No abstract available.
Pneumothorax* ; Thorax*

The treatment of tibial shaft fracture has become one of the most controversial subjects in orthopedic surgery. Comminuted, segmental and rotationally unstable fractures or bone defect at fraction site have problems of the fixation. The interlocking nail solve these problems. We have experienced 8 cases of the tibial shaft fractures treated with interlocking nail from 1986 to 1988. Authors analyzed these cases and out own clinical study. The results were as follows. 1. The average bone union rate was about 15 weeks. 2. The interval between operation and crutch walking was 4.3 weeks. 3. The merits of this operation were the short hospitalization and early adaptation of social activity. 4. The advantage is be able to do early ambulation without following muscular atrophy or joint stiffness. 5. The results were assessed on clinical examination and radiographic appearance by Hamza et al. An excellent results were 7 cases and good result was 1 case.
Clinical Study ; Early Ambulation ; Hospitalization ; Joints ; Muscular Atrophy ; Orthopedics ; Walking

BACKGROUND: The large hemodynamic response induced by laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation may cause serious cerebral complications. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of intralaryngotracheal 10% lidocaine spray on hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation for patients with a cerebral aneurysm. METHODS: Sixty patients with a cerebral aneurysm were randomly divided into three groups by lidocaine administration methods before endotracheal intubation: Group 1 (Control, 2% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, intravenous injection); Group 2 (10% lidocaine 1 mg/kg, intralaryngotracheal spray); Group 3 (10% lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, intralaryngotracheal spray). Anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) and thiopental sodium (2 - 3 mg/kg), and then maintained with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and 1.0 vol% isoflurane. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured preinduction, before laryngoscopy, immediately after epiglottis elevation, immediately after intubation and 3 minutes after intubation. Data were compared and analyzed within and between groups. RESULTS: Immediately after intubation, the increase in blood pressure and heart rate were blunted significantly in the groups 2 and 3 compared to the intravenous lidocaine injection group (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant hemodynamic changes between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: The elevation of blood pressure and heart rate after endotracheal intubation can be prevented by intralaryngotracheal spray of 1 mg/kg of 10% lidocaine 3 minutes before endotracheal intubation.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure* ; Epiglottis ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Isoflurane ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine* ; Midazolam ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Thiopental

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

BACKGROUND: We experienced unintentional hyperventilation during mechanical ventilation in pediatric general anesthesia. It is very difficult to decide respiratory rate or tidal volume with a patient's condition for adequate ventilation while respiratory gas monitoring is unavailable in many cases. Therefore, we studied to find a proper respiratory rate (RR) with a fixed tidal volume during mechanical ventilation in general anesthesia. METHODS: We studied 70 children weighing 10-30 kg during general anesthesia. An endotracheal tube was selected according to 3.5+age (yrs)/4. After intubation with midazolam, thiopental sodium and succinylcholine, mechanical ventilation was applied: tidal volume 8-10 ml/kg, peak inspiratory pressure 15-20 mmHg, RR 20 (infant), 18 (under 3 yrs), 16 (under 5 yrs), 14 (above 5 yrs) breaths/min. We adjusted the RR for a PetCO2 30 33 mmHg and arterial blood gas analysis was done 30 minutes each change. We calculated the RR for a PaCO2 of 36 mmHg according to the equation: RR (applied) = estimated RR estimated PaCO2/ideal PaCO2. In addition, the linear regression was analyzed between the age and RR. RESULTS: The estimated regression for RR using Pearson's correlation coefficient was as follows: RR = 19.25-0.07Xage (month). CONCLUSIONS: The equation (RR = 19.25-0.07Xage [month]) could be an index for safe ventilatory management without severe hyper- or hypo-carbia in the pediatric general anesthesia.
Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Intubation ; Linear Models ; Midazolam ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Rate* ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallbladder ; Liver Abscess ; Liver

Objectives: ：We investigated relationship between sleep time and depression in the aged 65 years or older. Methods: ：This study was based on the data from seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). 3,285 people aged 65 years or older were selected as the subjects of this research. The demographic characteristics, sleep time and Patient Health Questinnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were administered for each subjects. Depression was defined as above 10 points of PHQ-9. Results: ：All the demographic variables such as age, sex, education, household income, marital status, drinking and smoking except Body Mass Index (BMI) were correlated with the depression. When we corrected the variables, inadequate sleep time groups (less than 6 hours or more than 9 hours) tended to be depressed. Conclusions ：The study results showed the significant correlation between sleep time and depression in the aged 65 years or older. Adequate sleep time is important to prevent the depression of the aged.