Exosomes are endosome-derived vesicles (40-100 nm) formed during the formation of multi-vesicular bodies(MVBs),which contains plasma membrane,membrane protein and functional signaling protein.The variety of proteins depends on the origin of EXO and thus imparts distinct biological function.Exosomes derived from antigen-presenting cells (APC),such as dendritic cells,and tumor cells may play an important role in immunological regulation and cancer immunotherapy.The present review summarizes the recent studies of EXO-related biological function.

Objective To determine a better technique for developing the Huoxiang-Zhengqi oral emulsion without ethanol. Methods The medicinal herb of prescription in Huoxiang-Zhengqi oral liquid was extracted, and the volatile oil was firstly sheared with lecithin by high speed shearing machine, and then was prepared by high-pressure homogenizer and finally was sterilized. The factors such as the amount of phospholipids, emulsifying temperature, shearing time, the times of high pressure homogenization and sterilization conditions were investigated. Results The optimization preparation process was that the volatile oil from Huoxiang-Zhengqi oral liquid was added into 50%lecithin and was dissolved in 70 ℃ water bath, then in 10 000 r/min high-speed shear. And in the phase of adding aqueous, it was sheared 5 min for the preparation of colostrum. In the high pressure homogenization machine, the first stage pressure was set at 800 bar and the second was at 80 bar, and based on the high pressure, colostrum was prepared by 8 times. Finally, the sterilization was 116 ℃, 30 min. The preparation was a brown clarified solution, which was qualified. Conclusion The preparation method was simple, stable, and easy to popularize.

0.05)from that obtained by ultrasonography or mammography alone.Conclusions:The high frequency ultrasonography can be the first choice for diagnosing breast malignant tumor,uhrasonography combined mammography can increase the CDR of breast malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the effect of Chinese herbal medicine of astringents on H22 ascitic type hepatoma haematogenous and lymphatic metastasis in mice.Methods In hematogenous metastasis experiment,the growth of lung metas- tasis and hemorheological indexes were observed in Kunming mice after intravenous injection of H22 ascitic type hepatoma into the caudal veins.In lymphatic metastasis experiment,hepatocarcinoma metastasis mice models were established by subcuta- neous injection of H22 hepatocareinoma cells into the right lower limb,and the inhibitory- rate of tumor weight,incidence of metastasis carcinoma in lung,metastasis of lymph nodes were observed.Results In hematogenous metastasis experiment, compared with the model group,the number of metastatic nodules in lung was decreased in Cortex Ailanthi group and Fructus Corni group,and Cortex Ailanthi improved the hemorheological indexes.In lymphatic metastasis experiment,compared with the control group,the number of metastatic nodules in lung was decreased and the inhibitory rate of tumor weight was increased in Fructus Mume group and Fructus Corni group.The metastases of lymph node were decreased in the three astringents groups. Conclusion Chinese herbal medicine of astringents has an inhibitory effect on the metastasis of hepatoma haematogenous and lymphatic metastasis.

Objective To establish a new method for the determination of glycerin in fat emulsion.Method Glycerin was oxidized by sodium periodate to generate formaldehyde,which in turn reacted with acetylacetone to produce a derivative with ultraviolet absorption property,which was determined using ultraviolet speetrophotometer.Result This method showed high recovery (100.04％ in the linear range of content) and good precision.Conclusion This method is reliable in determining the concentration of glycerin in fat emulsion.

Human epididymis gene product 4 (HFA)mRNA highly expressed in oarian cancer tissue and the quantity was associated with the type of the ovarian cancer;The serum HF4 had the same specificity and sensitivity in the early diagnosis of oarian cancer compared with CA125 ,and the HF4 had an advantage over theCA125 in that it was less frequently positive in patients with nonmalignant disease;the combination of HE4 andCA125 yielded higher sensitivity ;The serum tumor marker HFA is an excellent marker for determining responseto treatment and for the detection of early recurrence of disease in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer; HE4 isnot only a serological tumor biomarker but also a target for gene-based therapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum progesterone, β-HCG combined detection in early threatened abortion. Methods According to the result of pregnancy in the hospital, 140 cases of early threatened abortion maternal and were divided into two groups, that threatened abortion group 90 cases( threatened abortion symptoms in early pregnancy but after follow-up miscarriage treatment successful producers).And abortion 50 cases (threatened abortion symptoms in early pregnancy, but after conventional therapy, the miscarriage was failure and termination of pregnancy ).And 90 cases of normal pregnant women were selected as control group in the same period of birth to check in the hospital,and detected in serum progesterone and β-HCG content of three groups of patients, and analyzed.Results Between threatened abortion group and the control group, serum progesterone and β-HCG was no significant difference.West blot results, the value of serum progesterone in abortion group was significantly lower than the other 2 groups, abortion group β-HCG was lower than that of the control group and threatened abortion group, with significant difference ( P<0.05).When serum progesterone values >12.2ng/mL, maternal pregnancy continued probability was greater than the natural abortion, with significant difference ( P<0.05 ).β-HCG >5000 IU/mL, maternal pregnancy continued probability was greater than the natural abortion, with significant difference ( P<0.05 ).Progesterone, β-HCG, progesterone and β-HCG joint detection, joint detection sensitivity ( 87.09%) was higher than progesterone, β-HCG alone detection ( 76.33% and 60.34%) , the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 ).Progesterone, β-HCG, progesterone joint detection of specific were 85.00%, 100.00% and 90.00%, there were not statistically significant.Conclusions Serum progesterone and β-HCG joint detection for early threatened abortion diagnosis has guiding significance, can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the test results, which can effectively guide clinical practice.

In hysteroscopic surgery, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome is due to the pressure and distention of uterine distention medium.A large number of uterine distention fluid absorption causes dilution hyponatremia and hypervolemia and a series of clinical symptoms.When not timely diagnosed and treated, it may become fatal.The four stage hysteroscopic surgery is the highest difficult and the most prone to TURP syndrome.This paper reviewed current situation of hysteroscopy with TURP syndrome in recent years and explored the risk factors of TURP syndrome during hysteroscopy, for a more targeted prevention of TURP syndrome.

Objective: To optimize the preparation procedure of coptis in Shutangluo Capsule.Methods: The orthogonal design(L9(34)) was carried out for the optimum extraction conditions of coptis in Shutangluo Capsule.By determining berberine hydrochloride with HPLC method,the mobile phase of HPLC was CH3CN-0.1%H3PO4-CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO2Na(40:60:0.12g).Results: The best extraction process was as follows: reflux with 6 times of 70% alcohol for two times,every time for 1.5hr.Conclusion: The optimum extraction technology is rational and feasible with high extraction rate of berberine hydrochloride.

目的观察低能量He-Ne激光血管内照射(ILIB)治疗癌痛的效果。方法102例重度疼痛的肿瘤患者,随机分为治疗组、对照组。治疗组52例用ILIB止痛,每日1次,每次60 min,5～7 d为1个疗程;对照组50例肌肉注射度冷丁,每日3次,每次50mg。结果治疗组总有效率86.54%,对照组总有效率94%(P>0.05)。结论ILIB治疗重度癌性疼痛疗效与度冷丁相似,且克服了多次肌注度冷丁导致的成瘾性及局部皮肤化脓感染等副作用。