We investigated the effect of 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 on intraocular pressure and peripapillary and optic nerve head microcirclation with Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter. The 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects were divided 2 groups. 2% Borzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 were instilled in each group. The IOP and microcirculation of peripillary retina and optic nerve head were measured before and 90min, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after instillation. The IOP was decreased at 90 minutes, 4, 8 hours after instillation of 2% dorzolamide and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 90 minutes (P<0.05). The IOP was decreased at 90min, 4, 8, 12 hours after instillation of 0.12% UF-021 and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 4 hours(P<0.05). But, there was no statistically significant changes of microciculation in both groups(P>0.05). We suggest that 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 reduce the IOP, but do not alter the mictocirculation of peripapillary retina and optic nerve head.
Flowmeters ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Microcirculation ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

BACKGROUND: Scuba diving has become increasingly popular in Korea. Medical problems are common with dives, especially decompression sickness(DCS). This study was performed to obtain an useful information of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in DCS in Korea. METHOD: We reviewed the 62 cases of Korean divers, who were diagnosed as DCS and received recompression therapy according to U.S. Navy Standard Recompression Treatment Table at Ocean and Underwater Medical Research and Training Center of ROK Navy, for 6 years from Jan. 1993 to Nov. 1998. RESULT: 1) the mean no-decompression limit excess time between type I DCS group(72.7 min.) and type II DCS group(92.8min.) showed significant difference. 2) The rate of symptoms appeared on surfacing and within 10min. after surfacing of type I and type II DCS were 41.4%and 72.7% respectively. 3) The cure late of type I and type II were 75.9%and 42.4% respectively. In type II DCS group, the cure rate of the group within 12 hour-delayed recompression treatment and the group above 12 hour-delayed treatment were 64.3%and time 26.3% respectively, and in type I DCS group, 100% and 66.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the education of safety, the strict observance of the standard decompression table, and the avoidance of excessive repeated diving are important for reducing the risk of diving related disease. And to offer proper management of DCS, there should be more multiplace hyperbaric oxygen chambers, the suitable transport system, and the specialist of diving medicine or hyperbaric medicine in Korea.
Decompression Sickness* ; Decompression* ; Diving ; Education ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation* ; Korea ; Oxygen ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Male ; Penis* ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

BACKGROUND: The effects of Trendelenburg positions used to expose the surgical field may induce intraoperative hemodynamic and respiratory changes that complicate anesthetic management. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position on respiratory and hemodynamic changes with time passage during general anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty patients undergoing anorectal surgery with general anesthesia were studied. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured before the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position (L) and 3 min (LT3), 6 min (LT6), 12 min (LT12), 30 min (LT30) and 60 min (LT60) after the 30 degree Trendelenburg position. The cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), airway resistance (Raw) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were measured by a non-invasive cardiac output monitor. RESULTS: Central venous pressure and peak inspiratory pressure were markedly increased from the lithotomy to the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position. Heart rate was slightly increased while SV, CI, SVR and MAP were decreased. No significant changes of the SV or CI were observed during surgery. The Cdyn was significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The steep lithotomy-Trendelenburg position induces moderate adverse hemodynamic and respiratory effects in healthy patients. These findings indicate the need for more active hemodynamic and respiratory monitoring in patients with a compromised cardiopulmonary function.
Airway Resistance ; Anesthesia, General* ; Cardiac Output ; Central Venous Pressure ; Compliance ; Head-Down Tilt ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Respiratory Mechanics ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance

BACKGROUND: We studied the antibiotic sensitivities to the causative microorganisms of acute simple urinary tract infection for recent 3 years. METHODS: We analyzed 112 microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivities of the 104 patients who were admitted to or visited the Department of Urology, Catholic University St. Marys Hospital and had more than 10cfu/mL on urine culture from June 1996 to January 1999 retrospectively. RESULTS: The chance of gram negative and positive as causative microorganisms was 72.3% and 27.7% respectively. The most common pathogenic microorganisms were Escherichia coli (67.0%) followed by a-hemolytic streptococci, Entercoccus. In gram negative acute UTI, imipenem, sulperanzone showed relatively higher sensitivity, while cotrimoxazole, ampicillin showed relatively lower sensitivity. In gram positive, vancomycin, penicillin showed relatively higher sensitivity, while ampicillin, imipenem showed relatively lower sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that gram negative microorganisms, especially E. coli, is the main cause of acute simple UTI. But, we should be concerned about the increase of gram positive organisms and other gram negative organisms besides E. coli. Regarding to the choice of adequate drug in the treatment of UTI, it is necessary to consider the change of pathologic microorganisms.
Ampicillin ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Penicillins ; Retrospective Studies ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Urology ; Vancomycin

A case of 10 months old Korean female infant with congenital binocular cataracts, posterior fossa cyst, and macrodactyly simulating Marinesco-Sjogren Syndrome is presented. The diagnosis of the posterior fossa cyst was added by brain computerized tomogram, conray ventriculogram and vertebral angiogram. The studies demonstrated marked hydrocephalus with a huge posterior fossa cyst displacing 4 th ventricle and cerebellum anteriorly. The cyst was also extending upward displacing the tentorium superiorly. Following ventriculoperioneal shunt an exploration of the cyst was performed. The cerebellar hemispheres and vermis were appeared to be atrophic and displaced anteriorly due to the cyst. The histologic study of the biopsied cyst wall was normal arachnoid membrane. The authors assume that some of the reported cases of Marinesco- sjogren Syndrome could have similar cystic lesion which was found in this case to cause cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation.
Arachnoid ; Brain ; Cataract* ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Membranes ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations* ; Telescopes*

Lidocaline if frequently administered as a component of an anesthetic : for local or regional nerve blocks, to mitigate the autonomic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, to suppress the cough reflex, and for antiarrythmic therapy. Diazepam dectease the potential central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of local anesthetic agents but -may modify the sitmulant action of lidocaine in addition to their own cardiovascular depressant. The potential cardiovascular toxicity of local anesthetics may be enhanced by the concomitant administration of diazepam. This study was designed to investigate the effects of lidocaine dose and pretreated diazepam to cardiovascular system and plasma concentration of lidocaine. Lidocaine in 100 mcg/kg/min, 200 mcg/kg/min, and 300 mcg/kg/min was given by sequential infusion to dogs anesthetized with halothane-nitrous oxide (Group I). And in group II, after diazepam pretreatment, lidocaine was infused by same way when lidocaine was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma levels (3.97+/-0.22-4.48+/-0.36 mcg/ml) caused a little reduction in cardiovascular hemodynamics. As administered in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min, the higher plasma levels (7.50+/-0.66-11.83+/-0.59 mcg/ml) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), and right ventricular stroke work index (PVSWI) and incresed pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), but was assciated with little changes of heart rate (HR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVM). When lidocaine with pretreated diazepam was administered in 100 mcg/kg/min, the low plasma level, the lower level than when only lidocaine administered. reduced MAP, but was not changed other cardiovascular hemodynamics. While lidocaine was infused in 200 mcg/kg/min, 300 mcg/kg/min in dogs pretreated diazepam, the higher plasma level (7.64+/-0.79-13.79+/-0.82 mcg/ml) was maintained and was associated with reduced CI, SI, LVSWI and incresed PAWP, CVP, SVRI but was a little changes of HR, MPAP, PVRI. After CaCl2 administeration, CI, SI, SVRI, LVSWI was recovered but PAWP, UP was rather incresed than recovered. The foregoing results demonstrate that pretreated diazepam imposes no additional burden on cardiovascular system when a infusion of large dose of lidocaine is given to dogs anesthetized with halothanenitrous oxide. But caution may be advised if the addition of lidocaine is indicated in subjects who have impared autonomic nervous system and who are in hypercarbic, hypoxic, or acidotic states.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Cardiovascular System* ; Central Nervous System ; Central Venous Pressure ; Cough ; Diazepam* ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Intubation ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine* ; Nerve Block ; Plasma* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Reflex ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the current state of interventions for abused children and theireffectiveness by using a systemic review. Methods: Published intervention studies were identified through MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, DBpia, RISS,and Kiss DB. Eligible studies included articles published between 2009 and 2019 in English and Korean. Results: A total of 28 studies were selected for this review. The intervention elements of 28 selected studieswere categorized into 4 themes. The extracted intervention elements were divided into the themes of patient& situation-specific intervention, strengthen parent-child coping capacity and interaction, applyinggroup intervention and integrated intervention, Linkage with community resource and multidisciplinaryapproach. Conclusions The results demonstrate that social and psychological health of abused children has positivelychanged through these interventions. Therefore, it is important to implement treatment through active interventionaimed at helping the affected children.