BACKGROUND: In treatment of traditional acute myocardial infarction,patients were required to lie on the bed resting for 1-4 weeks. Recently research showed that early rehabilitation exercise in myocardial infarction patients could ameliorate the reservation of cardio function, increase exercise tolerance, augment myocardial hemoperfusion, decrease myocardial ischemia and reduce the anxious and depressive emotion.OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of early rehabilitation movement on activity of daily living, duration of hospital stay, mean hospitalized cost,incidence rate of arrhythmia and recurrence rate of myocardial infarction in two years.DESIGN: Non-randomized concurrent control analysis.SETTING: Beijing Tiantan Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 80 patients with acute myocardial infarction,who were hospitalized at Department of Circulation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital from August 2002 to October 2003, were enrolled. They were all at most 70 years old with stable pathogenetic condition. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was over 35%. They were not combined with severe hypertension, severe pulmonary disease, nerve and disease of locomotor system.METHODS: The selected cases based on patients' will were assigned into two groups (n=40), ①early rehabilitation group: They were treated with routine drugs, absolute bed rest for 24 hours. At day 2 the head stock was rose about 30°to do passive exercise of extremity joint. At days 3-5, the patients sat on the bed, 3 times per day. At days 6-7,the patients stood at bedside, 3 times per day. At days 8-9, the patients moved joints of extremities at bedside and walked slowly in room. At days 10-14, the patients exercised walking. If there were angina pectoris attacks, serious cardiac arrhythmias or dyspneic respiration, etc., the movement should be suspended or the exercise intensity came back to that in the former stage. ②Absolute bed rest group: The patients were absolute bed rest, and only treated with routine drug without any rehabilitation training.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Barthel index (full mark was 100 points, and ＜ 60 points represented unable self-care) was used to assess activity of daily living of patients. Mean duration of hospital stay, mean hospitalized cost, incidence rate of arrhythmia and recurrence rate of my ocardial infarction in two years were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: A total of 80 patients that conducted the therapy and follow up were involved in the result analysis. ①Mean duration of hospital stay and mean hospitalized cost in the early rehabilitation group were less than those in the absolute bed rest group (17.1 days vs 24.5 days; 9 021.23 yuan vs 12 383.45 yuan; P ＜ 0.05). ②Barthel index: There was insignificant difference before treatment between the two groups. It was significantly higher in the early rehabilitation group than that in the absolute bed rest group before discharge (81.43±13.57,70.68±11.48,P ＜ 0.05). ③Six and seven patients had the onset of arrhythmia in the early rehabilitation group and the absolute bed rest group, respectively. ④Follow-up observation was performed for two years. The recurrence rate of myocardial infarction in the early rehabilitation group (5% ,2/40) was obviously lower than that in the absolute bed rest group (22 %,9/40).CONCLUSION: The early rehabilitation training is of benefit to elevate activity of daily living of myocardial infarction patients, reduce mean duration of hospital stay and mean hospitalized cost and decrease recurrence rate.

Aim To establish an animal model of inflammatory pleural adhesion and to investigate the role of low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH) in preventing encapsulation of pleural effusion.Methods Thirty New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups:the model and the treatment group received injection of tetracycline(35 mg?kg~(-1)) in the right chest cavity,the control animals received injection of normal saline.LMWH (55 U?kg~(-1)) was injected into the right chest cavity of rabbits in the treatment group.The animals were killed on 14 d.Result In the model group,pleural effusion appeared at 2 h and reached maximum within 2～3 days.In the effusion,leukocytes accumulated and procoagulant activity increased at the same time.Fibrosis and pleural adhesion,encapsulation appeared on the fourteenth day.In the treatment group pleural effusion and procoagulant activity were reduced.No pleural adhesion was observed.Conclusion Tetracycline was successfully used to establish an animal model of pleural adhesion in rabbits.LMWH was effective in reducing pleural effusion and preventing pleural fibrosis and encapsulation.

Protein post-translational modifications are important ways to regulate protein function and cell behavior, and oxidative stress directly influences protein post-translational modifications. P53 protein has various post-translational modifications, which can be quickly regulated under stress conditions to activate a series of downstream target genes and facilitate the p53 function diversity. The effects of oxidative stress on p53 post-translational modifications of phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation and methylation are introduced in this paper.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect, mechanism and safety of Qingrehuashi recipe in treating chronic superficial gastritis with erosion pertaining to spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome. Methods 84 cases of chronic superficial gastritis with erosion were recruited into a control group and a treatment group randomly, with each groups containing 42 cases. The treatment group was treated with Qingrehuashi recipe, while the control group was treated with Qingweizhitong granule. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The clinical manifestations and signs, gastroscopic results and pathological effects were observed before and after the treatment. Results The total effective rate and curative rate in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusion Qingre Huashi recipe is effective and safe in in treating chronic superficial gastritis with erosion pertaining to spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome. The mechanism might be related to its effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, eradicating Hp, promoting gastric motility and enhancing gastric mucosal barrier.

BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)can promote vascular endothelial regeneration,inhibit thrombosis,and attenuate neonatal intimal thickness and luminal stenosis degree.OBJECTIVE:The present study established atherosclerosis models in rabbits and observed the effects of local transfection of VEGF gene on restenosis after angioplasty.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Microorganism,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between November 2004 and December 2006.MATERIALS:Rabbits were daily raised with high-fat diet to create atherosclerosis models.Twenty successful rabbit models were randomly and evenly divided into a control group and a gene treatment group.METHODS:The DcNDA 3.0 recombinant human VEGF165(hVEGF 165)was trimsferred to the ventral aorta through the use of Foley's catheters.and the pcDNA3.0 was transfefred in the controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 1,2,and 4 weeks after surgery,luminal area of left renal artery opening was measured by MRI.At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery,the ratio for intimal to medial area was obtained through the use of HMIAS-2000 high definition color medical image analysis software.Simultaneously,vascular endothelial cell regeneration was observed by immunohistochemistry of factor Ⅷ related antigen.RESULTS:The pcDNA3.0/hVEGF 165 could be successfully transferred through the use of Foley's catheters.At 2 and 4 weeks after surgery,luminal area was larger in the gene treatment group than in the control group(P<0.01);simultaneously, the ratio of intimal to medial area was significantly smaller in the gene treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).In the gene treatment group,expanded vascular endothelial cell regeneration was accomplished at 2 weeks after surgery,while in the control group,it took 4 weeks.CONCLUSION:pcDNA3.0/hVEGF 165 gene transduction can promote local vascular endotllelialization and apparently attenuate restenosis degree and intiaml thickening.

Cajanin preparation could significantly reduce the mouse pinna inflammation iuduced by croton oil. The higher the dose, the stronger the effect .It also inhibited the infiltration increase of intraperitoneal blood capillary of mice led by acetic acid.In addition, the preparation had an analgesic effect. These experimental results indicated that cajanin may be hopefully developed to a new drug for the treatment of scald trauma, and infection.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of prediction equations in calculating energy expenditure in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods In 75 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized in our hospital between August 2014 and August 2015,the resting energy expenditure (REE)measured with indirect calorimetry was compared with those calculated with six different prediction equations.Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-test,the percentage of individual coincidence,and BlandAltman method.Results The measured REE of the patients was (1 513.2 ± 240.6) kcal/d.There were statistically significant differences between the measured REE and the values predicted with Harris-Benedict,Owen,Mifflin,and Liu equations (all P ＜ 0.05),while no statistically significant differences were observed between the measured REE and the values predicted with FAO/WHO/UNU and Schofield equations (both P ＞0.05).FAO/WHO/UNU equation showed the smallest average difference from the measured value (-18.9 kcal/d),but the 95％ consistency limit (-363.3 kcal/d,325.5 kcal/d) was still beyond the acceptable clinical range.Conclusion The accuracy of prediction equations in estimating REE in elderly patients with T2DM may be dissatisfactory.

Objective To investigate the values and characteristics of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women.Methods A total of 6 103 singleton pregnant women aged (30.4±3.8) years (18-49 years) who delivered in Peking University First Hospital between May 1,2011 and December 31,2012 underwent the 75 g OGTT at gestational age of 24-28 weeks.They were divided into five groups based on maternal age:＜25 years (n=222,3.6％),25-years (n=2 485,40.7％),30-years (n=2 573,42.2％),35-years (n=683,11.2％),and ≥ 40 years (n=140,2.3％).The normal values of the fasting,1 h and 2 h blood glucose were lower than 5.1,10.0 and 8.5 mmol/L.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was diagnosed when blood glucose of any point was higher than or equal to normal value.Comparison between groups was tested by analysis of variance and LSD test.Logistic regression was used to calculate the risk for GDM in different age groups.Results (1) The fasting,1 h and 2 h blood glucose levels were in Gaussian distribution.The （-x）+2s were 5.51,11.12 and 9.49 mmol/L.The 97.5 percentile were 5.63,11.32 and 9.95 mmol/L.Fasting plasma glucose of ＜ 25,25-,30-,35-,and ≥ 40 years were (4.53±0.40),(4.60±0.40),(4.67±0.43),(4.74±0.46) and (4.82±0.49) mmol/L.The 1 h blood glucose were (6.98± 1.70),(7.55± 1.60),(7.92± 1.63),(8.30± 1.71) and (8.76± 1.86) mmol/L.The 2 h blood glucose were (6.11±1.33),(6.53±1.27),(6.89±1.33),(7.23±1.50) and (7.57±1.60) mmol/L.Therewas statistical difference in the blood glucose levels at a same time-point test among different age groups (F=29.61,60.17 and 72.29,all P＜0.01).(3) The total prevalence rate of GDM was 21.1％ (1 290/6 103) ; and the prevalence rates were 9.9％ (22/222),16.7％ (414/2 485),22.7％ (583/2 573),32.1％ (219/683) and 37.1％ (52/140) among the five age groups,respectively,with significant differences (x2=120.68,P=0.00).Compared with the group aged ＜25 years,the OR (95％CI) of the prevalence among 25-,30-,35-,and ≥40 years group were 1.82 (1.16-2.86),2.66 (1.70-4.18),4.29 (2.69-6.86) and 5.37 (3.08-9.39),respectively.Conclusions Advanced age is a risk factor for GDM.The risk of GDM increases significantly after 35 years old and pregnancy in women aged ＜ 35 years can reduce the risk of GDM.

In China, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are often treated with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. There are certain advantages of traditional Chinese medicine therapy in treatment of RA.

Objective To investigate the role of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccha-ride (L-LPS) and outer membrane proteins (L-OMP) in the apoptosis of mouse macrophages (J774A.1) and their association with Fas/FasL pathway .Methods Phenol-water extraction and Triton X-114 phase separation were used to extract L-LPS and L-OMP from L.interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai, respectively.Polymyxin B ( PMB) and protease K ( PK) were used to treat L-LPS and L-OMP, respectively.J774A.1 cells were stimulated by L.interrogans strain Lai with or without ultraviolet inactivation.In parallel, the cells were stimulated by extracted L-LPS and L-OMP with or without PMB and PK treatments .The apoptosis and necrosis of J 774 A.1 cells before and after treatment were detected by flow cytometry.The siRNAs were used to silence the expression of Fas or FasL gene in J 774A.1 cells and their inhibitory effects were further validated by using real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of L-LPS or L-OMP on the apoptosis of J774A.1 cells with Fas or FasL gene-knockdown .Results L.interrogans strain Lai with or without ultraviolet inactivation could cause similar early apoptosis rates (47.1%and 55.6%) and late apoptosis/necrosis rates (7.6%and 7.9%).The ear-ly apoptosis rates of 1×105 J774A.1 cells were 40.4%and 34.0%after the treatment with 100 ng of L-LPS and 100 μg of L-OMP for 4 h.The late apoptosis/necrosis rates of the cells were 7.5%and 6.9%upon the treatments with L-LPS and L-OMP, respectively.However, the apoptosis or necrosis of the cells was not ob-served when using L-LPS and L-OMP pre-treated by PMB and PK, respectively.Silenced expression of Fas or FasL gene reduced the L-LPS-induced J774A.1 cells apoptosis (P<0.05), while decreased early apopto-sis rate of J774A.1 cells mediated by L-OMP was only observed in Fas gene-knockdown cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Both L-LPS and L-OMP can cause the Fas/FasL-associated apoptosis of macrophages , which is beneficial for L.interrogans to establish the productive infection in hosts .