Ischemia results when the decrease in tissue perfusion exceeds the tissues ability to increase an oxygen extraction from the blood. Brain edema has been defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid within brain parenchyma associated with a volumetric enlargement of the brain tissue. In most instances, the labelling of edema as vasogenic or cytotoxic is only relative. For cerebral protection, there were many possible techniques which could increase or maintain cerebral perfusion and reduce cerebral metabolic demand for oxygen. This study was carried out the effect of mild
Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Edema ; Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Tissues

Essential osteolysis is a rare, progressive, slow and bone-resorptive disease that mainly involves carpal bone, metacarpal bone, tarsal bone, metatarsal bone and elbow joint. Authors had recently experienced one case of “essential osteolysis” that had involved the bilateral carpal, metacarpal, bilateral tarsal, metatarsal bone, elbow and ankle joint without associated renal insufficiency, hypertension and significant familial history.
Ankle Joint ; Carpal Bones ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Hypertension ; Metatarsal Bones ; Osteolysis, Essential ; Renal Insufficiency ; Tarsal Bones

Unexplained incidental intracranial hemorrhages during induction of general anesthesia are very rare. When it dose occur, anesthetists are involved in serious problems which can lead to disaster. We had a case where a hidden cerebral aneurysm ruptured during the induction in a patient. A 56 year old female was scheduled for a skin graft procedure on her face, anterior chest and both arms. For general anesthesia, she was induced with 300 mg of thiopental and 75 mg of succinylcholine. This was followed by endotraeheal intubation. The Anesthesia was maintained with N2O/O2 and enflurane. Appoximately 10 minutes after the induction was started the patient's pupil became fully dilated and we observed that her light reflexes were gone. Consequently, all anesthetics were discontinued, and the schedule was cancelled. She had a brain CT taken which showed subarachnoid hemorrhage. She died of rebleeding from cerebral aneurysm on the 12th postoperative day during the recovery process.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Appointments and Schedules ; Arm ; Brain ; Disasters ; Enflurane ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Intubation ; Middle Aged ; Pupil ; Reflex ; Rupture* ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Thorax ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Thrombosis*

No abstract available.
Pneumothorax* ; Thoracotomy*

An extensive variety of methods has been used to detect antisperm antibodies in infertile individuals, and this reflects a concern about the immunological validity, interpretation and standardization of the tests. Comparisons of different methods using the same test materials have shown little correlation between results. The purpose of this Study is to compare the results of three methods. ELISA, gelatin agglutination test and sperm immobilization test-using the same test materials based on recommendations from WHO workshop. The results are as follows: 1. Ten normal controls showed negative reactions in all the 3 tests. Out of 34 patients, the positive sera were noted in 23 (67.6%) on ELISA test, 20 (58.8%) on gelatin agglutination test and 18 (52.9%) on sperm immobilization test. 2. Fifteen (44.1 %) out of 34 patients showed positive reactions in all the 3 tests, and 26 (76.5%) out of 34 patients showed positive reaction in one or more tests. 3. The titers of the antisperm antibodies were higher in the following orders; ELISA, gelatin agglutination test and sperm immobilization test. Therefore, it seems to be possible to increase the detectability of the antisperm antibodies, if more than one tests are impolyed.
Agglutination Tests* ; Agglutination* ; Antibodies ; Education ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Gelatin* ; Humans ; Immobilization* ; Infertility ; Male* ; Spermatozoa*

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of bony and soft tissue by the growth Each 50 boys and girls was studied aged 7 through 9 years old. The results were as follows; 1. Thickness of soft tissue was increased by the growth and much more done in boys than in girls. 2. In the linear measurement of soft tissue change of A-A' was most remakable. 3. Nose length was increased in both boys and grils. Remafkable change was observed in male aged 8 through 9 years old and in female gaed 7 through 8 years old. 4. In the linear measurement of bony tissue change, S-Pg, Go-Me, S-A, and S-N were increased in sequence. 5. Point-A and Pg in bony tissue grow aore downward direction than forward. 6. In the angular measurement, no significant change was obwerved.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male ; Nose

Retrocaval ureter or circumcaval ureter is a congenital anomaly of vascular system commonly causing ureteric obstruction. We present a case of right retrocaval ureter with right renal stone in a 42 year old man and a case with right flank dull pain and hypertension in 40 year old female. They were treated with ureteral end to end anastomosis with double-J stent.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Retrocaval Ureter* ; Stents ; Ureter

We experienced a case of duplicated ureters with the ectopic ureter opening into the vaginal vestibule in a 8-year-old girl. She presented with symptoms of almost continuous dripping of urine from the vagina which started from her infancy. She did have her voluntary control of voiding through her normal urethra. The management of ectopic ureter in the duplicated system depends on the renal function, presence of vesicoureteral reflux, and renal dysplasia. We were able to preserve the function of the entire renal parenchyma in this patient by pyeloureterostomy.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ureter* ; Urethra ; Vagina ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

This report is a clinical analysis of 3400 cases of continuous epidural block for labour and delivery during the period of January 1985 to April 1988. Among the 3400 parturients, there were 2230 nulliparas and 1070 multiparas. From January 1985 to April 1988, total numbers of vaginal delivery were 6724 cases and epidural block were perfomred in 55.1% of the parturients for the relief of pain during labour. Drugs used for epidural block were 0.25%, 0.375%, 0.5% bupivacaine mixed with epinephrine(1:300,000) and 1.5% lidocaine mixed with epinephrine(1:300,000). Effect of pain relief was good in 90% of epidural blocks, fair in 9% and poor in 1%, 53 parturients were undergone cesarean section during the epidural analgesia due to induction failure, prolonged 2nd stage and fetal distress. Complications were recorded i.e. dural puncture(38 cases), headache(26 cases), backache(58 cases), high spinal anesthesia(2 cases), hypotension(35 cases), shivering(32 cases) and burn(1 case). According to our experiences we have obtained the following results. 1) There were little adverse clinical resctions on mothers and fetuses. 2) The progress of labour was insignificantly delayed with our procedures and drugs used for analgesia. 3) The number of parturients have increased gradually since we have started painless delivery in January 1985.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Epidural ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Mothers ; Pregnancy