Retinoblastoma is a rare, congenital and malignant tumor that arises from the retina. It is one of the most common intraocular tumors occurring during childhood. Frequently it occurs monocularly and hereditarily, Early diagnosis and adequate treatment improves the survival. The prognosis is very unfavourable if the choroid is affected or the orbit or the central nervous system is invaded or if metastases ha ve occurred. The authors report a case of retinoblastoma in a three year old Korean girl metastasized to the bone marrow with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Anemia ; Bone Marrow* ; Central Nervous System ; Choroid ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinoblastoma* ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: To study the correlation between the Humphrey standard automated perimetry (SAP) and the Humphrey Matrix Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) perimetry and diagnostic usefulness of the Humphrey Matrix FDT perimetry. METHODS: This study included 170 eyes of 170 patients. The 170 eyes were classified into 50 normal eyes, 20 ocular hypertensive eyes, 50 glaucoma-suspect eyes and 50 glaucomatous eyes. All subjects were examined with the Humphrey Matrix perimetry and the Humphrey standard automated perimetry. We studied the correlations between mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation(PSD) of the Humphrey SAP and those of the Humphrey Matrix perimetry, respectively, in each of the classified group. RESULTS: Overall, MD and PSD of the Humphrey SAP were significantly correlated with MD and PSD of the Humphrey Matrix perimetry, respectively. However, MD and PSD of the Humphrey Matrix perimetry were not showed a significant correlation in normal subjects (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there were significant correlations between the MD and PSD of the SAP and those of the Humphrey Matrix perimetry in glaucoma, glaucoma-suspect and ocular hypertension. These finding suggests the Humphrey Matrix perimetry has performance characteristics similar to SAP and diagnostic value.
Glaucoma ; Humans ; Ocular Hypertension ; Visual Field Tests*

Lectin is a non-immunological glycoprotein and binds specifically to carbohydrate terminals in tissue. Lectin histochemistry using 10 different biotinylated lectins was performed to investigate the effects on thirty-two pigmented rabbit retinas during wound healing. The results are as follows: 1) In normal retina. a) WGA, RCA I, and LCA were bound to the internal limiting membrane. b) WGA, RCA I, LCA, and PNA were bound to the photoreceptor layer. c) WGA, RCA I, LCA, SJA, ConA and BSL I were bound to the basal side of retinal pigment epithelium. d) PNA was bound to cone cell only. e) SBA, DBA, and UEA I didn't bind to any layers of retina. 2) In photocoagulated wound. One day after photocoagulation WGA, LCA and RCA I began to show increased reaction. At 3 and 5 days these lectins sustained reactivity. At 7 days increased reactivity began to decrease or disappear from wound. Macrophages had positive reaction to BSL I, WGA, LCA, and RCA I. In conclusion these results indicate that a-mannose, a glucose, a, beta-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuramic acid are present in glycoconjugates of normal rabbit neural retina. It seems that some glycoconjugates may be related to vitreoretinal, retinal and chorioretinal adhesion in normnal retinal, and after argon laser photocoagulation. WGA-binding, LCA-binding and RCA I-binding glycoconjugates may play a part in cell adhesion during early wound healing.
Argon* ; Cell Adhesion ; Glucose ; Glycoconjugates* ; Glycoproteins ; Lectins ; Light Coagulation* ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Retina* ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1 in allergic and chemical conjunctivitis. The allergic and chemical conjunctivitis were induced in C57BL/6 mouse by compound 48/80(C48/80) and 2% characterized clinically by blepharospasm 100%, chemosis 80%, injection AgNO3, respectively. The allergic conjunctivitis was characterized clinically by blepharospasm 100%, chemosis 80%, injection, 40%, mucous discharge 20%, but the chemical conjunctivitis by blepharospasm 80%, chemosis 60%, infection 40% and no mucous discharge at 30 minute after topical application. On the endothelial cells, ICAM-1 was expressed from 1 to 48 hours, VCAM-1 from 6 to 72 hours and PECAM-1 from 1 to 72 hours in allergic conjunctivitis. In chemical conjuctivitis, the expression of ICAM-1 was observed from 6 to 72 hours. The expression of VCAM-1 was observed from 24 and 72 hours. The expression of PECAM-1 was demonstrated from 6 to 72 hours. The expression of cell adhesion molecules, particulary VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, was slighter in chemical conjunctivitis compared to allergic conjunctivitis. In conclusion, experimental allergic and chemical conjunctivitis demonstrate that cell adhesion molecules play a role in part in ocular inflammation and that there are differences between the adhesion molecule expression of two types of confunctivitis.
Animals ; Antigens, CD31 ; Blepharospasm ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Conjunctivitis* ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Endothelial Cells ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Mice ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

PURPOSE: To establish a new therapeutic strategy for proliferative vitreoretinopathhy (PVR), we examined the effect of combined treatment with HDAC inhibitor SAHA and proteasome inhibitor lactacystin in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, ARPE-19. METHODS: Viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. Proteasome activity was measured by fluorophotometry. The expression and degradation of apoptosis-related proteins were assesssed by Western blotting. Subcellular location of apoptosis-related factors was monitored by confocal miscroscopy. RESULTS: A single treatment with 5 micro M SAHA or 10 micro M lactacystin did not reduce cell viability. However, combination treatment with 5 micro M SAHA and 10 micro M lactacystin substantially reduced the viability, because the mixture induced the reduction of MMP and nuclear condensation or fragmentation. Moreover, the combination treatment triggered the activation of caspase-3 and the production of PARP cleavage products. These data indicate that the combination treatment efficiently induces apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. However, co-treatment of SAHA did not augment the proteasome inhibitory activity of lactacystin, nor did co-treatment of lactacystin augment acetylation of histones. It is notable that while p53 and CAD were observed in the mitochondria of cells treated with SAHA, they were translocated into the nucleus after the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the combination treatment of SAHA and lactacystin effectively induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Further work is warranted to develop this combination therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy for PVR.
Acetylation ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorophotometry ; Histones ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; Retinaldehyde ; Trypan Blue

A 51-year-old male was admitted three month previously with a cardiac stab injury and he underwent direct cardiac repair. He had no problem after this event. He complained of dyspnea that started 2 months after the original injury. Echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation and so, chordac replacement and ring annuloplasty was performed. Herein we report on a case of tricuspid valve repair for treating tricuspid insufficiency following a cardiac stab injury.
Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency* ; Tricuspid Valve* ; Wounds, Stab

PURPOSE: To compare anterior segment parameters in angle-closure glaucoma (ACG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and normal subjects (N) using a Schiempflug camera. METHODS: Central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were measured in ACG (93 eyes of 92 patients), POAG (90 eyes of 87 patients), and normal (91 eyes of 88 subjects) with Pentacam(R) and A-scan. All of the results and measurements were then compared. RESULTS: Compared to normal and POAG patients, ACG patients presented with significantly different measurements of CCT, LT, AL, and ACA, ACD, and ACV (p<0.05). Further, correlations were high between three measurements (ACA, ACD, ACV) in ACG, and the best correlations were found in acute angle-closure glaucoma (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: By using a Schiempflug camera it was possible to assess the correlation between anterior segment parameters (ACA, ACD, ACV) in glaucoma patients. The best correlations were found in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and thus anterior segment parameters can offer reciprocally complementary information.
Anterior Chamber ; Eye ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments

In recent years, the use of allograft conduits in repair of congenital cardiac disease is widely accepted. Howerer, the supply of homograft is currently limiting their increased clinical application, especially small cryopreserved homografts for use in neonates and infants. We used a technique to surgically reduce the size of the more readily available large-diameter allografts, making them suitable for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in small infants and children. From December 1994 to March 1996, a total of 11 patients ranging in age from 10 months to 6 years (mean age, 27.3 months) and ranging in weight from 5.6 to 18.5 kg (mean 11.5 kg) underwent reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract using this surgical technique (pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, 9 cases; tetralogy of Fallot, 2 cases). The diameter after downsizing ranged from 14 to 19 mm with a mean of 16.8 mm. There was one operative death due to rupture of the infected homograft. Evaluation of these patients between 2 and 15 months(mean 6.9 months) after homograft implantation reveals excellent clinical and echocardiographic results. There were no significant homograft insufficiency and RVOT obstructions. Although a longer follow-up is certainly required to evaluate the long term fate of the surgically modified bicuspid homografts, we believe that this technique may represent a valuable therapeutic alternative, at least in the short term, to the use of synthetic grafts when an appropriately sized homograft is not available.
Allografts* ; Bicuspid* ; Child ; Cryopreservation ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Rupture ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Transplants

A 60-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of general weakness. Chest radiography showed lung mass on left lower lobe. After left lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection, The mass was pathologically diagnosed as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is rare. Herein we report a case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in lung.
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Node Excision ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Thorax

A 42-year-old female was admitted to our hospital complaining of a dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed left atelectasis. A mass was detected in left main bronchus by computed tomography and bronchoscopy. The mass was diagnosed as a endobronchial leiomyoma by biopsy exam. After open thoracotomy and bronchotomy, mass removal was done and middle lobe was ventilated normally. Aberrant arterial supply from descending aorta to left lower lobe of the lung was detected and left lower lobectomy was done. The lower lobe of the left lung was pathologically diagnosed as intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Herein we report a rare coexistent case of endobronchial leiomyoma and intralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Biopsy ; Bronchi ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Bronchoscopy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Lung ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax