Objective To study the impacts of health insurance schemes on the equity of health services access and the financial protection for disease risk exposure of the elderly population.Methods The descriptive statistics method and econometrics models.Results Full coverage of the health insurance fails to eliminate the inequity in health services access.For example,the two-week clinical visit rate and hospitalization rate of the high-income group are 1.57 and 1.21 times higher than those of the low-income group;the disease risk economic protection function of the health insurance falls below requirement,as the out-of-pocket ratio is as high as 30%~40%;the security for urban workers is far better than urban residents,as the utilization level of outpatient service and hospitalization service of senior workers are 1.18 and 1.33 times that of senior urban residents respectively.Conclusion Despite the full population coverage of health insurance schemes,it is a long way to go before the goal of universal health coverage. Future reforms should aim at filling the financial gaps between different health insurance schemes.

Concerning the principal individual medical financing responsibility,Singapore provided well medical insurance for low-income groups through the general shared medical subsidy system and the medical assistance system based on income examination.Based on the whole framework of medical insurance system,it analyzed the structure and main content of the all-dimension and multi-tiered medical assistance system in Singapore.It provided references for the medical assistance development in China,including rationally define the scope of medical assistance,respond the outpatient demand and adjust the ageing social development;implementing designated medical institutions treatment systems,especial for primary institutions:introducing social forces during the management of medical assistance.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; complications ; therapy

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant tumor of the liver in children,and it is most prevalent in children under 5 years old.The overall prognosis of childhood HB has been improved significantly due to multidisciplinary team approach consisting with surgical resection and combination chemotherapy.Nevertheless,the clinical outcomes of metastatic and relapsed HB remain to be poor.This paper makes a brief review on the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of HB.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different drugs in the treatment of patients with endometriosis by laparoscopic conservatism operation.Methods 165 patients with endometriosis met the inclusion were included as research subjects.All patients were treated with laparoscopic conservatism operation,then were divided intoⅠgroup (goserelin),Ⅱ group (mifepristone),Ⅲ group (gestrinone)according to different postoperative medica-tion,55 cases in each group.The clinical efficacy and safety were observed.Results The E2 ,CA125,EMAb,dys-menorrhea VAS scores of Ⅰ group after treatment were (136.7 ±3.8)pmol/L,(18.0 ±2.8)u/mL,(200.8 ± 52.1)pg/mL,(1.91 ±0.35)points,those of Ⅱ group were (155.0 ±3.5)pmol/L,(29.4 ±3.3)u/mL,(265.1 ± 49.8)pg/mL,(1.98 ±0.44)points,those of Ⅲ group were (158.0 ±3.2)pmol/L,(31.1 ±3.5)u/mL,(278.2 ± 45.6)pg/mL,(1.95 ±0.45)points,those in three groups after treatment were significantly lower than before treat-ment(tⅠgroup =10.257,9.029,13.311,7.802,tⅡgroup =8.441,7.083,10.54,6.703,tⅢgroup =7.702,6.448,8.671, 6.784,all P <0.01).There were significant differences between the three groups in E2 ,CA125,EMAb(F =11.375, 8.002,7.671,all P <0.01).The E2 ,CA125,EMAb ofⅠgroup after treatment were significantly lower than Ⅱ,Ⅲgroup(tⅠgroup -ⅡgrouP =3.562,5.017,3.631,tⅠgroup -Ⅲ group =3.268,4.573,4.023,all P <0.05).The total effective rate of I group was 90.91%,which was significantly higher than Ⅱgroup,Ⅲ group(χ2 =10.456,P <0.05).The 1 -year pregnancy rate of I group was 50.91%,which was significantly higher than Ⅱgroup,Ⅲ group(χ2 =7.700,P <0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of I group was 18.18%,which of Ⅱ group was 3.64%,which of Ⅲgroup was 29.09%(χ2 =12.732,P <0.01).Conclusion The goserelin has exact effect in the treatment of patients with endometriosis by laparoscopic conservatism operation,and has better treatment compliance,lower relapse rate and incidence of adverse reactions,higher pregnancy success rate,but the mifepristone has better economy and safety,the patients should be selected according to specific circumstances.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Contraction ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Heart Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Function, Right

In the interpersonal communication conflict is one of the social interactions that occurs frequently.Negative emotion influences the lif estudy and health condition of college students.The psychological healthy education of college students should improve their psychological health condition level through changing their unreasonable belief,decreasing the emotional sensitivity to conflicts,analyzing the emotion to conflicts corretcly so on.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a kind of novel cytotoxin with multi-drug-resistance reverting properties and study their cytotoxicity. METHODS: The target compounds were obtained from N-benzyl-4-piperidones and benzaldehyde derivatives on the condition of 20°C, 7-8 h, taking dry hydrogen chloride as catalyst, using aldol condensation reaction, inspected by TLC and purified through recrystallization. RESULTS: Five N-benzyl-3, 5-bis(arylmethylene)-4-piperidone derivatives were synthesized. The yield was over 49%. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, ESI-MS with melting points. The data of cytotoxicity was obtained. CONCLUSION: The synthetic route is convenient and efficient; The compounds had good inhibiting activity for a few kinds of tumor cells. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

No Abstract available.
Cross Infection* ; Internet*

Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hematologic Diseases ; complications ; Humans