No abstract available.
Hemifacial Spasm*

A hypothermic, low flow perfusion, using 5% dextrose in water as the priming fluid in the pump-oxygenator, was carried out to observe oxygen consumption, blood pH changes, and CO2 tension during the bypass period. A low oxygen consumption which was approximately one third of the preperfusion value, was observed during the total by-pass period. This is believed to be due to the effect of low flow rates employed, hypothermia and low CO2 tension observed in these animals. The pH of the arterial blood and the partition of the total CO2 remained within a fairly normal range. There was a marked reduction in CO2 tension during the bypass period. Its harmful effect on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and cerebral circulation was discussed. The hemodilution attendant to the use of 5% dextrose in water as the priming fluid is considered insignificant.
Animals ; Dogs ; Glucose/*adverse effects ; *Heart-Lung Machine ; *Hypothermia, Induced ; Plasma Substitutes/*adverse effects

Open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass which is combined with moderate hypothermia and 5% dextrose priming offers several advantages over the conventional methods; i.e., simplification of the machine, economy in operation, elimination of the need for a large amount of heparinized blood, avoidance of hemaological complications and utilization of the unit as a standby method. The results of open heart operations with this method in our initial 10 cases were comparable to other methods. None of the complications and the mortality were directly attributable to the oxygenator itself.

No abstract available.
Seroepidemiologic Studies*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Esophageal Atresia* ; Fistula* ; Humans

This study was planned to determine the subjective and objective refraction under Mydrin P (Sansei Do Pham. Co.) among 758 Korean high school girls in Seoul area age of 12 to 18 years. Brightness (illumination) of 6 class rooms out of 30 in junior high school and 11 class rooms out of 24 in senior high school was measured with a sight meter (Western model 703-60, type 7, Western Co.) and a sun light illumination meter (Western model 756, Weston Co.). 1. Among 758 high school girls, error was 80.34% and emmetropia 19.66%. 2. As to the distribution of refractive erros, 30.02% was hyperopic refractive error and 69.98% was myopic refractive error. 3. The incidence of each refractive errors was the following order: hyperopia 15.44%, myop4 37.40%, compound myopic astigmatism 15.04%, compound hyperopic astigmatism 5.54%, simple myopic astigmatism 3.23%, simple hyperopic astigmatism 2.9%, mixed astigmations 0.73%. 5. The incidence of refractive errors in relation to age reveals the myopic refractive error increases from 37.35% at the age of 12 years reaching to 97.06% at the age of 18 years, while the hyperopic refractive error decreases from 62.65% at the age of 12 years decreasing to 2.94% at the age of 18 years. 6. Emmetropia was most frequent at the age of 16 years and there after tends to decrease. 7. Hyperopic refractive error under 1.00D was 23.99% and myopic refractive error under 1.00D was 26.62%. 8. As to the type of astigmatism, "with the rule" was 52.88%, "against rule" 40.14%, "oblique" 4.33% and mixed astigmatism 2.64% only. 9. The brightness of classrooms reveals averaing 75.5 F.C. in senior high school and 30.2 F.C. in senior high school. The day light factor measured at the same time was average 6.2% in junior high school and 1.8% in senior high school. The balance of illumination measured at the sametime was average 69.8% in junior high school and 52.6% in senior high school.
Astigmatism ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Incidence ; Lighting ; Refractive Errors ; Seoul ; Solar System

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Hydrocephalus*

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a disease that causes pyloric canal or duodenal atresia by various etiologies. It is mainly caused by malignancy or peptic ulcer and rarely caused by corrosive injury, gastric polyp, pyloric stenosis, bezoar, or biliary stone. We report a rare case of GOO due to unreported etiology. A 74-year-old male patient with medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke came to the emergency medical center with a chief complaint of acute stomachache. On abdominal computed tomography, it was diagnosed as GOO due to gall bladder distension from acute cholecystitis. During conservative treatment and antibiotics administration, gastrofibroscopy and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed to determine other etiologies; however, the final diagnosis was made as acute cholecystitis. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, he was discharged without specific complications. On a pathology examination postoperation, there was no specific diagnosis, except for acute cholecystitis. Gastric outlet obstruction is caused by various etiologies, with the course of treatment being dependent on the specific etiology. We report a rare case of GOO caused by gall bladder distension due to acute cholecystitis. Various etiologies should be considered carefully to include even the rare etiologies for choosing the correct treatment.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bezoars ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Pathology ; Peptic Ulcer ; Polyps ; Pyloric Stenosis ; Stroke ; Urinary Bladder*

The vibration-induced reflexogenic erection (VIE), one of the physiologic erections, was compared with rigigram of the nocturnal penile erection ( NPE), another type of physiologic erection in 36 patients of erectile dysfunction ( psychogenic in 18, vasculogenic in 18). The efficacy of the VIE as a screening test was evaluated. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Among 32 patients with more than 40% of penile rigidity on rigigram of NPE, 14 (46%) were VIE-negative. Out of 18 patients with VIE-positive, none showed rigidity less than 40% on rigigram of NPE, but out of 18 patients with VIE-negative, 4 showed penile rigidity less than 40%, 7 showed that of 40-70% and 7 showed that more than 70% on rigigram of NPE. 2. Among 18 patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction, there was none with penile rigidity less than 40% on rigigram of NPE but 5 showed VIE-negative. 3. Among 18 patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction, 4 (22% ) showed penile rigidity less than 40%, 9 (50%) showed that of 40-70%, 5(28%) showed that more than 70% on rigigram of NPE, and 13 (70% ) were VIE-negative. Therefore, VIE-positive means normal function of the local nerve system, neurotransmission and vascular system, and hence excludes the necessity of the NPE test, but it seems likely that VIE can not always take the place of NPE in VIE-negative patients.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Penile Erection* ; Synaptic Transmission

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign, non-functioning tumor that is frequently discovered incidentally. We report here on a case of a 47-year-old woman with an incidentally found adrenal tumor. She was slightly obese and had been diagnosed with diabetes. Her blood sugar level was well-controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents. All the laboratory test results were within normal limits. The abdomen CT scan revealed a well-demarcated homogenous solid mass that was 9cm in diameter, and it consisted of fat tissues. The differential diagnosis for malignant tumors was necessary, so we performed complete surgical excision. The patient recovered well without any major complications. If the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma is definite, then regular follow-up of this type of patient is sufficient. However, as the differential diagnosis with malignant tumors is rather difficult and as spontaneous hemorrhage can persist in the giant myelolipomas that are greater than 10cm in diameter, performing complete surgical excision is inevitable.
Abdomen ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; Blood Glucose ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Middle Aged ; Myelolipoma