No Abstract Available.
Trabeculectomy*

We investigated the effect of 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 on intraocular pressure and peripapillary and optic nerve head microcirclation with Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter. The 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects were divided 2 groups. 2% Borzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 were instilled in each group. The IOP and microcirculation of peripillary retina and optic nerve head were measured before and 90min, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours after instillation. The IOP was decreased at 90 minutes, 4, 8 hours after instillation of 2% dorzolamide and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 90 minutes (P<0.05). The IOP was decreased at 90min, 4, 8, 12 hours after instillation of 0.12% UF-021 and maximal reduction of IOP was observed at 4 hours(P<0.05). But, there was no statistically significant changes of microciculation in both groups(P>0.05). We suggest that 2% dorzolamide and 0.12% UF-021 reduce the IOP, but do not alter the mictocirculation of peripapillary retina and optic nerve head.
Flowmeters ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Microcirculation ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

Mixed tumor that occurs in the orbit is very rare but takes a great part of the tumors of the lacrimal glands. It is so pleomorphic that a great deal of confusion exists as to the nature and histogenesis. The tumor appears as a palpable mass in the upper and outer quadrant of the orbit. Usually the tumor is hard, nodular and slightly mobile, lying just underneath the orbital rim. The tumor causes exophthalmos associated with proptosis and some limitation of motion. The treatment of the choice is radical excision of the tumor and followed by x-ray radiation. A 40 year old Korean woman had a hard, nontender mass on the left supraorbital region which had developed for about three years. The encapsulated orbital tumor was removed surgically and found to be a mixed tumor histopathologically.
Adult ; Deception ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Male ; Orbit ; Orbit* ; Young Adult

Retinoblastoma is a rare, congenital and malignant tumor that arises from the retina. It is one of the most common intraocular tumors occurring during childhood. Frequently it occurs monocularly and hereditarily, Early diagnosis and adequate treatment improves the survival. The prognosis is very unfavourable if the choroid is affected or the orbit or the central nervous system is invaded or if metastases ha ve occurred. The authors report a case of retinoblastoma in a three year old Korean girl metastasized to the bone marrow with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Anemia ; Bone Marrow* ; Central Nervous System ; Choroid ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit ; Prognosis ; Retina ; Retinoblastoma* ; Thrombocytopenia

To investigate the correlation of peripapillary atrophy with optic disc dupping and disc hemorrhage in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients, tomographic measurements were performed with Heidelberg Retina Tomograph(HRT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). We analyzed cup to disc area ratio(C/D ratio) and peripapillary atrophy to disc area ratio(P/D ratio) from 28 eyes of 14 POAG patients with peripapillary atrophy(Group A), only C/D ratio from 28 eyes of 14 POAG patients without peripapillary atrophy(Group B), and only P/D ratio from 28 eyes of non-glaucomatous subjects with peripapillary atrophy(Group C). Group A was subclassified into thos with disc hemorrhage (Group A-1) and those without dixd hemorrhage(Group A-2), and changes of visual field defects were also analyzed from each subgroup witn Humphrey automated perimetry (Allergan Humphrey, USA, C24-2) at the six-month follow-up. Cup to disc area ratio(0.54+/-0.160)in the Group A was signifcantly higher than that(0.406+/-0.130) in the Group B, and P/D ratio was higher in Group A(0.619+/-0.203) than in the Group C(0.484+/-0.130). P/D ratio was also higher in Group A-1(0.725+/-0.34) than in the Group A-2(0.605+/-0.273). There was no significant difference in mean deviation(M/D) and corrected pattern standard deviation(CPSD) between Group A-1 and Group A-2. The results led us to the conclusion that peripapillary atrophy had significant correlation with glaucomatous damage on optic disc and disc hemorrhage in glaucoma patients. Therefore more attention should be paid tod a glaucoma patient especially when he or she presents with peripapillary atrophy.
Atrophy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Retina ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

The effects of clonidine that is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist are complex in that the intraocular responses are biphasic and dose dependent. The mechanisms of the ocular hypotensive responses to clonidine in the treated and the contralateral untreated eyes seemed to be dependent on the central activity of clonidine and the intact peripheral adrenergic system. Apraclonidine is a clonidine derivative which penetrates into the blood-brain barrier minimally and lowers the intraocular pressure significantly not accompanied by systemic side effects such as change in blood pressure and pulse rate. The main purpose of the present study is to use apraclonidine to elucidate the influence of the central and peripheral sympathetic activity in the change of the morphology of the ciliary nonpigmented epithelium in the pigmented rabbits 0.1 cc of 1% apraclonidine was injected into the vitreous cavity of pigmented rabbits after removal of 0.1 cc of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 3, 5, 7 days after injection. The eyes were observed with light microscopic examination. 1. In the 1st day's specimen, swollen nonpigmented epithelium and increased pigments were noted in the treated eye. 2. In the treated eye on the 5th day, vacuole like appearances under the nucleus of the nonpigmented epithelium were noted. 3. Except for the appearance of slightly increased pigmented granules in the 3rd and 5th day's specimen, there were no significant changes in any of the nontreated eyes. 4. The mechanism of the hypotensive response of apraclonidine seemed to be dependent on the alpha2-adrenergic receptors which are located in the eye, not on the central nor on the peripheral adrenergic system.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Blood Pressure ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Clonidine ; Epithelium* ; Heart Rate ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Rabbits* ; Vacuoles

We analyzed the clinical result of trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation which has antifibrotic and antiinflammatory action in risky glaucoma patients. Subjects were included four eyes of four patients with neovascular glaucoma, one eye of one patient with primary open angle glaucoma and four eyes of three patients with congenital glaucoma. After limbal based scleral flap was made in triangular shape with 5x4 mm sized, amniotic membrane, sized by 6x6 mm with epithelial side up, was placed on the scleral flap and then sutured to medial and lateral portion at 3 mm superior to base of scleral flap base with 10-0 nylon(2 points). The state of bleb, intraocular pressure and complications were observed at postoperative 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th week. The IOP was reduced from 33.6+/-11.1 mmHg, to 15.5+/-6.5 mmHg at postoperative one week, 17.0+/-8.3 mmHg at three weeks, 16.9+/-8.1 mmHg at six weeks, 17.1+/-6.4 mmHg at nine weeks. 6 eyes(77.7%)had controlled IOP under 21 mmHg without antiglaucomatous agents at last follow up. Avascular blebs were observed throughout postoperative period in all subjects. Postoperative complications were shallow anterior chamber in one eye at 1st week and low intraocular pressue in one eye at 1st, 3rd week, that resolved at six weeks. Trabeculectomy with amniotic membrane transplantation on the scleral flap appeared to be effective as an augment therapy for filtering surgery in risky glaucoma.
Amnion ; Anterior Chamber ; Blister ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Membranes* ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technique that can provide cross-sectional images of the retina. This study was designed to evaluate the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve head shape in normal eyes using OCT. METHODS: A total of 134 normal Korean volunteers in different age groups (age range, 10-50 years) were recruited for this study. Fifty-nine males and 75 females were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 24.0+/-12.91 years. RESULTS: At optic disc scan, the horizontal and vertical C/D ratios were 0.55 and 0.48, respectively, which were statistically significant (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation with increasing age was identified in the C/D area ratio and horizontal C/D ratio. According to the RNFL scan, the inferior and superior areas were significantly thicker than the nasal and superior areas. These areas were thinner with age. In addition, RNFL thickness in the superonasal, inferotemporal and superotemporal areas differed between subjects under 20 years old and those over 21 years old. CONCLUSIONS: We determined that RNFL thickness and optic nerve head shape in normal Koreans had age-related differences. These results could provide correctness with OCT scan in glaucoma patients.
Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Volunteers ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of oral Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB 761) on visual field in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) based on the vascular theory among the machanisms of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. METHODS: A retrospective automated visual field data were obtained from Ginkgo group (20 patients, 38 eyes) and control group (20 patients, 40 eyes). Both groups underwent five Humphrey C24-2 field program over at least 4 years, and had glaucomatous optic nerve damage and visual field change, whose IOP were maintained under 21mmHg during all follow-up periods. Linear regression was performed with respect to mean deviation (MD), corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD), and mean thresholds of Glaucoma Hemifield test (GHT). Subjects were classified as progressive, improvement, stationary based on the slope and statistical significance. RESULTS: There were 6 eyes (15.8%) with improvements with regard to MD in Ginkgo group. There were 5 eyes (13.2%) with improvements in Ginkgo group and 3 eyes (7.5%) with improvements in control group with regard to CPSD. With GHT cluster analysis, there were 13 eyes (34.2%) with improvements in Ginkgo group and 5 eyes (12.5%) with improvements in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The visual field in patient with NTG was improved in GBE group through MD, CPSD, and GHT cluster mean threshold, which was relatively compatible with known NTG visual field defect.
Follow-Up Studies ; Ginkgo biloba* ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Optic Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

In glaucoma patients, optic nerve head analysis is very useful in early detection and progression during follow-up. Among optic nerve head analysis methods, the confocal laser tomographic scanner(Heidelberg Retina Tomograph: HRT) is actively studied for accurate and highly reproducible analysis.We analyzed the optic nerve head of 62 normal eyes(male 40 eyes, female 22 eyes) in third decade of Korean with HRT, and calculated the mean value of each parameters in HRT and evaluated the difference between men and women. We also studied the distribution fo the value of each parameter in normal third decade of Korean. In addition, for the parameters of Rim/Disc area ratio, we calculated the mean value in 6 divisions of optic nerve head.The mean value of Disc area was 2.039mm3, Cup area 0.593mm3, rim area 1.716mm3 and Cup/Disc area ratio 0.237. Rim volume, Maximal cup depth, Height variation contour, Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and Retinal nerve fiber layer cross sectional area were statistically different between men and women. For Rim/Disc area ratio, the maximal value was noted in nasal inferior(0.873) region, and the minimal value was in temporal(0.579) region. There was no statistically difference between men and women in Rim/Disc area ratio.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde