BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect size analysis of an exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, and physical fitness in Korean adults. METHODS: The subjects were 1,095 adults (men=76, women=1,019) older than 19 years who participated in the Fitness Promotion program at the centers for National Fitness Award Program in 2012. The subjects performed the regular combined exercise for 60-90 minutes per day, 2-4 days a week for 8 weeks. And the intensity of the exercise program was moderate (55-80% of maximum heart rate). In this study the effect size (ES) was calculated by the Cohen (1988) method. RESULTS: The ES was 0.06-0.11 (average small ES) for body composition, 0.52-0.77 (average large ES) for blood pressure, and 0.08-0.48 (average medium ES) for physical fitness variables. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated ES would be a useful reference to determine sample size for post-exercise experimental research.
Adult* ; Awards and Prizes ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Composition* ; Heart ; Humans ; Physical Fitness* ; Sample Size

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect size analysis of an exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, and physical fitness in Korean adults. METHODS: The subjects were 1,095 adults (men=76, women=1,019) older than 19 years who participated in the Fitness Promotion program at the centers for National Fitness Award Program in 2012. The subjects performed the regular combined exercise for 60-90 minutes per day, 2-4 days a week for 8 weeks. And the intensity of the exercise program was moderate (55-80% of maximum heart rate). In this study the effect size (ES) was calculated by the Cohen (1988) method. RESULTS: The ES was 0.06-0.11 (average small ES) for body composition, 0.52-0.77 (average large ES) for blood pressure, and 0.08-0.48 (average medium ES) for physical fitness variables. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated ES would be a useful reference to determine sample size for post-exercise experimental research.
Adult* ; Awards and Prizes ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Composition* ; Heart ; Humans ; Physical Fitness* ; Sample Size

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect size analysis of an exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, and physical fitness in Korean adults. METHODS: The subjects were 1,095 adults (men=76, women=1,019) older than 19 years who participated in the Fitness Promotion program at the centers for National Fitness Award Program in 2012. The subjects performed the regular combined exercise for 60-90 minutes per day, 2-4 days a week for 8 weeks. And the intensity of the exercise program was moderate (55-80% of maximum heart rate). In this study the effect size (ES) was calculated by the Cohen (1988) method. RESULTS: The ES was 0.06-0.11 (average small ES) for body composition, 0.52-0.77 (average large ES) for blood pressure, and 0.08-0.48 (average medium ES) for physical fitness variables. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated ES would be a useful reference to determine sample size for post-exercise experimental research.
Adult ; Awards and Prizes ; Blood Pressure ; Body Composition ; Heart ; Humans ; Physical Fitness ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: To assess the association between frailty and osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) and to evaluate the relationship between numbers of OVCFs and frailty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 760 subjects, including 59 patients (with OVCF) and 701 controls (without OVCF). Successful matching provided 56 patient-control pairs. We analyzed principal clinical and demographic information, which included sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), variable frailty phenotypes, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) scores. The association between frailty and OVCF was ascertained. In addition, the degrees of disability and quality of life attributable to frailty were determined. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the OVCF group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Most of the frailty phenotypes, such as exhaustion, physical inactivity, slowness, and handgrip strength, were also significantly observed in the OVCF group. Within the OVCF group, the participants with frailty had significantly higher disability and lower quality of life than those in a robust state (p < 0.001 for ODI and EQ-5D). In addition, the multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the patients with low BMI [odds ratio (OR)=0.704; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.543–0.913] and ≥3 fractures (OR=9.213; 95% CI, 1.529–55.501) within the OVCF group were associated with higher odds of frailty. CONCLUSION: The present study showed significant relationships between frailty and OVCF, severity of symptoms, and disability induced by OVCF. Furthermore, frailty could be a causal and/or resulting factor of OVCFs.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fractures, Compression/*complications/*epidemiology ; Frailty/*complications/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures/*complications/etiology ; Prevalence ; Propensity Score ; Quality of Life ; Spinal Fractures/*complications/*epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional, case-control study. PURPOSE: To investigate associations between physical fitness measures and disabilities related to back pain and quality of life (QOL) by the presence of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in elderly Korean women. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: LSS leads to decreased functioning and reduced QOL. However, correlations among physical fitness, disability, and QOL have not been investigated in elderly women with LSS. METHODS: Participants included women aged 65 years and older (n=192), divided into a study group (n=38) and a control group (n=154) based on the presence/absence of LSS. All participants underwent physical function and fitness tests. Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores and EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) scores were used to assess disability and health-related QOL. RESULTS: The results for the handgrip strength, sit-and-reach, functional reach, and timed up and go (TUG) tests were significantly higher in the control group than the LSS group. ODI scores were significantly higher and EQ-5D-5L scores significantly lower in the LSS group. TUG and functional reach test scores were significantly correlated with ODI scores, and handgrip strength was strongly interrelated with ODI and EQ-5D-5L scores in the LSS group. No other physical fitness measures showed statistically significant relationships with ODI or EQ-5D-5L scores. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly Korean women with LSS, back pain-related disability and QOL are significantly associated with some physical fitness parameters such as handgrip strength. Handgrip strength reflects general muscle strength, which is significantly interrelated with the level of disability and QOL. Our results suggest that enhancing generalized muscle strength helps to reduce disability due to back pain and improve QOL in patients with LSS.
Aged* ; Back Pain ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness* ; Quality of Life* ; Spinal Stenosis*