Objective To determine the multi-ion content in inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine(IPV) by using ion chromatography,and to verify and preliminarily apply the method,so as to perform quality control for multi-ions in the vaccines.Methods Chromatographic conditions:anion exchange analysis column(4 mm × 250 mm) with the sample loading of 25 μL,isocratic elution with 30 mmol/L potassium hydroxide eluent at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and column temperature of 25℃,and detection by a conductivity detector for 15 min of detection time.Chromeleon chromatography workstation was used to record and analyze the data.The applicability,specificity,linearity,accuracy and reproducibility of the established method were verified,and the limit of detection(LOD) and limit of quantitation(LOQ) were determined.Ten batches of IPV made from Sabin strains(sIPV) were detected by using the established method.Results The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of peak areas of fluoride ions,chloride ions,sulfate ions,nitrate ions and phosphate ions were all less than 2.0% after 8 consecutive injections;The method showed strong specificity in detecting chloride ions,fluoride ions,nitrate ions,phosphate ions and sulfate ions.In the range of 2.5-150 μg/mL,there was a good linear relationship between the above ion concentration and the chromatography peak area,with all the r~2 values of more than 0.995.Adding low(10 μg/mL),medium(25 μg/mL)and high(50 μg/mL) concentrations of multi-ion mixed standard solution to sIPV filtrate,the recovery rates were between93.69% and 106.70%,and the RSDs were within 0.05%-0.7% in six tests.The minimum LODs of fluoride ion,chloride ion,sulfate ion,nitrate ion and phosphate ion were 8.3,2.5,5.1,0.025 and 0.021 μg/mL,and the minimum LOQs were 0.025,8.3,0.025,0.45 and 0.063 μg/mL,respectively.Fluoride ion,sulfate ion and nitrate ion were not detected in 10batches of sIPV using the established method,while chloride ion and phosphate ion were detected.Conclusion Ion chromatography is an effective detection method for the determination of multi-ion concentration changes in IPV,which is simple,rapid,sensitive and reproducible,and can help enterprises to control the quality of this kind of vaccines

The medical curriculum which is designed reasonable, plays a decisive role in the training specifications and quality of medical talents. The medical education in England is always in the world first column, and its medical curriculum is distinctive. The courses are mostly offered by the form of integration. They pay more attention to the setup of selective courses, humanities and social sciences courses, and they also put emphasis on the early clinical contact and early scientific research training. In addition, they are also outstanding in practice and internship. There is much beneficial enlightenment for our country's course reform from the British medical curriculum design, namely to establish integration courses which is interdisciplinary, to strengthen the humanistic quality's cultiva-tion, to advocate early clinical contact and early scientific research, and to strengthen cooperation and coordination between medical colleges and social organizations in all aspects.

Primary Hepatic Carcinoma(PHC)is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world.Nowadays,its incidence and mortality have been still increasing.With regard to the early treatment for PHC,the combined therapy,primarily referred to operation,is considered optimal.For recent decades,with the quick development of ultrasonic therapeutics,High Intensity Focused Ultrasound(HIFU)techniques,which rose newly,has already become a kind of effective and noninvasive substitution therapy for PHC operation therapy as a kind of noninvasive tumor therapy.Now,this literature review aims to summarize the found re- search and clinical research of HIFU therapy for primary hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To apply fluo-rescencc-activated cell sorting(FACS) in sorting T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+), which establish the separating method of series of cells from human peripheral blood, so that the scientific research and clinical research could be carried out were specifically. Methods 10 cases of normal peripheral blood were collected and T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) were stained with florescence conjugated antibodies. The positive cells were sorted by FACS. Results Before sorting the peripheral blood, the proportion of the T lymphocyte(CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) in the leukocyte is 48.8 % and 30.8 %; after sorting by FACS, the purity of T lymphocytes (CD_3~+) is up to 98 % and the recovery is about 95 %; the purity of granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) is up to 97 % and the recovery is about 96 %. Conclusion The FACS could Mlow us to quickly sort T lymphocyte (CD_3~+) and granulocyte (CD_(15)~+) with higher recovery and higher purity from the peripheral blood.

Objective To apply fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) in sorting natural killer (NK) cells from human peripheral blood. The efficiency of these two methods were compared so that the basic conditions for the further study on the lower proportion of peripheral blood cells could be created. Methods Twenty cases of normal peripheral blood and 3 cases of post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) were collected and NK cell were sorted by FACS and MACS. Results Before sorting the normal peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (12.86±3.62) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.15±2.03) % and the recovery was (95.08±2.16) %after sorting by FACS, the purity was up to (93.35±3.61) % and the recovery was (94.11±3.01) % by MACS.And before sorting the post-HSCT peripheral blood, the proportion of the NK cell in the leukocyte was (11.01±2.08) %, the purity of NK cell was up to (96.22±2.16) % and the recovery was (95.27±1.18) % after sorting by FACS. The purity was up to (90.98±1.94) % and the recovery was (94.54±3.52) % by MACS. Thereis difference in purity of NK cell (t = 5.925, P ＜0.05), while no difference in rate of recovery between 2methods (t = 0.789, P ＞0.05). Conclusion FACS is more efficient, rapidly and easily than MACS in sorting NK cell, especially for post-HSCT cases.

Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurosurgery ; trends

Objective To determine the incidence of thrombogenic events during the prostate operation period in patients discontinuing aspirin.Methods Among a retrospective cohort of 342 patients admitted in our institution for benign prostatic hyperplasia (or prostate cancer),combined with acute coronary syndrome (or stroke),we studied 4 patients who had not been taking aspirin before thrombogenic vascular event.Data on age,sex,vascular disease risk factors,and clinical outcome were collected.Results The 4 patients' mean age was 78.8±5.9 years.Each patient had at least two following risk factors:atrial fibrillation,old cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes.80％ patients had a clinical history of hypertension.2 of the 4 patients stopped aspirin before a surgical procedure and developed acute ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction,separately.The other two patients developed acute ischemic stroke without aspirin prescription.The median time between admission and thrombogenic events was 15.5± 10.5 days.All patients were not given finasteride on admission.Conclusions This study should alert clinicians to know the risk of aspirin withdrawl perioperatively in patients at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the dangers of heart failure to the mother and fetal,and the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complicated with heart failure. Methods The clinical data of the causes,timing,management and outcomes of 87 cases of pregnant women complicated with heart failure from March 1993 to January 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. Results ①Thirty-one cases(35.6%) of heart failure in pregnancy were caused by rheumatic heart disease,26(29.9%) by pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),16(18.4%) by congenital heart disease,and 14(16.1%) by peripartum cardiomyopathy.②The heart failure appeared at the average of(32.69?5.57) weeks.③The average terminal time of pregnancy was(34.66?4.52) weeks.④There were 79 newborns with 6 cases of twins,and the perinatal mortality was 8.6%(8 cases).Hysterotomy was performed in 6 cases in mid-pregnancy.The average weight of babies was(2419.56?786.08) g.⑤The maternal mortality was 6.9%(6 cases).(Conclusion The main) causes of heart failure in pregnancy are rheumatic heart disease,PIH and congenital heart disease.Although the standard management of pregnancy complicated with heart failure is inotropic agents,diurectics and vasodilators,the treatment should be individualized according to the specific etiology and with the consideration of the safety of fetus as well.Pinpointing the causes of heart failure in pregnant patients and treating accordingly may be conducive to reduce the maternal and perinatal mortality.

Objective To investigate the changes in hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) level in plasma and myocardial tissues of doxorubicin-induced heart failure rats,and to study the role of H_2S in the development of doxorubicin-induced heart failure.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows:the doxorubicin group(n=12),in which 2.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin was injected intraperitoneal once a week for 10 weeks(total dose of 25 mg/kg);the control group(n=9),in which an(equivalent) volume of physiological saline was administered weekly for a total of 10 weeks.The observation of behavior was taken at the same time.Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were obtained 10 weeks after treatment.Meanwhile,H_2S concentrations in serum and myocardial tissues were evaluated by modified sulfide electrode method.The changes of H_2S level between 2 groups were analyzed.Results The rats treated with doxorubicin showed inanimate behavior,decrease of the body temperature,activities and food intake,faster breathing,significant loss of weight,the cumulative mortality was 33%.Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),difference of left ventricular pressure[△LVP=LVSP-left ventricular diastolic pressure(LVDP)] and left ventricular peak rate of contraction(+LV dp/dtmax),left ventricular peak rate of relaxation(-LV dp/dtmax)were significantly reduced in the group of doxorubicin rats(P

Objective To study the changes of hematological indices of blood donors after 400ml whole-blood donation.Methods Blood specimens of 123 healthy donors were collected before donation,1 day,7 days,1 month,and 3 months after donation.The dynamic changes of WBC,RBC,hemoglobin,hematocrit,Plt,plasma total protein,albumin and blood serum iron were observed.Results After donation,the changes of WBC,Plt,total protein of blood plasma and albumin showed no significant change.The levels of RBC,hemoglobin,hematocrit and blood serum iron returned to normal after 3 months.Conclusion For anyone who meets the health standard of blood donors,to donate 400ml whole blood at 3-month interval is harmless.