No abstract available.
Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

Aicardi syndrome is defined by the clinical triad infantile spasms, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and pathognomonic chorioretinal lacunae. Infantile spasm begins at early infancy and tends to be controlled poorly. The prognosis is poor in the patient with severe developmental delay and intractable seizures being common. We present a case of Aicardi syndrome in the 9-month-old female infant with infantile spasm, spastic tetraplegia and microcephaly. Her brain MRI revealed corpus callosum agenesis, atrophy of left hemisphere and periventricular heterotopia. She showed bilateral choroidal and optic disc coloboma. We report this case with the review of literatures.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum ; Aicardi Syndrome* ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Choroid ; Coloboma ; Corpus Callosum ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microcephaly ; Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia ; Prognosis ; Quadriplegia ; Seizures ; Spasms, Infantile

Lissencephaly results from a neuromigrational arrest during first and second trimester of pregnancy and shows hypotonia, marked mental retardation and seizure as predominant features. Myelination is a perinatal process and co-occurence of migrational disorder with myelination disorder is rare. We report a 17-month-old male with mixed quadriplegia and mental retardation with type 1 lissencephaly and dysmyelination of cerebral white matter diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.
Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Lissencephaly* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Myelin Sheath ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Quadriplegia* ; Seizures

An unbalanced translocation is frequently the result of inheritance of an unbalanced haploid set from a parent with a balanced translocation. Families in which one parent is a balanced translocation carrier fall into the following classes : Those in which none of the possible abnormal offsprings is viable; Those in which one type of offspring, usually the one with the smaller deletion, is born alive; Those in which two types of abnormal offspring are viable. We report a neonate whose karyotype was 46,XX,der(2)t(2;7)(q21;p21.2),der(20)t(2;20)(q21;p13). She was small for her gestational age and had multiple anomalies such as exophthalmos, corneal opacity, short neck, tongue tie, clinodactyly, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and ventriculomegaly. Moreover, her mother's karyotype was 46,XX,der(2)t(2;7)(q21;p21.2),del(16)(q22.1),der(20)t(2;20)(q21;p13) but her father had normal karyotype. The same derivative chrosomes were found between mother and her infant, except for del(16)(q22.1) in her mother and these same unbalanced translocations in a two-generation family are extremely rare.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ; Corneal Opacity ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Exophthalmos ; Fathers ; Gestational Age ; Haploidy ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotype ; Mothers ; Neck ; Parents ; Tongue ; Wills

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Female ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* ; Placenta* ; Pregnancy*

Alpha1a-adrenergic receptor (AR) primarily mediates the contraction of the prostatic and cavernous smooth muscles. Among clinically available alpha1-AR antagonists for the medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), tamsulosin has a modest selectivity for alpha1A- and alpha1D- over alpha1B-ARs. To compare the effects of various alpha1-AR antagonists on relaxation responses of cavernous and trigonal smooth muscles, isometric tension studies with relatively selective (tamsulosin) and non-selective (prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin) alpha1A-AR antagonists, were conducted in the cavernous and trigonal muscle strips of rabbits (n=10 each). Tamsulosin had the strongest inhibitory effect on contraction of trigonal smooth muscle among the various alpha1-AR antagonists, and the inhibitory activities of prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin were not statistically different. All alpha1-AR antagonists caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the cavernous muscle strips. Tamsulosin was shown to have greater potency than prazosin (more than 100-fold), doxazosin (more than 1000-fold), and terazosin (more than 1000-fold), in relaxation of cavernous smooth muscle. In conclusion, tamsulosin might be the most effective drug among the four commonly used alpha1-AR antagonists for the medical management of BPH. Tamsulosin might be a potential substitute for phentolamine in combination with vasoactive agents as an intracavernous injection therapy for patients with erectile dysfunction.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Animal ; Comparative Study ; Doxazosin/pharmacology* ; In Vitro ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Muscle Relaxation/drug effects* ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects* ; Prazosin/pharmacology* ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology*

OBJECTIVE: The pathologic diagnosis of the astrocytoma has been primarily based on the histologic grading, however, there are some discrepancies among the pathologists on the tumor grading. Met protein, known as the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, is a transmembrane 190 kDa heterodimer with tyrosine kinase activity, encoded by c-met gene. Although c-Met protein is known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and plays important roles in signal transduction, the study on its expression related to clinicopathological prognostic parameters in brain tumor is rare. METHODS: We have evaluated c-Met protein expression in association with p53 and Ki-67 expression in 35 astrocytic tumors (15 diffuse astrocytomas: LGA, 11 anaplastic astrocytomas: AA, 9 Glioblastoma multiforme: GBM) using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: c-Met immunoreactivity was observed in 2 LGA(13.3%), 5AA(45.5%), 4GBM cases (44.4%), respectively. p53 immunoreactivity was observed in 2 LGA(13.3%), 4AA(36.4%), 4GBM cases (44.4%), respectively. Ki-67 labelling index was 1.7+/-1.0% (LGA), 13.3+/-.2% (AA) and 18.0+/-.1% (GBM), respectively. Each c-Met expression and the Ki-67 labelling index were statistically correlated between low grade and anaplastic astrocytomas. The c-Met and p53 expression rate were not associated with increased Ki-67 labelling index. But, c-Met, p53, Ki-67 expression tended to increase with higher grade of malignancy. CONCLUSION: We conclude that c-Met expression may contribute to the invasiveness and tumor progression of the astrocytoma and c-Met expression is useful in discrimination between low grade astrocytoma and anaplastic astrocytoma.
Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Glioblastoma ; Neoplasm Grading ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To determine the normal data of R3 component of blink reflex in normal adults. METHOD: Subjects included 17 healthy males and 16 healthy females. Five trials of blink reflex were recorded from each side. The shortest latency of R3 response was the shortest among the 5 consecutive trials was selected. RESULTS: Mean onset latency of R3 was 79.8 ms, mean duration 31.0 ms, mean amplitude 399.5 V and a side-to-side difference of latency was 2.3 ms. The amplitude of R3 decreased with age. The latencies and durations of R1 and R2 were not related to those of R3. The amplitude of R2 was correlated with that of R3. CONCLUSION: This data will be useful for the localization of brainstem and cervical spinal cord lesions.
Adult ; Blinking* ; Brain Stem ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values* ; Spinal Cord

Background: The Korean Blood Safety Commission established the Regional Networks for Blood Transfusion Management (RNBTM) Project which has operated in 14 regions across the country since 2017 to help blood transfusion management in small and medium-sized medical institutions. Since implementation of the RNBTM, participant’s satisfaction has not been evaluated, therefore in order to evaluate participant’s satisfaction and assist in future planning a survey was conducted. Methods: Fourteen facilitators participated in an anonymous on-line survey (5 questions). Laboratory Medicine (LM) doctors from small and medium-sized medical institutions from 14 regions also participated in a separate anonymous on-line survey (15 questions). Results: 14/14 (100%) facilitators responded to the survey. In addition to the RNBTM they were also in favor of establishing a Network of University Hospitals. 135 LM doctors responded to the survey. Of the RNBTM participants, 94.1% (111/118) replied that RNBTM was helpful in providing and exchanging blood transfusion information. Respondents indicated that they wished to remain part of RNBTM into the future because they felt that RNBTM not only helped improve quality of blood transfusions but also other aspects in the laboratory. In 70.4% (95/135) of participating medical institutions, LM doctors have been the Chairperson of the Hospital Transfusion Committee. Conclusion Extremely positive survey results were received from LM doctors. These survey results from LM doctors and facilitators will be helpful in developing and planning future projects related to RNBTM.

Objectives: Community Water Fluoridation (CWF) was suspended in Ansan city in 2018. The purpose of this study was to inspect the status of caries in the permanent teeth of adolescents and suggest the index as the baseline for cohort study in the CWF suspended area. Methods: Oral examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted on adolescents aged 12 years. Of 1,479 individuals, 890 (60.2%) consented to the examinations. Frequency and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the status of permanent dental caries by demographic, sociological, and health behavioral characteristics. The study was conducted with approval from IRB Kyung Hee University. Results: The findings reveal gaps in the prevalence of caries among the study sample according to demographic, sociological and health behavioral factors. Rates of untreated caries were higher among adolescents who stayed in the area for a lesser duration, had foreign parents, or had cariogenic drinks more often (p<0.05). Conclusions A gap in untreated caries was observed based on demographic, sociological, and health behavioral factors. The findings of the study suggest the need to monitor oral health following cessation of CWF, along with developing alternative programs in the near future.