A 58-year-old man was admitted with a complaint of exertional chest discomfort. A mass, 53×55×66 mm in size, was detected in the transverse sinus of the pericardium, just cranial to the inter-atrial septum with enhanced chest CT. We performed resection of the tumor under cardiopulmonary bypass. Histopathological findings showed that the tumor was angiomyolipoma originated from the heart. Angiomyolipoma is a benign tumor, most frequently found in the kidney or liver and usually associated with tuberous sclerosis. Extra-cardiac growth of the cardiac angiomyolipoma is extremely rare, and only few have been reported previously.

Mitral valve replacement (MVR) is an effective method to treat mitral valve regurgitation (MR) associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) because of systolic anterior movement (SAM) of anterior leaflet. We retrospectively investigated results of mitral valve surgery concomitant with septal myectomy for MR with HOCM. Between August 2008 to July 2009, 7 patients underwent septal myectomy. Among them, 6 patients who had moderate or severe MR preoperatively were objects of this study. Pre and post operative clinical conditions, findings of echocardiogram, and operative techniques employed in each patient were reviewed. Four patient successfully underwent mitral valve plasty (MVP) with septal myectomy. One patient needed only septal myectomy because MR subsequently disappeared with resolution of SAM. One patient resulted in MVR after attempted mitral valve plasty (MVP). SAM disappeared in all patients who had MVP, and residual MR was mild or less. Pressure gradient of left ventricular outflow significantly decreased in all cases. All patients discharged hospital uneventfully. Plication of posterior leaflet, anterior leaflet augmentation if necessary, and prudent use of annuloplasty ring seemed to be effective for successful MVP in HOCM patients. MVP is feasible even in patients with MR derived from HOCM.

Minimally invasive surgery is associated with a faster postoperative recovery because of reduced postoperative pain and improved respiratory function, especially in elderly patients. We began using a minimally invasive approach (small parasternal incision) for isolated aortic valve replacement (MICS AVR) from January 2011. Between January 2011 and February 2012, 32 patients underwent MICS AVR surgery. The mean age was 73 years (range 57-85 years) ; 69% were women. MICS AVR was performed through a skin incision of 6.5±0.5 cm along the third intercostal space. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through the right femoral artery and vein. The patients were cooled to 28°C, the aorta was crossclamped with a flex clamp, and antegrade cardioplegic solution was given into the aortic root or selectively into the coronary ostia. The aortic valve procedure was performed in a standard fashion. If the distance to the aortic valve was too far, we used surgical instruments for minimally invasive surgery. Conversion to a conventional approach was not necessary in any patient. Mean overall operative time was 250±49 min, cardiopulmonary bypass 140±34 min, and crossclamp time 99±22 min. Mean ICU stay was 1.2±0.5 days and length of hospital stay was 10.3±2.2 days. There was no re-operation for bleeding or surgical site infection. MICS AVR was safe and feasible with excellent outcome. The advantages of this procedure include reduced bed rest, decreased postoperative pain, avoidance of deep sternal wound infection, and cosmetically attractive results. We now use the minimally invasive approach whenever possible. We report an early outcome, experience, strategy, and surgical technique.

A 36-year-old previously healthy woman with cardiomegaly on a routine chest X-ray was given a diagnosis of primary chylopericardium after pericardial puncture revealed milky effusion. Endoscopy-assisted ligation of the thoracic duct and creation of a pericardial window was performed. The operation was greatly facilitated by the preoperative three-dimensional CT scan with lymphangiography that precisely demonstrated the distribution of the thoracic duct and other lymphatic ducts.

A 79-year old man presented with hoarseness and we diagnosed an aortic arch aneurysm, 60 mm in diameter. The aortic arch was right-sided and traversed posterior to the esophagus and trachea, and the arch vessels were mirror-imaged. Total arch replacement was performed under hypothermic circulation arrest using selective cerebral perfusion through a median sternotomy. Three cervical vessels were reconstructed, a 24-mm Hemashield was passed anterior to the trachea and esophagus, and an additional right thoracotomy was not necessary. The patient was uneventfully discharged on the 26th postoperative day.

A 15-year-old boy with coronary sinus type atrial septal defect (CS-ASD) was surgically treated with 3-port totally endoscopic technique. The patient was set in a left semi-lateral position. A 3 cm skin incision retracted by a small wound protector, a trocar for the endoscope, and a trocar for left-handed instruments were placed in the right antero-lateral chest. Cardio-pulmonary bypass was established via groin cannulation. After cardioplegic arrest, the CS-ASD was favorably exposed through the left atriotomy, and closed using a bovine pericardial patch. The total operation time was 112 min. The post-operative course was uneventful. Instead of the traditional median sternotomy and right atriotomy, small right thoracotomy and left atriotomy may be a promising alternative for closure of CS-ASD.

A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital for mitral valve stenosis, tricuspid valve insufficiency and atrial fibrillation. We performed mitral valve replacement, tricuspid valve plasty, and the MAZE operation through a right small thoracotomy under endoscopic assistance. He was discharged uneventfully 7 days after the operation. However, about 2 months later, he developed pericardial effusion, right pleural effusion, and leg edema implying as having right heart failure. Although he was treated with diuretics and steroids, improvement was temporary and he was hospitalized repeatedly. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated dip and plateau pattern of the right ventricular pressure curve. We diagnosed that he has constrictive pericarditis, although the finding of the chest CT was non-specific without remarkable thickening or calcification of the pericardium. We performed pericardiectomy through median sternotomy without pump assist. Leather-like thickening of the pericardium was recognized in the right, anterior, and inferior portion. Resection of the thickened pericardium led to instantaneous improvement of right ventricular motion and drop of central venous pressure. The patient is in NYHA Class I, one year after pericardiectomy. Constrictive pericarditis could occur even after minimally invasive surgery, and that possibility should be kept in mind if intractable right heart failure persists.