PURPOSE: To define the histologic correlation of the ultrsonic gastric wall layers of resected human gastric specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UItrasound images of the gastric wall by using 5 or 7.5 MHz linear transducer were compared with the corresponding histologic sections of 30 surgically resected human gastric specimens. RESULTS: Five layers seen from within on ultrasound images of the normal gastric wall corresponded to (1) the acoustic interface between fluid bathing the surgical specimen and the mucosal surface and a portion of the superficial mucosa, (2) the deep mucosa including the muscularis mucosae and most of the superficial mucosa, (3) the submucosa plus the acoustic interface between the submucosa and the muscularis propria, (4) the muscularis propria minus the acoustic interface between the submucosa and the muscularis propria, and (5) the serosa and the subserosal tissue plus the acoustic interface between the serosa and the fluid bathing the surgical specimen. Ultrasonic findings in gastric carcinomas corresponded to their histopathologic findings. CONCLUSION: Histologic correlation of the ultrasonic gastric wall layers will provide us with a very useful and objective basis of gastric ultrasonography.
Acoustics ; Baths ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Serous Membrane ; Transducers ; Ultrasonics* ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Aortic Aneurysm*

No Abstract Available.
Trabeculectomy*

The study consisted of all patients over 35yerars old undergoing surgical repair of atrial septal defect for the period from June 1985, to August 1992. The following results were observed. 1. ASD was closed with patch in 11 (73%) patients. 2. The relationship of pulmonary artery systolic pressure to Qp/Qs ratio was not significant. 3. Before operation 6 patients were in NYHA functional class II. 8 were in class III, After operation 8 patients were in class I, 6 were in class II. 4. Atrial fibrillation has persisted in 3 patients and returned regular rhythm in 1 patient after surgery. 5. There was no operative mortality and we had good surgical results regardless of patient's age.
Adult* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Artery

PURPOSE: We investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of amniotic membrane(AM) ointment in filtering surgery of rabbits. METHODS: After filtering surgery was performed on both eyes of 10 rabbits, the AM ointment was applied over and under the scleral flap on one eye whereas base ointment excluding AM element was applied to the other as a control. The shapes of blebs were observed under slit-lamp biomicroscopy at postoperative 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, and the tissues were excised for histologic studies. RESULTS: Serial changes of intraocular pressures had no significant difference. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy demonstrated that conjunctival blebs of AM ointment group were more elevated and cystic at 1 and 2 weeks. The heights of conjunctival blebs were significantly higher at 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and the width of scleral tracks was significantly wider at 1 and 2 weeks in AM ointment group. The number of inflammatory cells in the scleral track was significantly less at 3 days and 1 week, the number of fibroblasts in scleral track was significantly less at 2 and 3 weeks in AM ointment group. Masson s trichrome stain was less positive in AM ointment and the stain area of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts was insignificant with image analysis system. Collagen type 3 appeared in scleral track from postoperative 1 week in control group, however, in AM ointment group, from 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: AM ointment is beneficial to suppress fibroblast differentiation, proliferation and inflam-matory reaction in filtering surgery and might be safe and effective adjunctive for enhancement of success in filtering surgery.
Amnion* ; Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Humans* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits*

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass during open heart surgery causes systemic inflammatory respose. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that inhibits inflammatory process and protects organ function by down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release and maintenance of blood level balance with pro-inflammatory cytokines. MATERIAL ateial and Method: Plasma IL-10 levels were measured and analyzed in 22 patients who underwent open heart surgery (11 cases of coronary artery bypass graft, 11 cases of valve replacement) under cardiopulmonary bypass since 1988 January to July at Department of Thoracic and Czardiovascular surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital. 1g of methylprednisolone was administrated to thirteen patients randomly. Blood samp.es were taken and collected at the time of induction of anesthesia, 10 min before cardiopulmonary bypass, 10 min after starting of CPB, 10 min aftr aortic cross clamping, 10 min after ACC release, and 10 min, 2 hours, and 5 hours after CPB respectively. The plasma levels of IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Wilcoxon-Raule Sum test was used for statistical analysis. In all 22 patients, cardiopulmonary bypass time was used for statistical analysis. In all 22 patients, cardiopulmonary bypass time was 171+/-41.4 min and aortic cross clamp time was 118+/-36.5 min. Peak IL-10 level was achieved at 10 min after ACC (361.0+/-52.81pg/ml) and was decreased sharply at 2 hours after CPB. Peak IL-10 level was correlated positively with aortic cross clamp time (p=0.011); however, it did not correlated with bypass time (p=0.181). In valve replacement group, mean IL-10 level at peak point was 567.89+/-107.69 pg/ml and was significantly higher than that of coronary artery bypass group (205.67+/-192.70 pg/ml) (p<0.001). ACC time in valve replacement group was significantly longer than that of coronary artery bypass group (p<0.01), however, bypass time was not (p=0.212). Thirteen patients with steroid pretreatment before starting of CPB showed relatively higher plasma IL-10 level than in control group, however, no statistical significance was noted (p=0.19). CONCLUSION: plasma level of IL-10 was increased in association with cardiopulmonary bypass and revealed peak at 10 min after ACC release. IL-10 level was correlated positively with ACC time. Therefore, systemic inflammatory respeonse in association with cardiopulmonary bypass could be decreased by reducing ACC time during cardiac surgery.
Anesthesia ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Constriction ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Cytokines ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-10* ; Methylprednisolone ; Plasma ; Thoracic Surgery ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Plasma*

Congenital bronchobiliary fistual is a rare disease with unclear etiology. An abnormal tract communicates the tracheobronchial junction to a hepatic segment, usually the left lobe. Billous sputum, a positive HIDA(o-Dimethyliminodiacetic acid) scan, and a trification at the level of the carina lead to the diagnosis, which can be confirmed by bronchoscopic contrast injection. We experienced a case of congenital bronchobiliary fistual in a 27-day-old girl. Our case is reported with literature reviews.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Fistula* ; Humans ; Rare Diseases ; Sputum

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the incidences, the risk factors, and the clinical course of the hyperamylasemia in patients who underwent open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty seven patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass were studied at Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Yeungnam University Hospital, from July 1997 to June 1998. The thirty seven patients were divided into two groups, 13 patients in group I had normal serum amylase levels and 24 patients in group II had hyperamylasemia. Mean serum amylase(IU/l) levels and 24 patients in group II had hyperamylasemia. Mean serum amylase(IU/l) levels of gorup II showed 54.3+/-4.6, 78.0+/-9.2, 372.0+/-103.4, 460.5+/-80.4, 280.4+/-46.6, and 131.0+/-15.6, preoperative, immediate postoperative, at postoperative 1, 2, 3, and 7 days, respectively. In group II, serum amylase level of the postoperative day 2 was the highest and was significantly higher than that of the preoperative day (p<0.001). Serum amylase level started to decreased at postoperative day 3 and returned to the normal level at postoperative day 7. Significant clinical symtoms of overt pancreatitis were not shown in patients in group II. The following perioperative variable such as diagnosis, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamping time, mean systemic pressure during bypass, and administration of steroid were compared between groups. There were no significant differences between groups. In all patients, Serum amylase level of postoperative day 2 and aortic cross clamping time were correlated significantly (p=0.047). CONCLUSION: Serum amylase level after cardiopulmonary bypass could be elevated postoperatively and serum amylase level of POD 2 was considered to have significant correlation with aortic cross clamping time. Shortening of aortic cross clamping time will help in reducing the hyperamylsemia. In this study, although significant clinical symptoms and overt pancreatitis were not seen from hyperamylsemic patients, careful clinical observation of hyperamylasemia would be necessary.
Amylases ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Constriction ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperamylasemia* ; Incidence ; Pancreatitis ; Risk Factors ; Thoracic Surgery

No abstract available.
Aortic Coarctation* ; Child, Preschool* ; Humans