The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of biomedicinal agents on Ca2+, P and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in ovariectomized rats. Rats were ovariectomized bilaterally and were fed up with Ca2+ and P-free diet during 8(9,10) weeks to induce osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was determined by the extent of bone density and by lowering the concentrations of serum Ca2+, P and ALP activity every week. Rats in antler, safflower, ipriflavon, or coadminisrated with estrogen groups were administrated with feed supplement for 5 weeks to elucidate the protective and therapeutic effects against osteoporosis. The bone tissue was examined with electron microscope to determine the effects of each treatment on osteoporosis. 1. The levels of serum Ca2+ and P in osteoporosisinduced rats, administrated with antler, ipriflavon and estrogen groups, were little higher than those of control rats. However, the levels of serum Ca and P in ovariectomized rats were significantly higher than those of control group (p<0.05). 2. The activities of serum ALP in osteoporosisinduced rats, administrated with antler extract, safflower, ipriflavon, or co-admistrated with estrogen, were little increased in comparing with those of control group, but were significantly decreased in with combination of estrogen for 5 weeks. However, The connections were interrupted and the bone matrix was destroyed in the osteoporosis-induced rats. 3. The inter-trabecular connections were examined under electron microscope. The connections were well maintained and bone loss was without in the administration with antler, safflower, and ipriflavon with combination of estrogen for 5 weeks. However, The connections were interrupted and the bone matrix was destroyed in the osteoporosis-induced rats.
Alkaline Phosphatase/*blood ; Animals ; Antlers ; Bone Density/drug effects/*physiology ; Bone Remodeling/drug effects ; Calcium/*blood ; Dietary Supplements ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Isoflavones/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Osteoporosis/*blood/enzymology/prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Phosphates/*blood ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Safflower Oil/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage/therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of safflor Injection (SI) and extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) and investigate its mechanism.

METHODSIn vivo rabbit model of LIRI was reconstructed. Forty rabbits were randomly and equally divided into four groups: sham-operation group (sham group), ischemia-reperfusion group (model group), ischemia-reperfusion plus SI group (safflor group) and ischemia-reperfusion plus EGB injection group (EGB group). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in serum were measured. The wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung tissue and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also tested. Ultrastructure change of the lung tissue was observed by the electron microscope. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

RESULTSIn the model group, MDA and XO increased and SOD decreased in serum compared with the sham group (P<0.01). The values of W/D, MPO and ICAM-1 of the model group were higher than those of the sham group (P<0.01), but those of the safflor group and EGB group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P<0.01). The IHC demonstrated that ICAM-1 expression in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than those of the safflor group (P<0.01). Compared with safflor group, in the EGB group MDA, XO, MPO decreased, SOD and ICAM-1 expression increased (P<0.05), but the change of W/D was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSI and EGB may attenuate LIRI through antioxidation, inhibition of neutrophil aggregation and down-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. But EGB had more effect on the antioxidation, while SI did better on regulating ICAM-1 expression.

Animals ; Female ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Lung ; blood supply ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; drug therapy ; Safflower Oil ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Xanthine Oxidase ; blood