Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana , and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana . We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperaturedependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels.

Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana , and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana . We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperaturedependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels.

Early onset of systemic toxicity of local anesthetics is a common complication in regional anesthesia. However late onset of systemic toxicity is an unfamiliar phenomenon for an anesthesiologist. We present a case of a late onset of systemic toxicity of local anesthestics in a patient who received brachial plexus block for hand surgery. An hour later after the block, he complained of light-headedness and anxiety. Then he was found to be unconsciousness with involuntary movement of his four extremities. Later his speech became slurred and patient became unresponsive. Following which, general anesthesia was induced and the patient recovered his consciousness after surgery with no sequela related to systemic toxicity with local anesthetics. We observe from this report that considering the time for local anesthetics to reach peak plasma concentration, anesthesiologists should monitor and observe their patient for at least an hour from the completion of brachial plexus block.
Anesthesia, Conduction ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Local ; Anxiety ; Brachial Plexus ; Consciousness ; Dizziness ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Plasma ; Unconsciousness

Background: Needle insertion for spinal anesthesia using the Taylor approach is challenging as the L5-S1 space is difficult to locate from the surface anatomy. In this study, we suggest the use of three-dimensional (3D) pelvis computed tomography (CT) to assist anesthesiologists in locating the needle insertion point. By comparing the success rate of 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach to that of other approaches in the existing literatures, we suggest this technique as an alternative method for subarachnoid block in the L5-S1 space. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the records of hip arthroplasty using the 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach. An imaginary guidance line was created from the intersection point of the midline and intercristal line on the posterior view of the 3D pelvis CT to the ideal skin insertion point for Taylor approach. The primary outcome was the success rate. The secondary outcomes included the angle between the intercristal line and the guidance line, and the length of the guidance line and the distance between the ideal needle insertion point and the L5-S1 space. Results: We reviewed the records of the 276 patients who underwent hip arthroplasty using 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach. In this cohort, the 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach in L5-S1 subarachnoid block failed in only 25/276 patients. The success rate of 3D CT-assisted Taylor approach was 90.9%. Conclusions A 3D pelvis CT-assisted Taylor approach of spinal anesthesia can be an alternative method for subarachnoid block in the L5-S1 space with an acceptable success rate.

Undetected endobronchial intubation during general anesthesia can cause serious complications. However, it is very difficult to determine the exact location of the endotracheal tube when it is positioned in the middle of the trachea. We experienced a patient who showed hypoxia caused by the positioning of the endobronchial tube. We think that the tube might have been advanced from the upper part of the carina into the right main bronchus while the neck was being flexed by the neurosurgeon for achieving better surgical exposure.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Bronchi ; Humans ; Intubation ; Neck ; Trachea

Analgesia ; Anesthetics, Local ; Humans ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Nerve Block ; Paraspinal Muscles