Refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children,which is also a difficult issue in clinic.Several therapies,including immunosuppressive agents,have been shown to be effective and safe for RNS.It is proved,however,that a substantial number of children are still refractory to treatment despite these therapies.Recently,rituximab as a new immunosuppressant has achieved good results for RNS,and a number of case reports and clinical trials have suggested that rituximab may be effective for children with RNS.This review will analyse the scientific basis for the efficacy and safety of using rituximab in children with RNS.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)was a common problem in children in clinic.pRIFLE Criteria, AKIN Criteria, KDIGO Criteria are the main classification criteria of AKI.Though serum creatinine is still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI, the sensitivity and specificity is unsatisfactory.In recent years, many potential biomarkers of AKI have been studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings.This review describes the novel biomarkers of AKI, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, interleukin-18 ,kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein,, which have now made a progress in clinic.

Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in children,but its clinical significance is widely debated.The pathogenesis is not very clear and etiology appears to be multifactorial,such as autoimmune thyroiditis,obesity,antiepileptic drugs and so on.Currently there is no broad consensus on the management of children with subclinical hypothyroidism.In this review,the available evidences regarding to investigation,risk factors,trreatments and outcomes for this disease are summarized.

Hereditary renal diseases (inherited kidney diseases) include glomerular diseases,tubular diseases and cystic diseases.The incidence of inherited kidney diseases is relatively low, but the variety of clinical insufficient understanding of the disease, the means test about inherited kidney diseases is also not standardized, easily lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.As the common clinical manifestation of hereditary renal disease and congenital/hereditary renal disease are mainly low blood potassium, kidney stones, polyuria, growth retardation, and may develop renal failure without treatment.Therefore, clinicians should pay special attention to the diagnosis of congenital/hereditary renal disease, and early interventions are recommended.

Objective The study was designed to investigate the effect of atomization inhalation of Qingjin-Huatandecoction on prevention of elderly patients’ postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy.MethodsA total of 60 elderly patients with thoracotomy were randomized into 2 groups. Both groups of patients were treated with oxygen uptake, anti-infection, antispasmodic, analgesic, and nutritional support. Based on the conventional treatment, the control group was added with atomization inhalation of mucosolvan and dexamethasone, while the treatment group with atomization inhalation ofQingjin-Huatan decoction. The volume of phlegm, serum CRP, TNF-α level and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), arterial blood gasanalysis, and records of the pulmonary complications were meausred.Results The pH value at Day 3 (7.39 ± 0.06vs. 7.36 ± 0.05,t=2.120), the PaO2at Day 3 (86.51 ± 3.96 mmHgvs. 84.07 ± 3.51 mmHg,t=2.520) and Day 5 (92.27 ± 2.94 mmHgvs. 90.40 ± 3.08 mmHg,t=2.400) of treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group; the PaCO2at Day 3 (44.57 ± 2.53 mmHgvs. 46.39 ± 3.35 mmHg,t=2.390) and  Day 5 (40.77 ± 2.48 mmHgvs. 42.42 ± 3.33 mmHg,t=2.130) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum CRP at Day 3(8.26 ± 2.38 mg/Lvs. 9.76 ± 2.37 mg/L,t=2.440) and Day 5 (6.94 ± 1.76 mg/Lvs. 8.15 ± 2.38 mg/L,t=2.250), the ANC at Day 3 (8.54 ± 1.85)×109/Lvs. (9.58 ± 1.94)×109/L, t=2.140) and Day 5 (6.54 ± 1.85)×109/Lvs. (7.58 ± 1.95)×109/L,t=2.160), the serum TNF-a at Day 5 (7.54 ± 1.38 mg/Lvs. 8.43 ± 1.36 mg/L,t=2.540) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The sputum volume at Day 3 (50.74 ± 18.46 ml/dvs. 59.92 ± 15.25 ml/d,t=2.099) and Day 5 (39.64 ± 18.21 ml/dvs. 48.99 ± 13.55 ml/d,t=2.256) of treatment group was lower than that of the control group. At Day 5, the pneumonia (3.33%vs. 20.00%,t=4.043) and the atelectasis (6.67%vs. 26.77%,t=4.320) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionAtomization inhalation ofQingjin-Huatandecoction can improve pulmonary function of postoperative pulmonary complications of elderly patients after thoracotomy, take control of inflammation and the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anxiety Disorders ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a key part of the wearable monitoring technologies, which has many communication technologies to choose from, like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband, and Wireless Human Body Communication (WHBC). As for the WHBC developed in recent years, it is worthy to be further studied. The WHBC has a strong momentum of growth and a natural advantage in the formation of WBAN. In this paper, we first briefly describe the technical background of WHBC, then introduce theoretical model of human-channel communication and digital transmission machine based on human channel. And finally we analyze various of the interference of the WHBC and show the AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping) technology which can effectively deal with the interference.
Computer Communication Networks ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Wireless Technology

Influenza A(H1N1)virus is a re-mixed strains of human influenza virus genes,avian influenza virus gene and swine influenza virus gene.Influenza A(H1N1)pandemic influenza has spread around the world,which has drawn worldwide attention.In order to early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and effective prevention of Influenza A(H1N1),we describe the characteristics of linfluenza A(H1N1)virus,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and effective treatment and preventive measures.

Diagnosis and management of hip injuries has advanced significantly in the past few years with the improvement of arthroscopic techniques of the hip. Many of pathologic conditions previously unrecognized and untreated have been diagnosed and treated correctly under hip arthroscopy . Current application for hip arthroscopy include management of labral tears,osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement, thermal capsulorrhaphy and capsular plication for subtle rotational instability and capsular laxity, lateral impact injury and chondral lesions, osteochondritis dissecans, ligamentum teres injuries, internal and external snapping hip, removal of loose bodies, synovial biopsy, subtotal synovectomy, synovial chondromatosis, infection, and certain cases of mild to moderate osteoarthritis with associated mechanical symptoms. In addition,patients with long-standing, unresolved hip joint pain may benefit from arthroscopy. Patients with reproducible symptoms and physical findings that reveal limited functioning, and who have failed an adequate trial of conservative treatment will have the greatest likelihood of success after arthroscopic intervention. Prescise attention to thorough physical examination, detailed imaging,and adherence to safe and reproducible surgical techniques are essential for the success of this procedure.

Two types of elbow arthroplasties are used in current clinial practice:interpositional and implant arthroplasty.Interposition elbow arthroplasty neither completely eliminates pain nor restores full function.It may be indicated for young active patients with severe inflammatory or posttraumatic arthritis,especially those with limited elbow motion.Current implant arthroplasty has come a long way in the past three decades.Elbow implant survival data nearly approach those of knee arthroplasty.The majority of patients have significant improvement in function and marked pain relief after total elbow replacement.However,the complication rate is higher than that for total hip and knee arthroplasty,is likely inherent in the anatomic uniqueness of the elbow itself.Greater caution must be paid to prevention of the complications of total elbow replacement.This article reviews the types,indications,contraindications and results of elbow arthroplasty.