Auacurium has been used in 107 patients during i. v. procaine balanced anesth- esia. The results show that atracurium facilitates tracheal intubation with only slight cardiovascular affect,it produces satosfactory muscle relaxaction and quick recovery from anesthesia .Its action and recovery from anesthesia are not markedly affected by functional disorder of liver and kidney, cardio-yascular diseases, age of patient and long-standing operation.

Objective:To explore the effect of Shenfu on plasma neuropeptide Y in antrial septal defect(ASD) and(or) ventricular septal defect(VSD) of congenital heart disease(CHD) during cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods:20 patients undergoing ASD(VSD) were divided into control group(group C) and trial group(group SF) at random.Each was with 10 patients.Patients in group C accepted routine normal saline fluiding without SFI during CPB.In group SF,1.5ml/kgSFI was pumped via CPB at the time of routine fluiding and after aorta was opened.Monitoring of hemodynamic MAP was done before CPB(t1),and at times of initiating anterior parallel circulation(APC)(t2),of posterior parallel circulation(PPC)(t3) and CPB stopped(t4).Other hemodynamics markers(HR,abnormal ECG-ST) were recorded after restoration of heart beat.Blood samples were taken from central vein to determine the serum concentrations of cardiac neuropeptide Y(NPY).Results: 1.The change of hemodynamics: MAP,HR of Group SF were higher than those of group C(P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of Shenfu injectio on isolated rabbit heart against ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury.Methods Forty adult long-ear white rabbits weighing 3.8-4.2 kg were anesthetized with intraperitoneal thiopental 40 mg?kg~(-1).Heparin 4 mg?kg~(-1) was injected Ⅳ.Hearts were immediately removed and mounted on a Langendorff apparatus and perfused via aorta with Krebs-Henseleit solution aerated at 37℃ with 95 % O_2 and 5 % CO_2.Forty isolated hearts were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):control group in which cardiac arrest was induced with St Thomas hyperkkaelemic cardioplegic solution and 4 Shenfu groups(SF)in which cardiac arrest was induced with St Thomas cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of Shenfu injectio:1%(SF1), 5%(SF5),10%(SF10)and 15%(SF15).All hearts in the 5 groups were subjected to global ischemia for 45 min followed by 40 min reperfusion.Coronary effluent was collected after reperfusion for determination of CK-MB activity.Mitochondria were isolated arid Ca~(2+) and MDA content was measured.Myocardial ultrastructure was observed using electron microscope.Mitochondrial injury was assessed by using Flameng score and stereology(NA and ?).Results The CK-MB activity in coronary effluent,mitochondrial MDA and Ca~(2+) content and Flameng score were decreased and NA was increased in group SF1,SF5 and SF10 as compared with control group(P＜ 0.05 or 0.01).The ? of mitochondria was increased in group SF5 and SF10 as compared with control group(P＜ 0.01).The CK-MB activity and Ca~(2+) content were increased and MDA content was decreased in group SF15 as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The pathological damage to myocardium was significantly less in group SF5 and SF10 than in control group.Conclusion Shenfu injectio added to St Thomas cardioplegic solution at concentration of 5%～10% can protect myocardial mitochondria against I/R injury.

A morphologic and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the thyroid tissue of 13 thyrotoxicosis with thyroiditis(TTOT) and 9 hashimotoxocosis(HSHT). We found that the inflmmatory injure in HSHT was stronger than that in TTOT, and also, there were (?)ore infiltrating cells and activated T cells in HSHT (?) that in TTOT. Nevertheless, in both HSHT and TTOT, most of the infiltrating mononclear cells were T lymphocytes, and the proportion of T cell subsets, B lymphocytes and macrophages were almost the same, suggesting there might. be similar immunopathogencsis in these two diseases.

It is important and imminent that bilingual teaching in anesthesiology is carried out and promoted in Chinese medical universities.This teaching has been implemented in Chongqing Medical University for ten years.The desired results have been achieved.This paper analyzes the importance of proper attitudes towards bilingual teaching,using the efficient methods,paying more attention to developing the students' ability of autonomous and improving the teachers' education quality.

Objective To investigate the effects of different body temperatures on the neuromuscular block induced by different doses of cisatracurium in rabbits. Methods Seventy-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes weighing 2.0-2.2 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=24 each): hypothermia group (L), normothermia group (N) and hyperthermia group (H). The rectal temperature was set at 34.5℃, 38.5℃ and 41.8℃ in group L, N and H respectively. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups (n=6 each) receiving intravenous cisatracurinm 0.33, 0.66, 0.99 and 1.32 mg/kg respectively after rectal temperature was stabilized for 20 min. The animals were anesthetized with iv 20% methane 1 g/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT 12 ml/kg, RR 60 bpm, I:E = 1:2;FiO2 100% ). TOF was monitored. The onset time, the duration of action (from the end of cisatracurium injection to the recovery of T1 to 5%, 25% and 95% of control height) and recovery index (recovery of T1 from 25% to 75% of control height) were recorded. MAP, HR and rectal temperature were recorded at 5 min before alteration of the body temperature, at 2 min before and 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 min after administration of cisatracurium. Results (1) With the same dose of cisatracurium the onset time and duration of action were significantly shorter in group H, longer in group L and recovery from N-M block faster in group H, slower in group L as compared with group N. (2) At the same body temperature the onset time was significantly shortened and the duration of action and recovery were significantly prolonged as the dose of cisatracurium increased. (3) There was significant difference in the effect of interaction between different doses of cisatracurium and different temperatures on the onset time. (4) With the same dose of cisatracurium MAP was significantly decreased in group H, increased in group L, while HR was significantly increased in group H, decreased in group L. Conclusion The neuromuscular blocking effect of cisatracurium is decreased when the body temperature is increased and vice versa. The neuromuscular blocking effect of cisatracurium (0.33-1.32 mg/kg) is dose-dependent at the same body temperature. There is interaction between the two factors.

Health poverty alleviation is an important part of taking targeted measures to help people lift themselves out of poverty, and it is the key link to achieve a Healthy Chinese Strategy.At present, the health problem of the poor in China is becoming increasingly prominent, and as a result, the low health status of the poor has exacerbated the level of poverty, mainly because of catastrophic disease.With this discussion paper, it was revealed that there are many problems in the system of poverty alleviation in China: The protection levels of all kinds of medical insurance are still low;the medical assistance system is still not perfect;the medical service facility of the county medical institutions is poor;the county outside referral rate is high;public health problems in poor areas are more prominent.As suggestions derived from the present discussion, China''s health and poverty alleviation system should adhere to the government led and multi-sectoral coordination of multiple health poverty alleviation.It should also strengthen health care and public health system construction in poverty-stricken areas, and establish a multi-path health security system.

Thyroid hormones (TH) play an imp or tant role in the development and maturity of the mammalian brain. Maternal TH de ficiency, even subclinical hypothyroidism, leads to poor neurodevelopment of the fetus. Screening of pregnant women for hypothyroidism is recommended. Identific ation of the TH-responsive genes in the developing brain and investigation on t heir functions are helpful to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which TH influence brain development.

Tru-cut specimens of thyroid tissue from 37 cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, 23 cases of hyperthyroidism and 13 cases of thyrotoxicosis with thyroiditis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monodonal antibody specific for HIA-DR antigen. Results showed that thyroid epithelial cells aberrant expressed DR antigen and the number of DR~+ thyrocytes was significantly increased in thyroid gland with intense lymphocytes infiltration and severe destruction of throid architecture. The data suggest that TSH, thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid microsomes antibodics can bring some stimulation HLA-DR antigen expression in thyrocytes.

As the burden of anesthesiology teaching is heavy in undergraduate course, teachers can communicate with the students by nonverbal behaviors, such as eye contact, silent language, facial expression, paralanguage, which can make class atmosphere active, develop harmonious teacher-student relationship, and improve the quality of class teaching. Teachers of anesthesiology should take some measures, such as rehearsing lessons, summing up the experience of the lessons in time, accu-mulating the experience of nonverbal behaviors, and doing some exercise for the nonverbal behavior as much as possible, so as to set up an excellent atmosphere for teaching ,and meanwhile improve the quality of anesthesiology teaching.