Nuclear medicine in Indonesia has a quite long history since the late 1960s. There are some problems and obstacles that have to be solved and overcome in order to develop nuclear medicine services, spread the services to reach every target area, and implement new novel therapeutic nuclear medicine as well. The right strategy and strong effort should be performed for a successful result. Theranostics nuclear medicine will play a more prominent role in the management of cancer patients.
Humans ; Indonesia ; Nuclear Medicine ; Theranostic Nanomedicine

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

Nuclear medicine in Indonesia has a quite long history since the late 1960s. There are some problems and obstacles that have to be solved and overcome in order to develop nuclear medicine services, spread the services to reach every target area, and implement new novel therapeutic nuclear medicine as well. The right strategy and strong effort should be performed for a successful result. Theranostics nuclear medicine will play a more prominent role in the management of cancer patients.

PURPOSE: A head injury (HI) may cause a skull fracture, which may or may not be associated with injury to the brain. In essence, a skull base fracture (SBF) is a linear fracture at the base of the skull. Loss of consciousness and Glasgow coma score (GCS) may vary depending on an associated intracranial pathology. The pathomechanism is believed to be caused by high energy impact directly to the mastoid and supraorbital bone or indirectly from the cranial vault. Aim of this study is to define the correlation between SBF and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with HI. METHODS: Analysis of data obtained from a retrospective review of medical records and from a systematized database pertaining to diagnostic criteria of SBF patients based only on clinical symptoms associated with ICH caused by HI treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The exclusion criteria included age less than 15 years and no head computed tomography (CT) scan examination provided. RESULTS: A total of 9006 patients were included into this study in which they were divided into 3 groups: group 1, HI with no ICH; group 2, HI with single ICH and group 3, HI with multiple ICH. In all the SBF cases, SBF at anterior fossa accounted for 69.40% of them, which were mostly accompanied with mild HI (64.70%). Severity of HI and site of SBF correlated with the existence of traumatic brain lesions on CT scan, thus these factors were able to predict whether there were traumatic brain lesions or not. Most of the patients with epidural hemorrhage (EDH) has single traumatic lesion on CT scan, whereas most of the patients with cerebral contusion (CC) has multiple traumatic lesions on CT scan. On patients with both traumatic brain injury and SBF, most of the patients with anterior fossa SBF has EDH; whereas most of the patients with middle fossa SBF were accompanied with CC. Surgery was not required for most of the patients with SBF. CONCLUSION SBFs were strongly correlated with traumatic ICH lesions patients with anterior fossa SBF were more likely to suffer EDH whereas with middle fossa SBF were more likely to suffer CC.

Introduction: The incidence of depression in coronary artery disease (CAD) is higher than in the general population. The factor is associated with depression is learned helplessness. Helplessness is one of the domains of illness cognition, which is someone’s preoccupation with unpleasant side effects of chronic disease related to daily functioning. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between helplessness of illness cognition and symptoms of depression in CAD at Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS), Bandung from November to December 2020. Method: The research method is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design on CAD patients, male, and aged 55 years and over. Illness Cognition Questionnaire (ICQ) was used to assess illness cognition and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: This study involved 86 participants with a mean age of 62.4 ± 5.53 years, an average length of treatment of 3.4 ± 3.45 years, and 34 people (39.5%) had depressive symptoms. Of the 34 people who had depressive symptoms there were 4 persons (4.65%) with moderate depressive episodes and 1 person (1.16%) with major depressive episodes. The bivariate analysis using the rank Spearman correlation coefficient found that helplessness (r=0.337, p=0.001) had a significant relationship with depressive symptoms; whereas acceptance and perceived of benefit had no significant relationship with depression (r=-0.125, p=0.126,) and (r=0.035, p=0.374) respectively. Conclusion: This study concludes that depressive symptoms have a significant correlation with helplessness of illness cognition in CAD patient and there is a role of physician and cardiologist to help patients with these problems.

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of systemic chronic progressive inflammatory disorders based on immunological disharmonies. Poorly controlled systemic inflammation in RA often leads to renal diseases such as secondary amyloidosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old man complained of swelling and tenderness of multiple joints gradually worsened the past 7 years. His laboratory examination showed anemia, positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). C-reactive protein (CRP) was 48.7 mg/L (Normal value is <5 mg/L), increase in serum creatinine and protein was +3 in urine. His estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was 58.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 Radiologic examinations of joints revealed features that support the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Renal biopsy was done revealed amyloid deposit. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis. CONCLUSION: Early proper diagnosis of RA is important and immunosuppressive drugs might slow disease progression by controlling the inflammatory process We discussed the importance of early diagnosis and the use of better treatment in managing RA to prevent renal amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Early Diagnosis

Objective: This study aimed to assess the awareness of periodontal disease and level of knowledgeof the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease amongst subjects who were smokersverses non-smokers. Methods: A questionnaire looking at knowledge of respondents regardinggum disease and knowledge and awareness about oral impacts of smoking on periodontal diseasewas developed and pretested in Dental Faculty University of Malaya. Basic Periodontal Examination(BPE) index was used to assess periodontal status. Results: The questionnaire was answered by130 subjects. Prevalence of smoking was 14.6%. A total of 58.6% non-smokers and 57.9% smokersknew about periodontal disease. However, only 26.1% non-smokers and 10.5% smokers knew thatthe cause for periodontal disease was plaque. More non-smokers than smokers knew that smokingaffected periodontal health (80.2% and 68.4% respectively) (p>0.05) and tooth mobility was an effect ofsmoking on periodontal health (27.0% and 0%) (p<0.05). Regarding source of information on effect ofsmoking on periodontal health, 63.2% smokers and 63.1% non-smokers reported obtaining informationthrough the mass media. However, only 31.6% smokers and 28.8% non-smokers were informed bytheir dentist. Conclusion: The awareness of periodontal disease and knowledge of the relationshipbetween smoking and periodontal disease was low in this selected population of smokers and nonsmokers.

Introduction: Choledochal cyst (CC) is a congenital cystic dilation of bile duct. Although considered a benign disorder, but CC has various complications like cholangitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis and malignant degeneration. The characteristic of this malformation are still not well documented in our region. We aimed to describe the characteristic of CC patients in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia. Method: The medical records of patients that were diagnosed with CC between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed. We retrospectively collected demographic data, clinical symptoms, diagnostic imaging and surgical data. Results: Fifteen patients were diagnosed as CC, predominantly were girls (12 patients). The mean age was 63,47 months old (range from 7 to 144 months). Jaundic was found in all patients, followed by abdominal pain in 12 patients (80%) and abdominal mass in 9 patients (60%). The laboratory results showed signs of bile obstruction in 5 patients (33,3%). Diagnostic imaging using ultrasonography revealed 5 patients (33,3%) with CC type IV, whereas type I in 6 patients (40%). MRI was performed in 8 patients (53,3%) and CT Scan was performed in 5 patient (33,3%). Eleven patients (73,3%) underwent cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with liver biopsy. Conclusion: Our data suggested that CC predominantly found in girls, and abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Ultrasonography, MRI, and CT are imaging modalities use to diagnose CC. Surgical treatment should be done includes total cyst excision dan biliodigestive reconstruction.

Introduction: Penile length is defined as a length from base of penile until the tip of the glans. If the length of penile less than 2.5 standard deviations (SD) on average of its age it characterized as a micropenis. The aim of this study is to describe the penile length and micropenis condition in elementary school student. Method: This is a descriptive study to find out the penile length in elementary school boys. Penile length was measured from symphysis pubic to tip of the glans using a rigid ruler by stretching the penile or stretching penile length (SPL) and identified the micropenis condition. Results: There were 203 boys with age ranging from 6 until 13 years old. Mean penile length on all age groups are slightly above mean - 2.5 SD. Micropenis was found in 52 boys (22.6%), half of them are in 9 to 11 years old groups. Most subjects are Sundanese. Conclusions: The mean penile length in all age groups were shorter than the reference that we used. Majority of the subjects in our study were Sundanese, this finding suggest that Sundanese children has a shorter penile length than a subject used in our reference study. Micropenis case findings in this study turned out to be quite large and surprising.

Introduction: COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by WHO. Until July 2022, there have been 555 million people suffering from this disease with a death toll of 6.35 million worldwide. Systemic inflammation triggered by a cytokine storm in a hypercoagulable state is the leading cause of COVID-19 patients’ mortality. CRP and D-dimer are biomarkers that can clearly illustrate pathogenesis. This research aims to compare C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer as a better predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: It is an analytical observational research supported by a retrospective cohort design. The research subjects were COVID-19 patients treated in the isolation room of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, between August 2020 and August 2021. CRP and D-dimer was taken during pneumonia phase and then was compared on the next steps using univariate, bivariate and prognostic statistical tests. The quality of the prognostic value was examined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to set the Area Under Curve (AUC) and discrimination value. Results: There were 195 subjects confirmed with COVID-19. CRP value was significant in mortality with a cut-off of 230.1 mg/dl (RR 1.561, 95% CI 1.117-2.182, p=0.05). D-dimer value was significant on mortality with a cut off of 1,810 ng/ml (RR 21,613, 95% CI 8,266-56,508, p= 0.0001). Prognostic test results showed the discrimination value for D-dimer set by the AUC was 96.8% (strong), while the CRP discrimination value was 65.7% (weak). Conclusion: It can be concluded that as a predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients, D-dimer value has a better discriminatory value than CRP value.