DREEM inventory developed by Dundee University in England was used to measure medical education environment of Medical University of China. It was found that the total perception of educational environment and the perception of teachers and learning of female students were higher than those of male students, but female students' confidence was lower than male students'. In this article the authors will express their own opinions on these problems and propose appropriate countermeasures.

The management of frailty in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been receiving increasing attention.Frailty in elderly patients with CKD has a high incidence and is used for risk prediction of adverse outcomes,including death,hospitalization,falls,dialysis and so on.A range of pathophysiological changes caused by CKD,aging and multimorbidity work together to promote the development of frailty.Treatment for CKD patients with frailty includes mainly nutritional support,exercise,drug therapy and comprehensive intervention.This article reviews recent research progress concerning frailty in elderly CKD patients.

Disability insurance is one of main component of isurance. This paper made comparison of disability standard of insurance among some countries and regions and drawn serveal chracteristics. With the review of Chinese Disability Standard for Insurance (1998 version),implications and strategies had been proposed for further revision.

AIM:To compare the efficacy of three types of eye care (artificial tear, moist chamber and polyethylene covers) for preventing exposure keratopathy in intensive care patients.METHODS: Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients were randomly divided to three treatment groups, including artificial tear group(29 cases), moist chamber group (27 cases) and polyethylene covers group (28 cases). Patients in artificial tear group received two drops of carboxymethylcellulose dropped to each eye every 2 hours. The moist chamber and polyethylene covers groups were changed every 12 hours or as needed if they became unclean or torn. Corneal fluorescein stain was performed daily.RESULTS:No one in the polyethylene covers group and one case(4%) in the moist chamber group had exposure keratopathy compared to 8 cases (28%) in the artificial tear group. There were statistical significance differences between both artificial tear group and moist chamber group (P=0.02), artificial tear group and polyethylene covers group (P=0.003). Everyday time of eye care in the artificial tear group, the moist chamber group and the polyethylene covers group was respectively 26.69±2.39, 35.33±2.63 and 7.48±0.87 minutes. Everyday time of eye care in the polyethylene covers group was statistically more time-saving than that in the artificial tear group (P<0.01) and the moist chamber group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Polyethylene covers are more effective and time-saving in reducing the incidence of corneal damage in intensive care patients.

Recent reports have indicated that Statins could remarkably improve the prognosis of patients suffered from coronary artery disease.And this effect is not only due to Statin's lipid-regulating function,but also correlated to its non-lipid-regulating action.Atorvastatin is the latest kind of statins.In this article,we specified the non-lipid-regulating effect of Atorvastatin in the prevention and therapy to coronary artery disease.Furthermore,we summarized its corresponding clinical evaluation or security.

Objective To study the effect of cellular glutathione (GSH) in relieving the cytotoxicity induced by arsenic on HaCaT. Methods The HaCaT cells were pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-buthionine-[S'R]-sulfoximine (BSO) for 24 h, then treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) by adding it into the medium for 24 h. Alarmarblue assay was used to detect the proliferation of the cells. Results The reduction rate of Alarmarblue increased when the HaCaT cells were treated with 0.001-10.000 ?mol/L of NaAsO2 alone (P

The purified oil of Anguilla japonica (139. 6-1116. 8 mg/kg) was administrated ig for 20 days in mice. Positive cell number of macrophage with Fc receptor, phago-cytic percentage and index were increased significantly. T lymphocyte transformation and activity of NK cell were enhanced merkedly. The amount of antibody forming cells was risen dramatically.

Objective To analyze drug resistance data of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium,submitted by member units of Chongqing bacterial drug resistance monitoring network,and to provide the basis for our city effective application of antimicrobial agents and the reference.Methods Target bacteria identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by member units,according to the national technology scheme of bacterial drug resistance monitoring network and the results were determined according to standards published by Clinic and Laboratory Standard Institute(CLSI) in 2015.WHONET5.6 software was used to analyze drug susceptibility,and drug resistance difference was analyzed by using SPSS21.0 software.Results A total of un-repeated 1 811 strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 601 strains of Enterococcus faecium,accounting for 13.1% of all positive strains.The resistant rates of the two kinds of bacteria to vancomycin were 0.5% and 1.8%,to rinathiazole amine were 2.5% and 0.5% respectively.Tigecycline resistant strains were not founded.The resistant rate of Enterococcus feaclis to ouinupristin/dalfopristin was 90.1%,to tetracycline was 78.8%,to high concentration of gentamicin was 43.0%,to penicillin,ampicillin and nitrofurantoin was less than 7%.Except ouinupristin/dalfopristin and tetracycline,the resistant rate of Enterococcus faecium to the other drugs were significantly higher than Enterococcus faecalis(P<0.05).Strains isolated from children and adult patients,Intensive Care Unit(ICU) and un-ICU patients were with differences of drug resistance(P<0.05).Conclusion Most of Enterococcus infection could be caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.Monitoring of drug resistance might be helpful for rational and effective usage of antimicrobial agents.

Objective To study the directly injury effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on human vascular endothelial cells(HVEC).Methods Lipopolysaccharide with different concentrations added into cultured vascular endothelial cells of human umbilical vein,at different phase after lipopolysaccharide being added,the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO),lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) were measured,and the adhesion of HVEC to polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMN) were observed,the morphological changes of HVEC were detected by phase-contrast microscope.Results The NO content,LDH activity were obviously elevated with increase of LPS concentration(P

The crowd were divided to 3 groups according to glucose tolerance:normal glucose tolerance,impaired glucose regulation,and new type 2 diabetes,the data was analyzed.The result showed that as the severity of abnormal glucose metabolism,the serum GGT gradually advanced,early insulin secretion index descended,The levels of resistance index,fasting and postprandial blood sugar,and glycosylated hemoglobin all raised.The serum GGT and early insulin secretion index was inversely correlated.The higher GGT level was an independent risk factors of abnormal glucose metabolism.