-LDL+200 mg/L SS-GAG group,④Ox-LDL+400 mg/L SS-GAG group,⑤Ox-LDL+800 mg/L SS-GAG group, ⑥Ox-LDL+Heparin 100 mg/L group. After 72 h incubation, intracellular total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE) content and CE/TC ratio were measured through enzymatic method. The SOD, GSH-PX and NO concentration in the medium were also determined through Xanthine oxidase method or TBARs. Results: TC, CE, CE/TC in model group significantly increased, while FC, GSH-PX and NO concentration in the medium significantly decreased compared with blank group. After treatment with heparin (100 mg/L) and different concentrations of SS-GAG (200 mg/L, 400 mg/L,800 mg/L), TC, CE, and CE/TC significantly decreased (P

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Objective To study the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the environmental nutrition and neural differentiation of the transplanted stem cells under hypothermia.Methods The BDNF gene mediated by liposome was transfected into 293T cell line, and ELISA assay was applied to find the peak time of BDNF expression. When BDNF was highly expressed, the supernatant was collected for establishment of SD rat models of brain injury. The rats were divided into Group A (stem cell transplantation group) and Group B (stem cell transplantation and BDNF group). Rats in both groups were under hypothermia treatment for five days. Four and eight days later ( three days from rewarming), rat brain tissues were obtained to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunohistochemical method and to detect the apoptosis by in situ hybridization. Finally, the nerve function scores were obtained for evaluation of the nerve function. Results The ELISA showed that the high level of BDNF expression was at 48 to 60 hours after gene transfection. PCNA and nestin were highly expressed, while NES and GFAP showed nil or low level of expression in both groups at the fourth day after hypothermia, with little apoptotic cells especially in the Group B (P ＜0.05). The expressions of PCNA and nestin were decreased, but the expressions of NSE and GFAP were increased at the third day after rewarming. The positive rate of NSE expression in the Group B was much higher and the apoptotic cells were much less compared with the Group A ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). A better nerve score was obtained in the Group B. Conclusion BDNF can enhance the survival rate of the transplanted stem cells and induce their differentiation into neurons under hypothermia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the dynamic changes in microvascular ultrastructure in the cortex after the acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Methods40 male rats were randomly divided into two groups（n=20 for sham operation group and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group）. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was produced using suture middle cerebral artery occlusion. Rats were sacrificed and the brain samples were adopted 1,3,12,72 h after ischemia-reperfusion, methyl methacrylate composite brain microvascular casting. The production of brain microvascular specimens, scanning electron microscopy of normal rat cerebral cortex microvessels and cerebral cortex of acute brain injury morphological changes in microvascular.ResultsCompared with the sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in the cortex after the signs of vascular damage, then, vascular casting was to "bean" shape or even had a completely broken "tears candles" stump-like vascular casting, finally, to further the formation of a vascular zone cortex. ConclusionThe structural changes of brain microvascular in the cortex after acute cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is an important cause of cerebral microcirculation in rats.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of single administration of aqueous extracts from aconite on "dose-toxicity" relationship and "time-toxicity" relationship of mice hearts, through changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum biochemical indexes.

METHODMice were grouped according to different drug doses and time points, and orally administered with water extracts from aconite for once to observe the changes of mice ECG before and after the administration, calculate visceral indexes heart, liver and kidney, and detect levels of CK, LDH, BNP and CTn-I in serum.

RESULTAccording to the "time-toxicity" relationship study, at 5 min after oral administration with aqueous extracts from aconite in mice, the heart rate of mice began rising, reached peak at 60 min and then slowly reduced; QRS, R amplitude, T duration and amplitude and QT interval declined at 5 min, reduced to the bottom at 60 min and then gradually elevated. The levels of CK, LDH, BNP and CTn-I in serum elevated at 5 min and reached the peak at 60 min, with no significant change in ratios of organs to body at different time points. On the basis of the "dose-toxicity" relationship, with the increase in single dose of aqueous extracts from aconite, the heart rate of mice. QRS, T duration and amplitude and QT interval declined gradually, and levels of CK, LDH, BNP and CTn-I in serum slowly elevated, with a certain dose dependence and no significant change in ratios of organs to body in mice.

CONCLUSIONSingle oral administration of different doses of aqueous extracts from aconite could cause different degrees of heart injury at different time points, with a certain dose dependence. Its peak time of toxicity is at 60 min after the administration of aqueous extracts from aconite.

Aconitum ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; toxicity ; Female ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice

Objective To study the changes of proteome expression in brain tissues from rats with severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI). Methods Total protein of brain tissues were obtained at days 3,7 and 14 for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to screen and identify differential protein spots.Results We screened 17 differential protein spots that were involved in cellular metabolism,stress and inflammatory reaction. Conclusion Some differential proteins involved in sTBI can be found by twodimensional gel electrophoresis.

Objective To locally inject human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) model to investigate expression of neural markers and neurological functional improvement. Methods HUCB-MSCs were labeled by bis-benzimide for over 24 hours and stereotactically transplanted into the brain of the rats. All rats were divided into four groups, ie, sham injury group, TBI group, control (TBI + PBS) group and treatment (TBI + MSCs) group, Im-munohistochemical methods and immanofluorescence staining were used to observe the survival, migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells. The neurological functional improvement was evaluated by u-sing the neurological severity score (NSS). Results There existed a large number of MSCs survived in local region of the brain that received transplants, when some MSCs differentiated into neurons or astro-cytes and expressed the neurocyte markers including NSE and GFAP around the grafted site. Treatment group had significantly improved scores compared with sham injury group, TBI group and control group. Conclusions HUCB-MSCs transplantation can potentially improve neurological functional after TBI and may be a good alternative to bone marrow cells for stem cell transplantation or cell therapy.

Objective To investigate the value and efficacy of continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) for treatment of heat stroke patients complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). Methods The clinical data of 19 heat stroke patients complicated by MODS admitted into the hospital in a period from July 15,2010 to August 30,2010 and treated by CRRT were analyzed retrospectively. Continuous venovenous hemofiltation(CVVH) mode was used in all patients and the initial temperature of replacement fluid range was 28℃to 32℃persisting in 2.0 to 2.5 hours and afterward it maintained at 36℃. Prognosis and adverse effect were observed,the patients' body temperature,heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)scores,oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2),the levels of serum urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(SCr), myoglobin(Mb),creatine kinase(CK),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and arterial lactate(Lac)were monitored before and after CRRT treatment. Results Fifteen patients were cured or improved,and 4 died. Compared with those before CRRT treatment,body temperature(℃),HR(bmp),MAP(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),APACHEⅡevaluation(score),PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg)were significantly improved(body temperature:36.8±0.2 vs. 41.6±0.3,HR:93.6±10.3 vs. 132.5±11.4,MAP:69.8±9.9 vs. 45.2±7.7,APACHEⅡ:12.3±3.9 vs. 29.6±4.6,PaO2/FiO2:213.6±95.4 vs. 126.5±87.4,all P<0.05);the levels of BUN(mmol/L),SCr(μmol/L), Mb(μg/L),CK(U/L),ALT(U/L),AST(U/L),Lac(mmol/L)were significantly reduced after the treatment(BUN:23.9±5.3 vs. 42.6±5.4,SCr:123±47 vs. 356±51,Mb:201±45 vs. 468±39,CK:217±32 vs. 843±41,ALT:79±36 vs. 894±88,AST:57±28 vs. 867±92,Lac:3.5±2.4 vs. 16.6±3.9,all P<0.05). In the process of the treatment,hemodynamics was stable,and no obvious side effects occurred. Conclusion CRRT treatment can exactly and safely reduce the core body temperature of patients with heat stroke,and it can also effectively eliminate metabolites of BUN,Cr,Mb,etc,ameliorate the inflammatory reaction and supporting the functions of liver,kidneys and other vital organs,thus the treatment is also safe and effective for such patients complicated by MODS.

Objective To explore the development trend of military-civilian metering of medical equipment.Methods The foundation and conditions were analyzed for military-civilian metering of medical equipment,and the feasibility and necessity were discussed to execute military-civilian medical equipment metering after military innovation.Results The military-civilian metering of medical equipment was expounded from the aspects of organization,mechanism,personnel and etc.Conclution Military-civilian medical equipment metering contributes to rational allocation of national resources and enhancement of military metering.

Objective To screen altered proteins of hippocampus in the stress-induced depression (STRID) rat model, and explore the potential molecular mechanism. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and STRID group, 10 rats in each group. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) methods including fasting for solids and liquids, electric foot-shock, reversing day and night, cold water swimming, cage tilt, scare stimulation and tail pinch were conducted on STRID rats with no repeats for 28 days to make up the depression animal model. The control group was normally fed during this period. After the stress stimulation, the hippocampus protein samples were used for two dimensional electrophoresis to screen the differentially expressed protein, and then mass spectrum identification and function analyze were conducted. Results Compared with the control group, 34 proteins were altered in STRID group. Among which, 18 were up-regulated, and 16 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed proteins mainly located in cytoplasm, mitochondrion, extracellular exosome and myelin sheath. The involved signaling pathways included metabolic pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, and Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease pathways. Conclusion The altered proteins and dysfunction of nerve signaling, and the excess of oxidative phosphorylation in hippocampus of STRID rats may be one of the pathogenesises.