Objective To study the effect of poly- DL- lactic acid (PDLLA) absorbable membrane on preventing adhesion after repair of peripheral nerve injury. Methods 60 SD rats were divided into 2 groups randomly: the suturing+ PDLLA group (experimental group) and the purely suturing group (contrast group), with 30 rats in each group. Their sciatic nerves were cut off and then sutured microsurgically. In the experimental group, the anastomotic stoma was encapsulated with PDLLA membrane; in the contrast group, there was no such a treatment. We conducted gross observations and histological examinations at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after operation, neural electrophysiological examinations at 12 and 16 weeks after operation, and image analysis by computer at 16 weeks after operation. Results The scar proliferation and adhesion near the anastomotic stoma in the experimental group were less extensive than those in the contrast group; regenerative nerve fibers grew more straight and orderly manner. Electrophysiological examinations and image analyses by computer also showed that the experimental group achieved better results than the contrast group. Conclusion Poly- DL- lactic acid (PDLLA) absorbable membrane can prevent scar proliferation and adhesion after repair of peripheral nerve and promote nerve functional recovery effectively.

Objective To investigate the clinical curative effects of duloxetine combined with thioctic acid on diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy. Methods Sixty-two patients with diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy were divided into three groups by random digits table: group A(22 patients, duloxetine combined with thioctic acid group), group B (20 patients,duloxetine group) and group C (20 patients,thioctic acid group). The other treatments were same. All patients were treated for six weeks. The pain remission level and nerve conductive velocity were compared among three groups. Results The pain level in three groups was significantly alleviated after treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ). The general effective rate was 86.4%(19/22),70.0% (14/20) and 50.0% (10/20) in group A,group B and group C,respectively (P ＜ 0.05). Visual analogue scales (VAS) in group A was significantly lower than that in group B and group C from the second week after treatment (P ＜ 0.05 ). Nerve conductive velocity was improved in both group A and group C after treatment (P＜0.01),but there was no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05). In group B,compared with that before treatment,nerve conductive velocity had no significantly improved after treatment (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion Duloxetine combined with thioctic acid can enhance the clinical curative effects on diabetic painful peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To evaluate bulbourethral sling procedure in the treatment of post prostatectomy incontinence. Methods 5 patients with post prostatectomy incontinence underwent the bulbourethral sling procedure.Preoperatively 1 patient was completely incontinent and 4 patients required a mean of 3.5 pads per day.The mean duration of incontinence was 4.5 years. A sling tension of a mean of 500 g was used to correct incontinence. Results 4 patients have been completely dry,whereas postoperative difficulty in voiding occurred in the other patient and was corrected by subsequent transurethral bladder neck revision resulting in free passage of urine and continence. Conclusions The bulbourethral sling procedure is an effective means in the treatment of post prostatectomy incontinence.

Objective To investigate the quality of life in young patients with hemodialysis and influencing factors .Methods Totally 128 young patients aged 18-44 years old with maintenance hemodialysis were performed the questionnaire investigation by using the self‐designed demographic information questionnaire ,Medical Outcomes Study Health Status Short Form (SF‐36) , Herth Hope Index(HHI)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) .Results The mean total score of physical health in the hemodial‐ysis young patients was (202 .49 ± 53 .94) points and the mean total score of mental health was (190 .85 ± 77 .81) points .In the va‐rious dimensional scores of living quality ,the scores of physical functioning and bodily pain were highest ,while the scores of physi‐cal function and emotional function were lowest ,moreover the scores of various dimensions were lower the the national norm (P<0 .01) .The multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of life was significantly correlated with hope level ,social support and economic condition ,which could explained 62 .8% of living quality variation amount .Conclusion The quality of life in hemodi‐alysis young patients needs to be improved .The medical care workers formulate the intervention measures ,meanwhile should pay attention to enchance patients′hope leve and social support .At the same time it is appealed that the government helps to solve the patients′economic problem in order to better improve their living quality and promote them return to society .

Objective To summarize the experience and evaluate the efficacy of treatment of urethral stricture using direct visual internal urethrotomy (DVIU).Methods The clinical data of 361 patients (age range 16 -72 years, mean age 38 years) with urethral stricture who underwent urethrotomy from 1990 to 2010 was retrospectively analyzed.The disease course ranged from three months to 78 months with a mean of 16 months.The stricture length ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 cm (mean 1.1 cm).Stricture length was split into four main groups:stricture length≤0.5 cm in 63 (group 1 ), stricture length ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 cm in 175 ( group 2), stricture length ranging between 1.0 and 1.5 cm in 85 ( group 3 ) , and stricture length ranging between 1.6 and 2.0 cm in 38 ( Group 4).Of the 238 patients with length less than 1.0 cm there were 148 who's scar thickness were less than 1.0 cm, and 90 who's scar thickness were greater than 1.0 cm.Of the 123 patients with length less than 2.0 cm there were 69 who's scar thickness was less than 1.0 cm, and 54 who's scar thickness was greater than 1.0 cm.Results Three patients with DVIU failed because of long occlusion and false passage.Three hundred and twenty patients were followed-up from 12 to 120 months (mean:42).Re-openiag procedures were performed on 174 patients (54.4%) due to recurrence.The re-openiag procedure rate was 3.3%, 49.7%, 83.3% and 97.1% in Group1, Group2,Group3 and Group4, respectively.On the basis of scar thickness, of the 207 patients with stricture length less than 1.0 cm, 38 of 136 patients (27.9%) with scar thickness less than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation, and 43 of 71 patients (60.6%) with scar thickness more than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation.One hundred and thirteen patients with stricture length more than 1.0 cm, 33 of 42 patients (78.6%) with scar thickness less than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation, and 60 of 71 patients (84.5%) with scar thickness more than 1.0 cm underwent opening operation.Conclusions Good efficacy can be achieved in patients whose urethral stricture length is less than 0.5cm or whose stricture length and scar thickness is less than 1.0 cm using DVIU.

Objective This study was to discuss various operative approaches for the repair complicated posterior urethral strictures. Methods 34 patients with posterior urethral strictures and associated ure-throrectal fistulas (URFs) were reviewed. The etiology of urethral strictures and fistula was due to pelvic fracture in 26 patients, iatrogenic in 6 cases and fall injury in the remaining 2 cases. The patients were treated by using a simple perineal approach (4 patients), a transperineal inferior pubectomy approach (21 patients) and combined abdominal transpubic perineal approach (9 patients) and URF repair and anastomotic urethroplasty were performed simultaneously in all cases. Results One-stage repair was successful in four patients (100%) using a simple perineal approach, in 19 of 21 (90. 48%) using the transperineal-inferior pubectomy approach and 7 of 9 (77. 78%) using the transpubic-perineal approach. Of the 34 patients, recurrent urethral strictures developed in two cases, recurrent URFs developd in two patients. Conclusions Surgical approaches for the special complex urethral strictures should be based on the location of the URF, its etiology and length of the urethral strictures, as well as a history of previous repairs. The transperineal-inferior pubic approach may be appropriate as a first-line procedure.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transpubie access using pedicle tabularized la-bial urethroplasty for urethral reconstruction in female patients with urethral strictures associated with urethrovaginal fistulas.Methods Eight cases of urethral strictures were treated using pedicle labial skin flaps for urethral reconstructions.All cases were the mid-urethral strictures associated with ure-throvaginal fistulas.A single face pedicle flap was obtained from the labia minus or majus in 5 women,and double face pedicle labial flaps were used in 3 patients.Results There were no serious complica-tions.Two patients complained of dysuria symptoms for 2 weeks and one patient experienced stress incontinence which resolved after 4 weeks.The patients were followed up for 6 to 130 months (mean 52) postoperatively.All patients had normal micturition following catheter removal with urinary peak flow greater than 15 ml/s(17.4-42.0 ml/s).Conclusion Pedicle labial urethroplasty might be a reliable technique for the management of complex urethral strictures associated with urethrovaginal fis-tulas.

Objective To study the value of flexible cystoscopy in diagnosing posterior urethral strictures resulting from pelvic fracture and the pain score of the examination. Methods Between 2014 and 2015, 120 male patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect were evaluated by cystoscopy before surgery. In this study, flexible cystoscopy was used in 87 patients, 33 patients received conventional rigid cystoscopy. The cystoscopy was introduced into the posterior urethra and the area was evaluated for the length of the proximal urethra and any possible fistulas, false passages, calculi or displacement of the posterior urethra. The patient’s pain feeling was recorded during the examination, 24 hrs after cystoscopy examination. The pain feeling result was achieved by visual analogue pain scale. Results Severe allergic reaction or obvious discomfort did not occur in any patients after cystoscopy. By comparing the data obtained from lfexible cystoscopy to those from conventional urethrography, the rate of detection in other abnormalities was higher in lfexible cystoscopy than in conventional urethrography. 21, 5, 7 and 5 patients were detected with calculus, posterior urethral structure damage, false passage and ifstula respectively. In comparison, the abnormalities were only observed in 3, 2, 3 and 1 patients respectively through conventional urethrography imaging. However, the pain feeling of the flexible cystoscopy is better than the convenional rigid cystoscopy. The statistical difference was found in the pain feeling score during the examination and later after the examination. Conclusions Flexible cystoscopy is a safe and valuable procedure in the evaluation of the posterior urethra in patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect before surgery.

The glycoproteins in the biological sample are low abundance and are susceptible to be inhibited and interfered by other non-glycoproteins.An enrichment step is usually required before the glycoprotein analysis, but the operation steps of conventional solid-phase-based glycoprotein enrichment methods are difficult to be compatible with the most classical enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) technique.In this study, a novel water-soluble dendrimer based boronic acid capture (DBC) material was developed using PAMAM 4.0 as the carrier and boronic acid as the affinity group.The method was applied to the detection of glycoproteins in human liver microsomes using ELISA.In this study, the DBC enrichment conditions were optimized by model glycoprotein, and then its sensitivity and anti-interference ability were investigated.This method was applied to the enrichment of glycoproteinsin human liver microsomal.The results showed that the enrichment selectivity of DBC for glycoprotein could be up to 100000 folds, and the enrichment signal of glycoprotein could be increased by 100 times.Therefore, the ELISA method using DBC as a novel enrichment material for glycoprotein had high sensitivity and selectivity in detection of biological samples with only one simple incubation step, which was useful for glycoproteins researches.

s:Objective To study the effect of Cichorii Extract(CE)N2 on quail with hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia.Methods Quail models were established by feeding of yeast.Effect of CE N2 on biochemical parameters such as serum uric acid,triglyceride,nitric oxide(NO),xanthine oxidase(XOD),etc.were observed dynamically.Results As compared with the control group,CE N2 in three different dosages decreased serum uric acid,triglyceride and NO;CE N2 in high and low dosage could also lower the serum activity of XOD.Conclusion CE N2 can lower serum uric acid and triglycercide levels in quails with hyperuricemia and hypertriglyceridemia.