Objective To observe the effect and adverse reaction of ambrocol oral solution on treatment of children with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods 160 children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection in children according to odd and even numbers were randomly divided into two groups on the basis of conventional therapy,the treatment group were given oral ambrocol oral solution,the control group treated with oral ambroxol hydrochloride syrup.The clinical efficacy and adverse reaction were observed. Results 62 cases were excellent,effective in12 cases,not effective in 6 cases,total effective rate 92.5 %,and the control group 50 cases,15 cases,81.3 % compared to the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=4.44,P＜0.05＝; treatment group cough disappearance time(4.5 ± 1.4)d,expectoration difficulties disappear time(3.1 ± 1.2)d,wheeze disappearance time(2.9 ± 1.2)d,and the control group(5.4 ± 1.5)d,(3.5 ± 1.2)d,(3.7 ± 1.4)d phase by comparison,the differences were statistically significant(t=3.930,2.105,7.767,all P <0.05). Conclusion Ambrocol oral solution is appropriate for children of all ages expectorant cough medicine,high efficacy ,safety ,and can improve the clinical effects of lower respiratory tract infection.

To establish a coupling model for pharmaceutical industrial cluster and circular economy, and study the factors of coupled associations between them. The factors of coupled associations between pharmaceutical industrial cluster and circular economy were analyzed,and an effective route for sustainable development of our domestic pharmaceutical industry was seeked. The pharmaceutical industrial cluster and circular economy were coupled through scales, information, costs and intergrowth,which is beneficial to achieve scale effect, spread facilitate technical, save environmental costs and enhance the cohesion among the clusters and to achieve intensive development for pharmaceutical industry.

Objective:To study the effects of periodontal treatment on the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein associated phospho-lipase A2(LP-PLA2)in patients with chronic periodontitis(CP)and metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:52 cases of CP with MS were included,the blood lipid levels,clinical periodontal indexes and white blood cell count(WBC)were detected before and 3 months after treatment.Results:Before and after periodontal therapy the levels of AL(mm)were 5.02 ±0.68 and 3.61 ±0.43(P<0.01),PD(mm)4.07 ±0.46 and 2.52 ±0.39(P<0.01),BOP positive loci(%)92.13 ±6.98 and 37.41 ±8.19(P<0.01), PLI 1.38 ±0.29 and 0.89 ±0.27(P<0.05),TG(mmol/L)1.99 ±0.42 and 1.45 ±0.32(P<0.01)and TC(mmol/L)6.11 ± 0.38 and 5.17 ±0.41(P<0.01),HDL(mmol/L)1.06 ±0.22 and 1.41 ±0.19(P<0.05),respectively.Before and after treat-ment WBCs(×103/L)were 6.03 ±0.42 and 5.52 ±0.37(P<0.01),serum LP-PLA2(mg/L)31.02 ±9.81 and 23.89 ±14.15 (P<0.01),respectively.Conclusion:Periodontal therapy can improve the blood lipid levels in patients with CP and MS.

Objective　To manufacture adriamycin-porous tricalcium phosphate (A-PTCP) ceramic drug delivery system (DDS)as a possible method for bone defect treatment after bone tumor operation. Methods　A-PTCP DDS was made from putting adriamycin into PTCP. Thirty rabbits were divided randomly into group A(24 rabbits) and group B(6 rabbits). A-PTCP was implanted in the greater trochanter of the right femur in group A. Adriamycin were injected into veins in group B. Muscle around A-PTCP and plasma were taken out at different period. Adriamycin concentrations in muscle and plasma were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results　A-PTCP could gradually release adriamycin over 10 weeks. Adriamycin concentrations in the muscle were higher than that in plasma. Conclusion　A-PTCP may be a new method for repairing bone defects after bone tumor operation.

OBJECTIVE:To observe therapeutic efficacy and safety of Albumin tannate and barm powder in the treatment of infantile acute diarrhea. METHODS:81 cases of infantile acute diarrhea were selected and randomly divided into treatment(41 cas-es)and control group(40 cases). Both groups received routine treatment;treatment group was additionally given Albumin tannate and barm powder orally;control group was additionally given Montmorillonite powder. Clinical efficacy,the taste of drugs and ADR were observed in 2 groups after treatment. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in total effective rate(97.56%)of treatment group and that (100%) of control group (P>0.05). After treatment,defecation times and urine volume score of treat-ment group were higher than those of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The taste score of Albumin tannate and barm powder(2.93±0.35)in treatment group was significantly higher than(1.25±0.44)in control group,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Albumin tannate and barm powder and Montmorillon-ite powder have good clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of infantile acute diarrhea. Albumin tannate and barm powder is better than Montmorillonite powder in improving children’s appetite and relieving abdominal pain. Albumin tannate and barm pow-der tastes better when taking,gain a better adherence in the children patients.

Objective To study the clinical and genetic features of familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD). Methods The clinical information of 14 family members in one pedigree, including 2 patients (one treated in hos?pital, the other not treated) were analyzed and the response to treatment and prediction were followed up. DNA was ex?tracted from peripheral blood samples, and then screened for PRRT2 mutations. Results There were two male patients in the pure PKD pedigree, Prevalence rate was 14.3%,One of the PKD patients showed good response to carbamazepine as well as lamotrigine whereas other patients recovered without treatment. We detected a nonsense mutation c.797G>A (p.266R>Q) in PRRT2 gene in three family members. One affected member harboring PRRT2 mutation resulted from the incomplete penetrance of the disease,PKD and polycystic kidney disease coexist in the pedigree which showed autoso?mal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and anticipation. Conclusions The curative effect of antiepileptic drugs to purely familial PKD is related to mutations and clinical features;Treatments should be decided based upon clini?cal features and mutations.

Objective To explore the effect on job competency by reforming Fundamental Nursing courses among undergraduate nursing students.Methods 86 nursing undergraduates in Grade 2011 were recruited as the control group receiving conventional teaching method,while 119 students in Grade 2012 were recruited as the experimental group receiving reform of fundamental nursing courses.The teaching outcomes were evaluated by using Job Competence of Nursing Students Evaluation Form and Medical education environment measurement table.Results The reform of fundamental nursing courses had significantly elevated all the aspects of professional competency among nursing undergraduates (P＜0.01),including personal traits,clinical ability,communication,critical thinking,specialty construction[(35.71 ± 3.82) vs.(33.41 ± 4.77),(55.29 ± 8.29) vs.(43.93 ± 8.68),(22.19 ± 2.71) vs.(19.88 ± 2.96),(16.83 ± 2.85) vs.(14.37 ± 2.71),(37.78 ± 6.31) vs.(32.42 ± 5.72)].Meanwhile,three dimensions of medical education environment for nursing students were also improved,including the student's perception of the teacher,self academic perception,self social perception [(35.23 ±5.72) vs.(31.28 6..22),(21.42 ±4.19) vs.(23.42 ±3.53),(19.44 ± 3.86) vs.(18.19 ± 3.47),t=-4.523、-3.503、-2.308,P＜0.01 or 0.05)].However,there was no significant differences in the aspects of learning perception,environment perception,and the total score of medical education environment (t=-1.866、0.725、-1.705,P＞0.05).Conclusions The professional competence and parts of the teaching environment around the nursing students have been elevated through the reform of Fundamental Nursing course.The reform also laid a solid foundation for the employment of nursing students.

Objective To explore CT and MRI imaging in the application of newly diagnosed esophageal cancer staging.Methods 200 patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer were selected as the research object, who voluntarily accepted the chest CT and MRI examination.Newly diagnosed esophageal cancer pathological results and CT,MRI features were observed.Spiral CT,MRI for T staging of esophageal cancer and N staging diagnosis were compared.Results In 200 patients,including 160 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,30 cases of adenocarcinoma, 10 cases of other types,T1 ,T2 ,T3 and T4 clinical staging period were respectively 19 cases,47 cases,81 cases and 53 cases,while N0 and N1 period were 65 cases and 135 cases respectively.The lesion diameter was 10 -22 (16.5 ± 4.6)mm.CT and MRI showed irregular thickening of the esophageal wall,CT showed equal or slightly lower density, T1 WI was MRI or low signal,T2 WI showed a slightly higher signal.Enhanced scanning,a substantial part of lesion enhancement,while the dead part had no enhancement.In T1 ,T2 of the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma,MRI had higher diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy compared with CT,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.32,3.89,all P <0.05).In T3 ,T4 of the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma,there were no statistical significance of MRI and CT of the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy rate difference (P >0.05).By using the joint appli-cation of the two methods,the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy were significantly higher than that used alone,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.12,3.98,all P <0.05).In the diagnosis of N0 and N1 in esophageal cancer,MRI had a higher sensitivity,there were statistically significant difference compared with CT (χ2 =4.54, 4.23,all P <0.05).The two methods had no significant difference in N0 and N1 phase specific diagnosis of esophage-al cancer and the correct rate (P >0.05).The combined application of MRI and CT significantly improved the diag-nostic sensitivity and accuracy.Compared with the single application,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.32,4.54,all P <0.05).Conclusion MRI is more sensitive to diagnosis T1 ,T2 stage and N0 ,N1 stage in esopha-geal carcinoma.Combined application of MRI and CT can improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy.

BACKGROUND:Machinable bioglass-ceramics became a new inorganic biomaterial; moreover, strength, toughness and machinability are significantly studied.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ZnO, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 additives on the microstructure and properties of machinable bioglass-ceramic in K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-F system.DESIGN: Observational contrast study.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Materials, Wuhan University of Technology from October 2003 to April 2004. K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2Os-F system, ZnO, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 additives, D/Max-ⅢA X-ray diffractometer (Japan), JSM-5610LV scanning electron microscope (SEM), HVS-1000 microhardnessmeter and 3257-35 magnetic testing device (Japan) were used in this study.METHODS: In the glass-ceramic of K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-F system, three kinds of additives ZnO, ZnO-Fe2O3 and ZnO-Fe2O3-ZrO2 were added respectively. These three kinds of ceramics were prepared by being melted at 1 400 ℃ for 1 hour. After fire, crystal temperature was set based on differential thermal analysis curve. ① Physical properties: Microhardness was determined with microhardnessmeter (HVS-1000). The flexural strength and fracture toughness were established measured with ceramic mechanical test system (MTS) method and single edge notched beam (SENB) method, respectively. Saturation magnetic moment and Curie temperature were determined with 3257-35 magnetism test machine made in Japan. Holing method was used to measure machinability. ② Test of crystalline phase and microstructure: Crystalline phase analysis was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD: D/Max-ⅢA) and microstructure analysis were conducted on an etched fracture surface using SEM (JSM-5610LV,Japan). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of ZnO, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 additives on physical properties, mineral composition and crystalline phase.RESULTS: ① The addition of ZnO to the glass-ceramic in K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-F system was beneficial to crystal growth, increasing aspect ratio of crystal, decreasing microhardness and improving toughness and machinability. ② The addition of ZnO-Fe2O3 to the glass-ceramic in K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-F system can form minority Mg-Zn ferrite with magnetism. The main crystalline phase present in the glass- ceramic was diopside with small size and hardness was improved, which led to worse machinability. ③ Because of the addition of ZnO-Fe2O3-ZrO2, magnesia fluormica and fluorapatite became the main crystalline phases, and the minor phases including Mg-Zn ferrite, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2, etc.also presented in the glass-ceramic. This material possessed high strength and toughness, good machinability and magnetism, which could stimulate formation of new bone, and was good substitute of bone restorations. Bioassay and in vitro test indicated that the glass-ceramic in K2O-MgO-CaO-SiO2-P2O5-F system was bioactive and biocompatible. CONCLUSION: ZnO, Fe2O3 and ZrO2 additives play a significant role in changing crystalline structure, enhancing strength,toughness and machinability of machinable bioglass-ceramic and generating magnetism.

Objective To study the etiology, clinical and pathological characteristics, therapy and prognosis of acute renal failure (ARF). Methods The literature of 80 treated children with ARF from 1988. 1 to 2003.10 was reviewed. Results Sixty three cases (78.8%)suffered from mtrarenal ARF;47 glomerulonephritls (58. 8%); 15(18. 8%)prerenal ARF;2(2 5%)postrenal obstructive ARF. Twenty three cases with renal biopsy,9(39. 1%)MsPGN;4 (17. 4% ) MPGN; 4 (17. 4%) crescentic glomerulonephntis; 3 (13% ) endocapillary glomerulonephritls;2(8 7% )proliferative and sclerosing glomerulonephritis; 1(1. 3% )minimal changes. According to the different etiologic and pathological characteristics,different therapies were applied,infusion,oral prednisone ,and intravenous pulses of methylprednisone and cyclosphosphamide ,dialysis, or diuretic therapy and lowering blood. Thirty one (38. 8% )cases recov-ered;27(33 8% )cases improved; 10( 12.5% ) cases gave up treatments;21 (26 3% )died. The mortality of ARF from 1996 to 2003 was significantly lower than that from 1988 to 1995(x2 = 7.85 P