Objective To propose a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea based on the analysis of clinical features of rosacea in a large sample.Methods A total of 1 090 Chinese outpatients with rosacea were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Xiangya Hospital,and their demographic data,clinical manifestations and subjective symptoms were collected.According to results of descriptive analysis,clinical features of rosacea were summarized,and a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea was set up.Then,the sensitivity and specificity of the new diagnostic criterion were verified among 1 200 outpatients clinically characterized by facial erythema.Results Of 1 090 patients with rosacea,131 (12.0％) were male and 959(88.0％) were female,and the average age was 33.5 ± 11.1 years (range,10-66).Among the 1 090 patients,715 (65.6％) had initial lesions on the cheek,of whom,712 (99.6％) had intermittent flushing as the initial symptom,and 689 (96％) had sensitive skin symptoms such as dryness,burning and itching sensations;208 (19.1％) had initial lesions on the perioral region,of whom,204 (98.1％) had persistent erythema as the initial symptom;167 (15.3％) had initial lesions on the nose,of whom,163 (97.6％) had persistent erythema as the initial symptom;in addition,311 (28.5％) had lesions on the ocular region,and only 24 (2.2％) had lesions outside the face on the neck and retroauricular region.Based on these clinical features,a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea was proposed,including 1 major condition (intermittent flushing or persistent erythema on the cheek,perioral region or nose) and 5 minor conditions (1.sensitive skin symptoms such as burning,tingling,drying or itching sensations;2.telangiectasia;3.papules or pustules;4.hypertrophy;5.ocular symptoms).If with the major condition and at least one minor condition were met,patients could be diagnosed with rosacea.After verification among 1 200 patients with facial dermatitis clinically characterized by facial erythema,the new criterion was proved to have a sensitivity of 99.3％ and a specificity of 95.8％.Conclusion A new diagnostic criterion for rosacea with high sensitivity and specificity is proposed,which is worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo measure the effect of atorvastatin on COX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSForty patients with AMI (AMI group) and 18 patients with stable coronary heart disease (control group) were enrolled, and patients with AMI were randomly given routine therapy (n = 20) and routine therapy plus atorvastatin (20 mg/day, n = 20) for a week. Peripheral blood monocytes for each participant including patients with AMI were isolated and cultured for 24 hours. During the culture, monocytes in patients with pretreatment AMI were incubated with celecoxib in different concentration (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L). COX-2 mRNA expression in monocytes was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatant from monocytes and plasma hs-CRP levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSCOX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with AMI (0.92 +/- 0.13) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (0.19 +/- 0.08), and decreased by 66% after atorvastatin (compared with that on routine therapy, P < 0.05); IL-6 secretions of monocytes in the AMI group (204.8 +/- 45.6 ng/L) increased dramatically compared with those in the control group (40.9 +/- 1.2 ng/L, P < 0.05), and reduced dramatically by 58% when incubated with 10 micromol/L celecoxib (P < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner; plasma levels of CRP in the AMI group (43.3 +/- 14.9 mg/L) significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.7 +/- 0.8 mg/L), and reduced by 62% after atorvastatin (compared with those in the routine therapy group, P < 0.05). COX-2 expression in monocytes in the AMI group was positively correlated with both secretions of IL-6 and plasma level of CRP (r = 0.636 and 0.662, respectively, both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is an inflammatory activation in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with early AMI, and the monocytes-derived COX-2 may play an important role in promoting early inflammatory process. Atorvastatin may decrease COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with AMI and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway might be correlated with the anti-inflammation mechanism of statin.

Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

Objective:To analyse the skin clinical characteristics of adverse reactions to cosmetic products.Methods:A total of 132 patients suffered with the skin adverse reactions of cosmetics were collected in the Department of Dermatology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2021. There were 5 males and 127 females, aged 2-66 (34.0±13.1) years. and the personal information, medical records, clinical characteristics and the cosmetic information as well as laboratory results were collected.Results:The major types of adverse reactions to cosmetic products were contact dermatitis (86.4%). Head was the most commonly affected site, The most common symptoms were pruritus and burning sensation (83.9%), and sores, dryness, tightness of the skin, and the common skin lesions included erythema and papula (92.9%). Suspected cosmetics were mostly skin care products (45 cases) and freckle removing products (30 cases). Only 7 patients accepted patch tests, 1 case had negative results and others were all tested positive.Conclusions:Adverse drug reactions affect young and middle-aged women mostly. Contact dermatitis is the most common adeverse reaction to cosmetic products and the patch test is still the most effective method in helping diagnosing contact dermatitis to cosmetic products.

Abstract Gurrently, healthy behaviors are the cornerstone of both physical and mental wellbeing,and more researches are focusing on improving behaviors to alleviate depression among children and adolescents. Based on the concept of 24 h movement behaviors proposed in recent years, the study examines the relationship among physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. The research suggests that physical activity could effectively alleviate depression among children and adolescents, and its effectiveness is influenced by factors including type, intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity. Excessive sedentary behavior may increase depressive symptoms, and the impacts of different types, durations, and frequencies of sedentary behavior on depressive symptoms among children and adolescents vary. In addition to its direct impact on depression, sleep could also serve as a mediator among physical activity, sedentary behavior and depression, and there is also a crowdingout effect of time between physical activity and sedentary behavior. Future research should focus on the mechanisms and pathways underlying how 24 h movement behaviors affecting depression among children and adolescents, in order to provide more accurate solutions for the prevention and treatment of depression.

Objective To investigate the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) on endothelin-1 ( ET-1 )induced murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.Methods Cutured murine HL-1 cardiomyocytes were divided into four experiment groups:①Control group:treated with DMSO ; ②T0901317 group:treated with LXRs agonist T0901317( 1 μmol/L) ; ③ET-1 group:treated with ET-1 ( 1 nmoL/L) ; ④T0901317 + ET-1 group:treated with T0901317 ( 1 μmol/L) for 8 hours,then treated with ET-1 ( 1 nmol/L).Twenty-four hours later,immunofluorescent staining was performed on HL-1 cells,the surface area of HL-1 cells was analyzed with NIH Image J software,and the synthetic rate of protein in HL-1 cells was detected by 3 H-leucine incorporation.The mRNA level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MyHC ) was measured by quantitative realtime PCR.The effect of T0901317 on mRNA expression of ANP was also detected after LXRs gene silencing.Results The surface area of HL-1 cells,mRNA expression of ANP and β-MyHC,and 3H-leucine incorporation in ET-1 group were 2.00 ± 0.29,1.98 ± 0.47,2.13 ±0.39 and 1.79 ±0.17,respectively,which were singnficantly higher than those of control group ( 1.00 ±0.26,1.00 ±0.21,1.00 ±0.31 and 1.00 ±0.03,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Compared with ET-1 group,the surface area of HL-1 cells,mRNA expression of ANP and β-MyHC,and 3H-leucine incorporation were significantly decreased in T0901317 + ET-1 group ( 1.24 ± 0.25,1.19 ± 0.21,1.48 ± 0.27 and 1.15 ±0.11,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05 ).After inhibition of LXRo/β expression in HL-1 cardiomyocytes using the specific siRNAs,the mRNA expression of ANP in T0901317 + ET-1 group was 1.78 ± 0.05,which was similar as that in ET-1 group ( 1.94 ± 0.17,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion T0901317,an agonist of LXRs,could inhibit ET-1 induced cardiac hypertrophy in vitro,and LXR Iigand-mediated inhibition on ANP mRNA expression by T0901317 is receptor dependent.

Background/Aims: The efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in moderate-to-severely active Crohn’s disease (CD) were demonstrated in the GEMINI 2 study (NCT00783692). This post-hoc exploratory analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab in the subgroup of patients from Asian countries. Methods: During the induction phase (doses at day 1, 15), clinical remission, enhanced clinical response, and change in C-reactive protein at 6 weeks; during the maintenance phase, clinical remission, enhanced clinical response, glucocorticoid-free remission and durable clinical remission at 52 weeks, were the efficacy outcomes of interest. Efficacy and safety of vedolizumab compared to placebo were assessed in Asian countries (Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) using descriptive analyses. Results: During the induction phase, in Asian countries (n = 51), 14.7% of the vedolizumab-treated patients achieved clinical remission at week 6 compared to none with placebo (difference, 14.7%; 95% confidence interval, 15.8%–43.5%). In non-Asian countries (n = 317), the remission rate at week 6 with vedolizumab was 14.5%. During maintenance, in Asian countries, clinical remission rates at 52 weeks with vedolizumab administered every 4 weeks, vedolizumab administered every 8 weeks and placebo were 41.7%, 36.4%, and 0%, respectively; while enhanced clinical response rates were 41.7%, 63.6%, and 42.9%, respectively. During induction, 39.7% of patients with vedolizumab experienced an adverse event compared to 58.8% of patients with placebo, and vedolizumab was generally well-tolerated. Conclusions This post-hoc analysis demonstrates the treatment effect and safety of vedolizumab in moderateto-severely active CD in patients from Asian countries.

Aim To determine the effect of exosomes from lipopolysaccharide-treated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on proportion of Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes/macrophages in inflammatory micro- environment. Methods BMSCs were obtained by gra-dient centrifugation, identified and then treated with li-popolysaccharide for 48 h. The exosomes were purified from conditional medium with or without LPS treatment and identified by CD63 protein using Western blot and transmission electron microscope. The diameters and concentration were detected by Nanoparticle Trafficking Analysis ( NTA ) . The monocytes/macrophages were sorted from bone marrow of the mice by magnetic beads. Cells were co-cultured with exosomes for 24 hours, and then treated with LPS for 48 hours. The proportion of Ly6C monocytes/macrophages was detec-ted by flow cytometry. Inflammatory cytokines in cell supernatant were investigated using ELISA. Results BMSCs surface markers CD44, CD90 were positively detected, but CD34, CD45 were not expressed. BM-SCs presented adipogenic differentiation ability. Exo-somes were positively expressing CD63 protein, and NTA showed that the diameters of exosomes were up to (82.4 ± 3.7 ) nm. BMSCs stimulated by LPS pro- duced more exosomes ( P < 0.01 ) . Exosomes from BMSCs with or without LPS treatment could increase the ratio of Ly6Chigh monocytes (P<0.01) and down-regulate the ratio of Ly6Chigh macrophages (P<0.05), and the effect of LPS treated-exosomes was more signif-icant than untreated-exosomes (P<0.05). Moreover, the concentration of IL-6 was also elevated under exo-somes treatment ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusions Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes contribute to the regulation of Ly6Chigh monocytes/mac-rophages, indicating that they could be involved in the therapeutic treatment of inflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of siRNA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB on apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells.

METHODSSpecific small interfering RNA Targeting NF-κB gene was synthesized and transfected into HepG2 cells by liposomes. Nested RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect the mRNA expression of NF-κB. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot were performed to examine the protein expression of NF-κB. Annexin V-FITC was used to test cell apoptosis.

RESULTSThe expression of NF-κB in HepG2 cells (1.13+/-0.03) was significantly higher (t=27.02, P<0.05) than that in normal hepatocytes (0.29+/-0.07). The down-regulation of NF-κB expression was depended on the dosage of siRNA and the time after transfection. 72 h after siRNA transfection, NF-κB expression reduced by 93% and 62% at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells increased by 85% with NF-κB inhibition.

CONCLUSIONSNF-κB is abnormally active in HepG2 cells and NF-κB inhibition mediated by siRNA promotes HepG2 cells apoptosis. It suggested that NF-κB could be a potential target for HCC prevention gene therapy.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its clinical values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSThe dynamic changes of liver pathology, HIF-1alpha transcription and expression were observed through the hepatoma model. The self-control specimens from 35 human HCC patients were collected and the expression, cellular distribution, and clinicopathological features of HIF-1alpha and its gene was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and nested- PCR, respectively.

RESULTSBoth levels of hepatic HIF-1alpha and HIF-1alpha mRNA expression increased during the HCC development course. The incidence of HIF-1alpha and the ratio of HIF-1alpha to beta-actin was 0% and 0.16+/-0.02 in the control rats, 77.8% and 0.29+/-0.04 in the denatured rats, 88.9% and 0.52+/-0.03 in the precancerous rats, and 100% and 0.84+/-0.02 in the cancerous rats respectively, with significant difference between the control group and any of the experimental groups (P = 0.000). The positive HIF-1alpha was brown and granule-like and mainly presented in cytoplasm and few in nucleus. The incidence of HIF-1alpha was 80% (28/35) in HCC and 100% (35/35) in its surrounding tissues. The clinical pathological features indicated HIF-1alpha expression associated with tumor size and differentiation degree the of HCC. No correlation was found between HIF-1alpha and tumor numbers or positive-HBsAg.

CONCLUSIONSHIF-1alpha expression is associated with occurrence and development of HCC, and is perhaps a target molecule for HCC therapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), strongly implicating a role for EBV in NPC pathogenesis; conversely, EBV infection is rarely detected in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. In general, EBV does not show a strong tropism for infecting human epithelial cells, and EBV infection in oropharyngeal epithelial cells is believed to be lytic in nature. To establish life-long infection in humans, EBV has evolved efficient strategies to infect B cells and hijack their cellular machinery for latent infection. Lytic EBV infection in oropharyngeal epithelial cells, though an infrequent event, is believed to be a major source of infectious EBV particles for salivary transmission. The biological events associated with nasopharyngeal epithelial cells are only beginning to be understood with the advancement of EBV infection methods and the availability of nasopharyngeal epithelial cell models for EBV infection studies. EBV infection in human epithelial cells is a highly inefficient process compared to that in B cells, which express the complement receptor type 2 (CR2) to mediate EBV infection. Although receptor(s) on the epithelial cell surface for EBV infection remain(s) to be identified, EBV infection in epithelial cells could be achieved via the interaction of glycoproteins on the viral envelope with surface integrins on epithelial cells, which might trigger membrane fusion to internalize EBV in cells. Normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells are not permissive for latent EBV infection, and EBV infection in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells usually results in growth arrest. However, genetic alterations in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, including p16 deletion and cyclin D1 overexpression, could override the growth inhibitory effect of EBV infection to support stable and latent EBV infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The EBV episome in NPC is clonal in nature, suggesting that NPC develops from a single EBV-infected nasopharyngeal epithelial cell, and the establishment of persistent and latent EBV infection in premalignant nasopharyngeal epithelium may represent an early and critical event for NPC development.
Carcinoma ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelial Cells ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; Nasopharynx ; Precancerous Conditions