Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are some of the final product which are released into the blood during the process of bone resorption or bone formation.Accumulative evidence shows that biochemical markers of bone metabolism through enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) are more sensitive and specific than imaging examination.Moreover,biochemical markers of bone metabolism also display their superiorities on the early diagonosis,monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases.Applications of biochemical markers of bone metabolism combined with imaging examination are more value for the early diagonosis,monitoring efficacy and prognosis evaluation in patients with bone metastases.

Objective The goal of this study was to explore the effect of exercise preconditioning on the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in the dorsal root ganglion of rats.Methods Fifty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C) and exercise preconditioning group(EP).Group EP performed intervial treadmill exercise for 3 weeks for establishing exercise preconditioning animal model.The expression of CGRP mRNA in dorsal root ganglion was investigated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The immunoreaetion of CGRP in dorsal root ganglion was shown by immunohistochemistry.Results There was no significant difference in the expression of CGRP mR.NA in two groups(P>0.05).As compared with the group C,the immunoreaction of CGRP was increased in group EP,and the positive area and mean optical density of CGRP immunoreaction in group PE were significant higher than that in group C(P<0.05).Conclusion Exercise preconditioning does not change the expression of CGRP mRNA in dorsal root ganglion,but enhances the expression of CGRP in dorsal root ganglion to promote the reserve and release of CGRP in peripheral nerve endings and has the same endogenous protection as ischemie preconditioning.

To study the effect of exercise on cardiac calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) using immunnohistochemistry and the technique of computer image analysis, the expression and mechanism of cardiac CGRP on the animal model trained with different exercise intensities were investigated. The result showed that long-term low intensity of exercise was not able to induce obvious change in cardiac CGRP. After long-term moderate intensity of exercise, the expression of cardiac CGRP increased so as to improve blood supply and protect myocardium. Long-term high intensity of exercise decreased expression of cardiac CGRP and weakened the protection of myocardium which could be a chief cause of myocardial ischemia.

Hypoxia is an inherent feature of the majority of solid tumors,which can increase the resistance of tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy,promote tumor angiogenesis and lead to poor prognosis.Therefore,targeting the hypoxic tumor cells has become a spot in cancer therapy.Bioreduction drugs can be activated by a specific reduction to become cytotoxic metabolites,thus killing hypoxic tumor cells,while small molecular targeting inhibitors can selectively act on the key point of hypoxia pathway.They have paved a new way for hypoxia targeted therapy.

FGFR2 plays an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation and FGFR2 gene has its own genetic polymorphism. It has recently been demonstrated that this genetic polymorphism is associated with risk of development of breast cancer and clinically pathological factors

Depending on the meaning and function of the liver in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine,this paper explores the important role of liver in the pathogenesis of DM (Diabetes Mellitus,DM).Combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation and specific case report study,this paper has stressed the importance of treating DM from liver and so to set a sound basis for the systemic treatment based on syndrome differentiation from internal organs for DM.

Bone-modifying agents (BMA) is a series drugs to alleviate the pain,pathological fractures,spinal cord compression,hypercalcemia,bone-related events which induced by bone metastases.Bisphosphonate drugs and denosumab are two dominant kinds of BMA at present.It has been proved that BMA is used in bone metastases patients with bone destruction,as adjuvant therapy for chemotherapy and radiotherapy,which can significantly improve the efficacy and prolong the survival of patients.In addition,some traditional Chinese medcine can effectively relieve a series of related symptoms caused by bone metastases and improve prognosis.Choosing right medication in clinical work can maximize the reduction of pain caused by bonerelated events and improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of three different staging system based on positive lymph nodes,lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes in breast carcinoma.Methods In 472 breast carcinoma patients,survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Merier and COX regression model,the hazard ratio (HR) of the three staging system were compared.Results When more than 10 lymph nodes were dissected in the operation,there was statistical differences in survival among the staging systems based on lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes (P ＜ 0.05),while the prognosis was highly homologous between the staging systems based on positive lymph nodes in stage N0 and N1.Univariate analysis showed age,tumor size,Her2 status,estrogen receptor status and the total lymph nodes dissected were related to overall survival (all P ＜ 0.05).COX multivariate analysis showed that the staging system based on lymph node ratio (5.495) and log odds of positive lymph nodes (4.662) had the higher HR than the N staging system (2.722).Conclusions Compared with the number of involved lymph nodes,the staging system based on lymph node ratio and log odds of positive lymph nodes were superior to the staging system based on positive lymph nodes for prognostic assessment of breast carcinoma.

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily. Many studies have shown that PPARγ can help to improve the outcome of cerebrovascular disease. PPARγ can reduce inflammatory response, oxidative stress as wel as enhance the hematoma removal abilities of microglia and macrophages, and it plays an important protective role in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To systematically review the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs)on two common respiratory system adverse events (RSAE:nasopharyngitis and upper re-spiratory tract infection)among type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods:Medline,Embase,Clinical trials and Cochrane library were searched from inception through May 201 5 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs)assessed safety of GLP-1 RAs versus placebo or other anti-diabetic drugs in T2DM.Network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework was performed to calculate odds ratios for the incidence of RSAE.Results:In the study,50 RCTs were included,including 1 3 treatments:7 GLP-1 RAs (exenati-de,exenatide-long-release-agent,liraglutide,lixisenatide,taspoglutide,albiglutide and dulaglutide), placebo and 5 traditional anti-diabetic drugs(insulin,metformin,sulfonylureas,sitagliptin and thiazo-lidinediones ketones).Compared with insulin,taspoglutide significantly decreased the incidence of naso-pharyngitis (OR =0.67,95%CI:0.46 -0.96).Significant lowering effects on upper respiratory tract infection were found when taspoglutide versus placebo (OR =0.57,95%CI:0.34 -0.99)and insulin (OR =0.39,95%CI:0.23 -0.73).The result from the network meta-analysis based on Bayesian theo-ry could be used to rank all the treatments included,which showed that taspoglutide ranked last with mi-nimum risk on nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection.Conclusion:Taspoglutide was associ-ated with significantly lowering effect on RSAE.