OBJECTIVEAccurate and reliable assessment of renal function is important in the management of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index of assessing kidney function. For assessment of GFR, both gold standard tests and prediction equations have been used. The well-known 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), the Schwartz formula and the Filler formula are increasingly used in daily clinical practice. However, there are few studies on the applicability of these prediction equations for estimating GFR in Chinese children with CKD. The aim of this study was to compare these prediction equations estimating GFR with an isotope clearance method [isotope glomerular filtration rate (rGFR)] in such patients.

METHODChildren aged 1-16 years who underwent isotope (99m)Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) GFR testing (Gates' method) between the year of 2002 and 2005 were studied retrospectively. GFR was estimated using: (1) 24-hour Ccr, which was calculated using the standard formula: [urine creatinine (milligrammes per millilitre) × 24-hour urine volume/serum creatinine (milligrammes per millilitre) × 1440] × [1.73 (m(2))/body surface area (m(2))]; (2) the Schwartz formula, which is: eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) = k × height (centimetres)/serum creatinine (micromoles per litre), where k is 62 in males at 13 years of age and older, 40 in infants, and 49 in all other children; and (3) the Filler formula, which is: logGFR = 1.962 + [1.123 × log(1/Cys C)], where cystatin C is measured in milligrammes per litre. Serum and urinary creatinine levels were detected by alkaline kinetic method. Serum cystatin C was analysed by particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Bias and precision were evaluated.

RESULTThirty subjects (18 males and 12 females; mean age 9.4 years) fulfilling both inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean (SD) rGFR was 81.57 (36.92) ml/min per 1.73 m(2); 18 subjects were in CKD stage I, 8 in CKD stage II, 8 in CKD stage III, and 1 in CKD stage IV. Only the mean 24 h Ccr-eGFR was slightly higher than rGFR (0.4 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) higher). Within 95% limits of agreement, the maximum absolute value of bias was about 50 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Accuracy (estimated GFR values within ± 30% of rGFR) for all formulae was poor, ranging from 23.3% to 43.3%. All formulae overestimate or underestimate rGFR in different CKD stages.

CONCLUSIONIn Chinese children with CKD, there was a significant difference between measured GFR and estimated GFR using 24h Ccr, Schwartz formula and Filler formula. More suitable GFR predictive equations to assess glomerular function of such patients should be developed.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relation of peripheral blood estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

METHODSForty-eight patients with IBS identified according to Rome II diagnostic criteria and 30 healthy subjects as controls were analyzed for peripheral blood sex hormone levels by radioimmunoassay and corresponding software.

RESULTSIn male patients with IBS, blood testosterone level was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), but blood estradiol and progesterone showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). In the female patients, blood estradiol level was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), whereas blood progesterone and testosterone levels had no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONPeripheral blood testosterone level in male IBS patients and estradiol level in female patients are lower than those of healthy subjects, suggesting that IBS might be associated with blood sex hormone disorder.

Adult ; Aged ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Progesterone ; blood ; Radioimmunoassay ; Testosterone ; blood

OBJECTIVESTo establish a clinical method for measuring the displacement of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) precisely irrespective of ulnar variance, and to derive normal population translation references with palmar and dorsal stress.

METHODSThirty-seven normal distal forearms were scanned with computed tomography using an apparatus designed by Pirela-Cruz. Each extremity was scanned in two positions: maximal ulnar palmar and dorsal stress. The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) CT images were then imported into Mimics 10.0 for three-dimensional reconstruction. On the DRUJs 3D images, choose the most prominent point of the palmar and dorsal margins of the sigmoid notch and the excavate ulna fovea as the reference points A, B and C. A perpendicular line was then drawn from the point C to a line connecting points A and B with the intersection D. Calculate the ratio of AD/AB and DB/AB. Two observers measured all the DRUJs independently and one repeated the measurements one month later to determine the interobserver and intraobserver reliability.

RESULTSThe mean ratio values of palmar (AD/AB) and dorsal (DB/AB) translation were 0.39 ± 0.07 and 0.37 ± 0.07, and the normal references (x(-) ± 2 s) were from 0.25 to 0.50 and from 0.23 to 0.50, respectively. No significant differences were observed in terms of positions, genders and dominant hands. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for interobserver and intraobserver reliability (DB/AB, AD/AB) were 0.84, 0.80, 0.93 and 0.92, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThis new method could accurately measure the displacement of DRUJs with acceptable reliability, even with ulna positive or negative variance. Instability of DRUJ may be indicated when AD/AB is less than 0.25 or BD/AB is less than 0.23.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Joint Dislocations ; diagnostic imaging ; Joint Instability ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ulna ; diagnostic imaging ; Wrist Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relation among aortic root dimension (ARD) measured by echocardiography, cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease in adult Beijing community population.

METHODSEchocardiography was performed in 1041 individuals in a suburban community of Beijing from 2004 to 2005. ARD and other echocardiographic parameters including left atria dimension, left ventricular mass, septal and posterior wall thickness and dimension were analyzed. Histories of cardiovascular disease as well as risk factors were obtained. Spearman correlation was used to determine the relation between ARD and other cardiovascular risk factors. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ARD and cardiovascular disease.

RESULTSAscending aortic dimension (AAD) and mean root dimension (MRD) were positively associated with age, weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left atria dimension, left ventricular mass, left ventricular septal and posterior wall thickness, and left ventricular dimension. With the lowest quintile of AAD and MRD as the reference, ORs for the highest quintile of AAD for specific cardiovascular diseases in female were as follows: stroke (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.03 - 4.72, P = 0.04), chronic heart failure (OR = 2.62, 95%CI: 1.49 - 4.61, P = 0.001), total cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.51 - 4.21, P < 0.001). ORs of MRD were as follows: chronic heart failure (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.26 - 3.80, P = 0.01), total cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.32 - 3.68, P = 0.002). After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, TC, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the ORs were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONARD was positively associated with several CHD risk factors, but was not independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ARD may act as an intermediate risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Combined ARD and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors might enhance the predict power for cardiovascular disease.

Aged ; Aorta ; diagnostic imaging ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the relationship between serum uric acid and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in Beijing community individuals.

METHODSThis epidemiological survey was performed in residents of two communities from Shijingshan District in Beijing from 2007 to 2008. Cardiovascular risk factors and ba-PWV were measured. Two thousand five hundred and forty three individuals with both ba-PWV and serum uric acid measurements were included. Ba-PWV ≥ 1400 cm/s was defined as abnormal. The individuals were divided into four groups (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 group) according to the gender-specific quartiles of serum uric acid. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relation between various cardiovascular risk factors and ba-PWV abnormality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relation between serum uric acid and ba-PWV abnormality after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors.

RESULTSBody mass index, triglyeride and prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing levels of serum uric acid (all P < 0.01). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, smoking, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyeride and estimated glomerular filtration rate were related with ba-PWV abnormality (all P < 0.01). Compared with Q1 group, ba-PWV abnormality OR value of Q4 group was 1.73 (95%CI: 1.34 - 2.22, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that ba-PWV abnormality OR value of Q4 group was 1.66 (95%CI: 1.16 - 2.37, P < 0.01 ) after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyeride and estimated glomerular filtration rate when compared with Q1 group and OR values were 1.55 (95%CI: 0.88 - 2.74, P > 0.05) and 1.65 (95%CI: 1.04 - 2.64, P < 0.05) in male and female respectively.

CONCLUSIONIncreased serum uric acid was independently associated with ba-PWV abnormality in Beijing community residents.

Aged ; Ankle ; blood supply ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Artery ; physiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulse ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To explore the application value of multimodal image fusion technology in the diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 11 patients with ICC who were admitted to Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between January and September 2018 were collected.There were 5 males and 6 females,aged (55 ± 12)years,with a range from 30 to 74 years.The data of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) of the upper abdomen were respectively collected,and three-dimensional(3D) model of liver was constructed based on CT-MRI fusion images.The preoperative evaluation and surgical planning were carried out based on the different modal imaging examination technologies.The indocyanine green (ICG) molecular fluorescence imaging system and augmented reality navigation system were used to guide hepatectomy.Observation indicators:(1) preoperative evaluation;(2) intraoperative situations;(3) comparison between surgical planning based on the different model imaging technologies and actual surgical method;(4) follow-up.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative complications up to November 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean ± SD,measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range).Count data were described as absolute number or percentage and comparisons were analyzed using the paired chi-square test.Results (1) Preoperative evaluation:the proportions of grade 3 and above branch vessels of the portal vein and hepatic vein system and tumor margin by enhanced CT examination and enhanced MRI examination were respectively 11/11,4/11 and 5/11,11/11,with statistically significant differences in above indicators (x2 =4.16,5.14,P＜0.05).The enhanced CT showed 11 liver cancer lesions and enhanced MRI showed 13 lesions (including 2 lesions not demonstrated by enhanced CT,with a maximum diameter ≤ 10 mm).The 3D model of liver based on CT-MRI fusion image:location,number,infiltrating range (tumor boundary),intrahepatic vascular distribution,variation and its spatial relationship with lesions could be stereoscopically,intuitively and comprehensively displayed.(2) Intraoperative situations:of 11 patients,11 lesions were explored with naked eyes;13 lesions were detected by ICG molecular fluorescence imaging system,including 2 lesions showing low uptake lesions in liver and gallbladder specific period by preoperative MRI examinations and intrahepatic metastasis cancer by pathologic examination.Of 11 patients,6 had naked-eye ischemia boundaries around related vessels of hepatic portal ligation;10 with anatomical hepatectomy had hepatic segments or hemihepatic boundary by ICG molecular fluorescence imaging system,including 2 using positive staining and 8 using anti-staining.Among 11 patients,3 (1 combined with local resection of hepatic segment Ⅷ metastases),2,2,1,1,1 and 1 underwent respectively left hepatectomy,left lateral lobectomy of liver,right hepatectomy,extended right hepatectomy,right lobectomy of liver,resection of partial hepatic segment Ⅷ and mesohepatectomy.Seven of 11 patients received regional lymph node dissection and 4 received simple lymph node biopsy.Of 11 patients,1 diagnosed as with bile leakage of liver section underwent suture and ligation treatment with 4-0 Prolene;10 didn't occurred bile leakage.The surgical margin of 11 patients was negative.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of hospital stay were (240± 118)minutes,(275±249)mL and (13 ± 8) days,respectively.There was no blood transfusion in the perioperative period.(3) Comparison between surgical planning based on the different model imaging technologies and actual surgical method:surgical planning of 3D model based on CT,MRI and CT-MRI fusion image in 6,9 and 11 patients was respectively consistent with actual surgical method.(4) Follow-up:11 patients were followed up for 2-10 months,with a median time of 6 months.Three patients had postoperative complications,2 of which were found in Clavien-Dindo Ⅰ and Ⅱ,including 1 with pleural effusion + peritoneal effusion and 1 with pleural effusion,they were improved after conservative treatment;1 with complication of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ (postoperative intra-abdominal bleeding) was improved by selective arterial embolization using percutaneous femoral artery puncture.There was no postoperative bile leakage,hepatic failure and death.Conclusion Multimodal image fusion technique is helpful to optimize the preoperative surgical planning,which can assist the recognition of important vessels and real-time navigation of hepatectomy during operation,and improve the safety of operation.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional visualization technique (3DVT) combined with enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 64 patients with hepatolithiasis who were admitted to Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from November 2015 to August 2018 were collected.There were 17 males and 47 females,aged from 30 to 82 years,with a median age of 55 years.Of the 64 patients,23 who completed preoperative assessment and planning using 3DVT,and furthermore received ERAS for perioperative management were divided into 3DVT + ERAS group,and 41 who received preoperative assessment merely under the guidance of 3DVT,combined with conventional perioperative management were divided into 3DVT + conventional group.Observation indicators:(1) preoperative CT and 3DVT assessment;(2) perioperative conditions;(3) follow-up.The follow-up was conducted by outpatient service,e-mail or telephone interview to detect the postoperative recurrence of hepatolithiasis up to March 2019.The measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD,and the t test was used for comparison between groups.The measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (P25,P75),and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups.The count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages,and the comparison between groups was pedormed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Results (1) Preoperative CT and 3DVT assessment:23 patients in the 3DVT + ERAS group underwent preoperative CT examination and 3DVT assessment,the consistency between CT results and intraoperative findings was 91.3％ (21/23),and the consistency between 3DVT results and intraoperative findings was 95.7％(22/23).Fourty-one patients in the 3DVT + conventional group underwent preoperative CT examination and 3DVT assessment,the consistency between CT results and intraoperative findings was 90.2％ (37/41),and the consistency between 3DVT results and intraoperative findings was 95.1％ (39/41).(2) Perioperative conditions:the volume of intraoperative blood loss,duration of postoperative hospital stay,postoperative total bilirubin,postoperative direct bilirubin,postoperative albumin,postoperative alanine aminotransferase,postoperative aspartate aminotransferase and postoperative hemoglobin were 50 mL (10 mL,100 mL),8 days (7 days,9 days),12 μmol/L (9 μmol/L,16 μmoL/L),6 μmol/L (4 μmoL/L,8 μmol/L),(37±4)g/L,44 U/L (18 U/L,85 U/L),32 U/L (20 U/L,65 U/L),(117±18)g/L in the 3DVT + ERAS group,and 100 mL (50 mL,300 mL),13 days (10 days,16 days),17 μmol/L (12 μmoL/L,33 μmoL/L),11 μmoL/L (7 μmoL/L,21 μmol/L),(29±6)g/L,78 U/L (43 U/L,122 U/L),121 U/L (72 U/L,176 U/L),(106±13)g/L in the 3DVT + conventional group,respectively;there were significant differences between two groups (Z =-3.084,-4.827,-2.953,-3.632,t =5.261,Z=-2.960,-4.625,t =2.773,P＜0.05).Two patients had pulmonary infection and 2 had pleural effusion in the 3DVT + ERAS group,and all the 4 patients were cured after treatment.One case of biliary fistula,4 cases of pulmonary infection and 5 cases of pleural effusion occurred in the 3DVT + conventional group,and these patients were cured by adequate abdominal drainage,antibiotic therapy and thoracocentesis,respectively.There was no perioperative death in either group.(3) Follow-up:64 patients were followed up for 6-36 months,with a median time of 23 months.During the follow-up,no recurrent hepatolithiasis in the 3DVT + ERAS group,and 1 case of recurrent hepatolithiasis was confirmed by ultrasound in the 3DVT + conventional group.No cholangiocarcinoma occurred in either group.Conclusion The combination of 3DVT and ERAS is effective,safe and feasible in the management of hepatolithiasis,which can accelerate the postoperative recovery of liver function,thus enhancing perioperative recovery and improving the prognosis of patients simultaneously.

Senescence is an inevitable natural life process that involves structural and functional degeneration of tissues and organs. Recently, the process of skin aging has attracted much attention. Determining a means to delay or even reverse skin aging has become a research hotspot in medical cosmetology and anti-aging. Dysfunction in the epidermis and fibroblasts and changes in the composition and content of the extracellular matrix are common pathophysiological manifestations of skin aging. Reactive oxygen species and matrix metalloproteinases play essential roles in this process. Stem cells are pluripotent cells that possess self-replication abilities and can differentiate into multiple functional cells under certain conditions. These cells also possess a strong ability to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Stem cell transplantation has the potential for application in anti-aging therapy. Increasing studies have demonstrated that stem cells perform functions through paracrine processes, particularly those involving exosomes. Exosomes are nano-vesicular substances secreted by stem cells that participate in cell-to-cell communication by transporting their contents into target cells. In this chapter, the biological characteristics of exosomes were reviewed, including their effects on extracellular matrix formation, epidermal cell function, fibroblast function and antioxidation. Exosomes derived from stem cells may provide a new means to reverse skin aging.

OBJECTIVE: Critically ill patients with solid tumors complicated with paraneoplastic pemphigus are usually treated in intensive care units (ICU) for perioperative management after surgical treatment. In this study, the clinical characteristics and predictors of long-term prognosis of these critically ill patients were analyzed. METHODS: the clinical and laboratory data of 63 patients with solid tumors complicated with paraneoplastic pemphigus admitted to ICU from 2005 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the survival status of the patients were followed up. RESULTS: Among the 63 patients, 79.4% had Castleman disease as the primary tumor, and 20.6% with other pathological types; 69.8% had severe-extensive skin lesions, and 30.2% had other skin lesions; the patients with bronchiolitis obliterans accounted for 44.4%, and 55.6% were not merged. Postoperative fungal infection occurred in 23.8% of the patients, and 76.2% without fungal infection. The median follow-up time was 95 months, and 25 patients died during the study period. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 74.6% (95%CI 63.8%-85.4%), 67.4% (95%CI 55.6%-79.2%) and 55.1% (95%CI 47.9%-62.3%), respectively. The log-rank univariate analysis showed that the patients had age>40 years (P=0.042), preoperative weight loss>5 kg (P=0.002), preoperative albumin < 30 g/L (P < 0.001), paraneoplastic pemphigus complicated with bronchiolitis obliterans (P=0.002), and perioperative fungal infection (P < 0.001) had increased mortality. Cox univariate analysis showed that preoperative weight loss >5 kg (P=0.005), preoperative albumin < 30 g/L (P < 0.001), paraneoplastic pemphigus complicated with bronchiolitis obliterans (P=0.009), preoperative bacterial pulmonary infection (P=0.007), prolonged surgical time (P=0.048), postoperative oxygenation index (P=0.012) and low albumin (P=0.010) and hemoglobin concentration (P=0.035) in ICU, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) score (P=0.001); sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P=0.010), and postoperative fungal infection (P < 0.001) were risk factors for long-term survival. Cox regression model for multivariate analysis showed that preoperative weight loss > 5 kg (HR 4.44; 95%CI 1.47-13.38; P=0.008), and preoperative albumin < 30 g/L (HR 4.38; 95%CI 1.72-11.12; P=0.002), bronchiolitis obliterans (HR 2.69; 95%CI 1.12-6.50; P=0.027), and postoperative fungal infection (HR 4.85; 95%CI 2.01-11.72; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rate of critically ill patients undergoing surgery for paraneoplastic pemphigus combined with solid tumors is approximately 55.1%, with preoperative weight loss > 5 kg, albumin < 30 g/L, bronchiolitis obliterans and postoperative fungal infection were associated with an increased risk of near- and long-term postoperative mortality.
Adult ; Albumins/therapeutic use* ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans/pathology* ; Critical Illness ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Neoplasms/complications* ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes/pathology* ; Pemphigus/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Weight Loss

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and related factors of corticosteroid induced adrenal crisis (AC) in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods: Case control study. The case group included 7 children aged 1 to 18 years with NS combined with AC hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital from January 2016 to May 2021 (AC group). According to the ratio of case group: control group 1: 4, 28 children aged 1 to 18 years who were diagnosed with NS without AC during the same period were matched as controls (non-AC group). Clinical data were collected. The clinical characteristics of AC were described. The clinical parameters were compared between the 2 groups by t test, Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the cutoff values of clinical parameters for prediction of AC. Results: The AC group included 4 boys and 3 girls aged 6.9 (4.6, 10.8) years. The non-AC group included 20 boys and 8 girls aged 5.2 (3.3, 8.4) years. All AC events occurred during the relapse of NS with infection. Seven children had gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Six children had poor mental state or impaired consciousness. No significant differences in NS course, corticosteroid treatment course, corticosteroid type, steroid dosage, steroid medication interval, the proportion of gastroenteritis and fever existed between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the non-AC group, the duration from the onset of the relapse of NS until hospitalization in the AC group was significantly shorter (0.2 (0.1, 0.6) vs. 1.0 (0.4, 5.0) month,U=25.50, P=0.005). The 24 h urinary total protein (UTP) level was significantly higher in the AC group (193 (135, 429) vs. 81 (17, 200) mg/kg, U=27.00,P=0.036) than the non-AC group. The serum albumin level in the AC group was significantly lower((13.1±2.1) vs. (24.5±8.7) g/L,t=-6.22,P<0.001) than the non-AC group. There were significantly higher total white blood cell counts ((26±9)×10⁹ vs. (11±5)×10⁹/L,t=4.26,P=0.004), percentage of neutrophils (0.71±0.08 vs. 0.60±0.19,t=2.56,P=0.017) and the proportion of children with C reactive protein level≥8 mg/L (3/7 vs. 0,P=0.005) in the AC group than in the non-AC group. ROC curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of 24 h UTP was 122 mg/(kg·d) with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 70.4%. The cutoff value of serum albumin was 17.0 g/L with a sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 82.1%. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal symptoms and poor mental state were prominent manifestations of AC in children with NS. High 24 h UTP level, low serum albumin level, high peripheral white blood cell counts, high neutrophils percentage, and high C-reactive protein level during the early stage of NS relapse may be related to the occurrence of AC in children with NS.
Nephrotic Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Nausea/chemically induced* ; Vomiting/chemically induced* ; Abdominal Pain/chemically induced* ; Mental Processes/drug effects* ; China