Refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children,which is also a difficult issue in clinic.Several therapies,including immunosuppressive agents,have been shown to be effective and safe for RNS.It is proved,however,that a substantial number of children are still refractory to treatment despite these therapies.Recently,rituximab as a new immunosuppressant has achieved good results for RNS,and a number of case reports and clinical trials have suggested that rituximab may be effective for children with RNS.This review will analyse the scientific basis for the efficacy and safety of using rituximab in children with RNS.

Acute kidney injury (AKI)was a common problem in children in clinic.pRIFLE Criteria, AKIN Criteria, KDIGO Criteria are the main classification criteria of AKI.Though serum creatinine is still used as the most common biomarkers for diagnosis of AKI, the sensitivity and specificity is unsatisfactory.In recent years, many potential biomarkers of AKI have been studied in a variety of experimental and clinical settings.This review describes the novel biomarkers of AKI, including cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, interleukin-18 ,kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein,, which have now made a progress in clinic.

Influenza A(H1N1)virus is a re-mixed strains of human influenza virus genes,avian influenza virus gene and swine influenza virus gene.Influenza A(H1N1)pandemic influenza has spread around the world,which has drawn worldwide attention.In order to early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and effective prevention of Influenza A(H1N1),we describe the characteristics of linfluenza A(H1N1)virus,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and effective treatment and preventive measures.

Objective To evaluate the effect of probucol on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation(i,e.flow- mediated dilation,FMD) function of the old patients with isolated systolic hypertension.Methods In this single- blind study,a total of 64 old pariems with isolated systolic hypertension were randomized to receive conventional an- tihypertensive therapy and probucol (0.5g twice daily,group A,n=33) or receive conventional antihyperrensive therapy(group B,n=31) for 12 weeks.The levels of blood lipid were measured and vascular endothelial function was assessed in the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound technique in form of endothelium-dependent vasodi- latation before and after treatment.Results After 12-week treatment,the levels of TC,LDL-C and HDL-C in group A were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment(all P0.05).Flow-mediated dilatation parameters in both groups were obviously improved compared with those before treatment( P

AIM: To optimize the process of extracting effective constituents from Radix Polygalae by central composite design/response surface methodology. METHODS: Independent variables were ethanol concentration,reflux time and solvent fold,dependent variable was extraction rate of senegenin in Radix Polygalae.Linear or nolinear mathematic models were used to estimate the relationship between independent and dependent variables.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process of extraction.Prediction was carried out through comparing the observed and predicted values. RESULTS: Regression coefficients of binomial fitting complex model was as high as 0.979 0, the optimum conditions of extraction process were 60% ethanol,2.5 hours for reflux,10-fold solvent and 2 times for extraction.Bias between observed and predicted values was-5.93%. CONCLUSION: It shows that the optimum model is highly predictive.

Objective The study was designed to investigate the effect of atomization inhalation of Qingjin-Huatandecoction on prevention of elderly patients’ postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy.MethodsA total of 60 elderly patients with thoracotomy were randomized into 2 groups. Both groups of patients were treated with oxygen uptake, anti-infection, antispasmodic, analgesic, and nutritional support. Based on the conventional treatment, the control group was added with atomization inhalation of mucosolvan and dexamethasone, while the treatment group with atomization inhalation ofQingjin-Huatan decoction. The volume of phlegm, serum CRP, TNF-α level and absolute neutrophil count (ANC), arterial blood gasanalysis, and records of the pulmonary complications were meausred.Results The pH value at Day 3 (7.39 ± 0.06vs. 7.36 ± 0.05,t=2.120), the PaO2at Day 3 (86.51 ± 3.96 mmHgvs. 84.07 ± 3.51 mmHg,t=2.520) and Day 5 (92.27 ± 2.94 mmHgvs. 90.40 ± 3.08 mmHg,t=2.400) of treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group; the PaCO2at Day 3 (44.57 ± 2.53 mmHgvs. 46.39 ± 3.35 mmHg,t=2.390) and  Day 5 (40.77 ± 2.48 mmHgvs. 42.42 ± 3.33 mmHg,t=2.130) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum CRP at Day 3(8.26 ± 2.38 mg/Lvs. 9.76 ± 2.37 mg/L,t=2.440) and Day 5 (6.94 ± 1.76 mg/Lvs. 8.15 ± 2.38 mg/L,t=2.250), the ANC at Day 3 (8.54 ± 1.85)×109/Lvs. (9.58 ± 1.94)×109/L, t=2.140) and Day 5 (6.54 ± 1.85)×109/Lvs. (7.58 ± 1.95)×109/L,t=2.160), the serum TNF-a at Day 5 (7.54 ± 1.38 mg/Lvs. 8.43 ± 1.36 mg/L,t=2.540) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The sputum volume at Day 3 (50.74 ± 18.46 ml/dvs. 59.92 ± 15.25 ml/d,t=2.099) and Day 5 (39.64 ± 18.21 ml/dvs. 48.99 ± 13.55 ml/d,t=2.256) of treatment group was lower than that of the control group. At Day 5, the pneumonia (3.33%vs. 20.00%,t=4.043) and the atelectasis (6.67%vs. 26.77%,t=4.320) of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionAtomization inhalation ofQingjin-Huatandecoction can improve pulmonary function of postoperative pulmonary complications of elderly patients after thoracotomy, take control of inflammation and the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the quality standard of Naoliqing capsule. METHODS: The Sus scrofa domestica and Achyranthes bidentata in Naoliqing capsule were identified by TLC, and the content of oleanolic acid was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: The characteristic TLC spots of the Sus scrofa domestica and Achyranthes bidentata in Naoliqing capsule were detected. The linear range of oleanolic acid was 0.5～7.5 ?g(r=0.999 6) with an average recovery of 97.43%(RSD=1.94%,n=6). CONCLUSION: The results are conducive to the improvement of the quality standard of Naoliqing capsule.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of Compound Epidermal Growth Factor Pellicles for recurrent oral ulcer. METHODS: 106 patients with recurrent oral ulcer were randomly assigned to receive Compound Epidermal Growth Factor Pellicles with efficacy-confirmed hospital preparation as control. The clinical efficacy in two groups was compared. RESULTS: The effective rate was significantly higher in patients treated with Compound Epidermal Growth Factor Pellicles than with hospital preparation (control) (89.66% vs. 75.00%,P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a microbial limit test method for Naoliqing capsules and validate the methodology.METHODS:In accordance with Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005th edition,a verification test on the microbial limit test mothod of Naoliqing capsules was carried out using escherichia coli,bacillu subtilis,staphy lococcus aureus,aspergillus niger and candida albicans.RESULTS:The recovery rates of the above different test bacteria were all above 70%,and the recovery rates of 5 test bacteria in diluting agent were all above 70%.CONCLUSION:The routine method is applicable for microbial limit test of Naoliqing capsules.

Objective: To assess the mental health status of poor medical students.Methods: 40 poor medical students and 40 ordinary medical students were studied controlly with symptom checdlist-90. Results: poor medical students than ordinary medical students had more scores in factors and all average. Conclusion: the mental health status of poor medical students is not good.The work of mental health education and consultation should be accessed according to their mental status for them.