1.Nosocomial nasal myiasis in an intensive care unit
NAZNI WA ; JEFFERY J ; LEE HL ; LAILATUL AKMAR MN ; CHEW WK ; HEO CC ; SADIYAH I ; KHAIRUL ASUAD M ; HEAH SK ; MOHD HISHAM H
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 2011;33(1):53-56
A 73-year-old Chinese man was admitted to the Accident and Emergency Premorbid Ward of a
local hospital in Malaysia. The patient complained of shortness of breath with cough and was in a
semi-conscious state. He was later admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospital. Six days
after admission 5-6 maggots were recoverd from the nasal cavity. The maggots were identifi ed as the
third-instar larvae of Lucilia cuprina Wiedmann (Diptera: Calliphoridae) based on the morphological
characteristics. This patient was classifi ed as having nosocomial myiasis. The presence of the third
instar larvae indicated that the infestation was not more than three to four days. An adult sarcophagid
identifi ed as Parasarcophaga rufi cornis (Fabricius) caught in the ICU where the patient was warded
provided further evidence of the potential for the nosocomial infestation.
2.Lactobacillus pentosus Modulates Immune Response by Inducing IL-10 Producing Tr1 Cells
Jung Eun KIM ; Amit SHARMA ; Garima SHARMA ; So Young LEE ; Hee Soon SHIN ; Dipayan RUDRA ; Sin Hyeog IM
Immune Network 2019;19(6):39-
Several gut commensals have been shown to modulate host immune response. Recently, many food derived microbes have also been reported to affect the immune system. However, a mechanism to identify immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory microbes is needed. Here, we successfully established an in vitro screening system and identified an immunoregulatory bacterium, Lactobacillus pentosus KF340 (LP340), present in various fermented foods. LP340 induced a regulatory phenotype in mice Ag presenting cells which, in turn, induced IL-10 and IFN-γ producing Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) from naïve CD4⁺ T cells. Naïve CD4⁺ T cells co-cultured with LP340 treated dendritic cells highly expressed cytokine receptor IL-27R and were CD49b and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 double positive. Oral administration of LP340 in mice with atopic dermatitis reduced cellular infiltration in affected ear lobes and serum IgE levels, thus, ameliorating the disease symptoms. This suggests a systemic immunoregulatory effect of LP340. These findings demonstrate that LP340, a bacterium derived from food, prevents systemic inflammation through the induction of IL-10 producing Tr1 cells.
Administration, Oral
;
Animals
;
Dendritic Cells
;
Dermatitis, Atopic
;
Ear
;
Immune System
;
Immunoglobulin E
;
In Vitro Techniques
;
Inflammation
;
Interleukin-10
;
Lactobacillus
;
Mass Screening
;
Mice
;
Phenotype
;
Receptors, Cytokine
;
T-Lymphocytes
;
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
3.Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula in Korea: A National Survery of Its Members by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons
WH PARK ; SI KWON ; SC KIM ; SK KIM ; WK KIM ; IK KIM ; JE KIM ; HH KIM ; KW PARK ; YS PARK ; YT SONG ; JW YANG ; SM OH ; SY YOO ; DS LEE ; MD LEE ; SC LEE ; SK LEE ; TS LEE ; SI CHANG ; SY CHUN ; ES CHUNG ; SY CHUNG ; SE CHUNG ; PM CHUNG ; MH CHO ; JS JOO ; SO CHOI ; SH CHOI ; YS HUH ; C HONG
Journal of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons 1995;1(2):149-161
The first national survey on esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula was conducted to access the current status of its incidence. clinical manifestation, preoperative diagnosis and management, type of its anomaly, associated anomalies, and surgical results and course. The 43 members of the Korea Association of Pediatric Surgeons received questionnaires and registration forms to be filled out on each patient who were born during the three years from January I, 1992 through Decestricurember 31, 1994. Questionnaires composed of six broad areas which include 1) preoperative diagnosis and management, 2) surgical technic, 3) long gap, 4) postoperative management, and 5) complications and courses. A total of 148 cases was returned by 28 members working at 23 institutions and 27 members returped questionnaires. We obtained the following results by analysis of the 148 cases of tracheoesophageal anomalies. The incidence of tracheoesophageal anomaly was about 1/10,000-11,000 in 1994, which is one third of that of anorectal malformations in Korea and the distribution of the patients was almost proportionate to the size of each province. Both sexes are about equally affected. Majority of the members make diagnosis of tracheoesophageal anomaly by taking a simple infantogram with a radiopaque tube in upper pouch and a little under half(46%) prefers to perform echocardiography as a part of preoperative management to identify congenital heart disease and lateralize the aorta. Esophageal atresia with distal TEF(87.50/0) was by far the most common and threre were pure esopahgeal atresia(5.6%), H-type TEF(2.l%), and so on. About half(49%) of the patients had one or more associated anomalies in addition to tracheoesophageal anomalies. Congenital heart disease was associated in 46 cases(31 %), anorectral malfomations in 19 cases(13%), musculoskeletal anomalies in 15 cases(10%), genitourinary anomalies in 10 cases(7%) and gastrointestinal anomalies in 7 cases(5%). Postoperatively, parenteral nutrition and assisted ventilation were given in 66% and 52% of patients respectively. Ninety three(74%) of 126 cases who underwent surgical procedure, experienced one or more complications such as respiratory complication (65%), leak(22%), stricture(21%) and so on. The survival rates related to the Waterston risk categories were 90.2% in grpup A, 71.4-75% in B₁, B₂, and C groups, and 28% in group C₂ and the overall survival rate was 71.4%. Thirty six(28.6%) of 126 cases died of pneumonia/sepsis(12 cases), respiratory failure(l2 cases), and congenital heart disease(4 cases). With short term follow-up, 69% of patients have been excellent whereas remainders of the cases have suffered from some sort of morbidity related to gastroesophageal reflux, recurrent respiratory infection, and esophageal stricure.
Aorta
;
Diagnosis
;
Echocardiography
;
Esophageal Atresia
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Gastroesophageal Reflux
;
Heart
;
Heart Defects, Congenital
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Korea
;
Parenteral Nutrition
;
Surgeons
;
Survival Rate
;
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
;
Ventilation
4.Branchial Anomalies in Korea: A Survey by the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons
WH PARK ; SI KWON ; SY KIM ; SC KIM ; SK KIM ; WK KIM ; IK KIM ; JE KIM ; HH KIM ; KW PARK ; YS PARK ; JS PARK ; YT SONG ; WS AHN ; NK OH ; SM OH ; SY YOO ; NH LEE ; OS LEE ; MD LEE ; SC LEE ; SK LEE ; SI CHANG ; YS CHUN ; ES CHUNG ; SY CHUNG ; SE CHUNG ; PM CHUNG ; MH CHO ; KJ CHOI ; SO CHOI ; SH CHOI ; SJ HAN ; YS HUH ; C HONG ; EH WHANG
Journal of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons 1996;2(2):119-128
The survey on branchial anomalies was conducted by Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. A total of 173 cases were reported, which were managed by 36 members and cooperators during the three years from January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1995. The following results were obtained by retrospective analysis of the 173 cases of branchial anomalies. The presenting symptoms were cervical mass in 101 cases, pit with or without discharge in 71, cervical abscess in 47 and respiratory difficulty in 3. The average age of the patients with cervical abscess was 52 months. Seventy(79%) of 89 patients with branchial anomalies and a cystic mass had their first clinical manifestations by 1 year of age, while 40(51%) of 78 patients with only a branchial cyst had their first clinical manifestation in first year of life. Radiologic studies were carried out in 77 patients(43%). The preferred diagnostic modalities were ultrasonography(47 patients), simple neck radiogram(l9) and CT scan(17). Preoperative diagnosis was correctly made in 156(91%) of 173 patients. Seventeen patients were incorrectly diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst in 5 patients, cystic hygroma in 4, dermoid cyst in 3, and lymphadenopathy in 3. There were no remarkable difference in sex and laterality of presentation but bilateral lesions were found in 9(5%) patients and unusual locations of the anomalies were the manubrium, left subclavicular area, median cervial area, preauricular and parotid area. There were 78(45%) patients with cyst, 52(30%) patients with sinus, 35(20%) patients with fistula and 8(5%) patient with skin tag. Embryological classification was possible in only 64(37%) patients. The 2nd branchial anomaly was present in 50 (78%), the 1st branchial anomaly in 10(18%), and the 3rd or 4th branchial anomaly in 4(6%). Histopathological study of the lining epithelium(N=134) is recorded that 45% were lined with squamous epithelium, 17% with respiratory epithelium, 6% with. squamous and respiratory epithelium, 14% with inflammatory change. Lymphoid tissue was common(62%) in the wall of the lesions. Twelve(7%) of 158 patients had postoperative complications including wound complication, recurrence and facial nerve palsy.
Abscess
;
Branchioma
;
Child
;
Classification
;
Dermoid Cyst
;
Diagnosis
;
Epithelium
;
Facial Nerve
;
Fistula
;
Humans
;
Korea
;
Lymphangioma, Cystic
;
Lymphatic Diseases
;
Lymphoid Tissue
;
Manubrium
;
Neck
;
Paralysis
;
Postoperative Complications
;
Recurrence
;
Respiratory Mucosa
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Skin
;
Surgeons
;
Thyroglossal Cyst
;
Wounds and Injuries
5.Comparison of antigenic mutation during egg and cell passage cultivation of H3N2 influenza virus
Yong Wook PARK ; Yun Hee KIM ; Hwan Ui JUNG ; Oh Seok JEONG ; Eun Ji HONG ; Hun KIM ; Jae Il LEE
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research 2020;9(1):56-63
Amino Acid Sequence
;
Animals
;
Cell Culture Techniques
;
Cell Line
;
Chickens
;
Eggs
;
Erythrocytes
;
Guinea Pigs
;
Hand
;
Hemagglutination
;
Hemagglutinins
;
Humans
;
Influenza Vaccines
;
Influenza, Human
;
Neuraminidase
;
Orthomyxoviridae
;
Ovum
;
Sequence Analysis
;
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
6.Current Status(1994) of Neonatal Surgery in Korea: Survey among the members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons
WK KIM ; SY KIM ; SK KIM ; IK KIM ; JC KIM ; KW PARK ; YS PARK ; WH PARK ; JS PARK ; YT SONG ; SM OH ; OS LEE ; MD LEE ; SC LEE ; SI CHANG ; ES CHUNG ; PM JUNG ; JS JOE ; SO CHOI ; YS HUH ; EH HWANG
Journal of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons 1996;2(1):26-32
To understand the current status of neonatal surgery in Korea, a suvey was made among the 27 members of Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. Response rate among surgeons was 78 perecnt, eighteen hospitals participated in this study. Five hundred and three cases of neonatal surgical patients were analyzed. In Korea, about 50% of cases were treated at the hospital in the capital city area. Regional number of patients were closely related to the regional population. Imperforate anus(19%), atresia/stenosis of gut(12%), and Hirschsprung's diseases(12%) were sitting at the top in the list. Majority of operation was done within the first week of life, especially during the first 24 hour period. Eighty per cent was major or so called index cases. Mortality in so-called index cases was 17%. High mortality was observed in patients with diaphragmatic hernia(47%), gastrointestinal perforation(65%) and esophageal atresia(28%). Low birth weight babies showed higher mortality in gastro -intestinal perforation, esophageal atresia and abdominal wall defect. These were compared to 1993 survey of Japanese Society of Pediatric Surgeons.
Abdominal Wall
;
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
;
Esophageal Perforation
;
Humans
;
Infant, Low Birth Weight
;
Infant, Newborn
;
Korea
;
Mortality
;
Surgeons
7.The Cutcome of Living-related Renal Transplantation with Previously Positive but Currently Negative HLA Crossmatching.
Jang Han LEE ; Jong Ha PARK ; Jeong Min CHOI ; Jea Pil YOON ; Seoung Ki AHN ; Soo hi KIM ; Hung Beum OH ; Jea Yon JANG ; Su Kil PARK
Korean Journal of Nephrology 2005;24(3):448-454
PURPOSE: Previously positive but currently negative HLA crossmatching is considered to be a risk factor not in the first renal transplantation but in the second renal transplantation. The aim of this study is to analyse the outcome of living-related renal transplantation with previously positive but currently negative HLA crossmatching. METHODS: The results of first HLA crossmatching, demographic characteristics, the outcome of renal trasplantation were examined in four patients undergoing renal transplantation with previously positive but currently negative HLA crossmatching. RESULTS: The acute rejection was occurred in 3 patients. Azotemia was improved with the immunosuppressive therapy containing tacrolimus. There were no graft failures in four patients for 1 year. In the first HLA crossmatching, anti-human globulin T cell HLA crossmatching was positive in all patients with acute rejection. The period that positive HLA crossmatchings were converted to negative was longer in patients with acute rejections than without acute rejections (177 days vs 22 days). CONCLUSION: There were 3 acute rejections in 6 patients undergoing living related renal transplantations with previously positive and current negative HLA crossmatching. There were no graft failure for 1 year.
Azotemia
;
Humans
;
Kidney Transplantation*
;
Risk Factors
;
Tacrolimus
;
Transplants
8.Women in Orthopaedics: A Perspective from Malaysian Female Orthopaedic Surgeons
Liew SK ; Lee JA ; Tamam F ; Ismail II ; Mohamed-Saaid F ; Chye PC
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2023;17(No.1):70-78
Introduction: The awareness of under-representation of
female surgeons in orthopaedics has been increasing in this
decade. We aim to investigate the reasons why female
surgeons chose orthopaedic, the barriers that possibly hinder
female surgeons into orthopaedics and analyse the obstacles
that they encountered in their career in Malaysian context.
Materials and methods: A total of 101 registered female
orthopaedic surgeons registered with the Malaysian Medical
Council, during the period 1980 to 2020, were contacted for
a cross-sectional survey, consisting of thirty-four questions
on their experience in the orthopaedic career. Eighty-two
responses were received (81.2%). Questions in this survey
consisted of four sections: (1) demographic details, (2)
current clinical practice environment, (3) orthopaedics
training experience, and (4) career experience.
Results: A total of 49% of respondents had subspeciality
training, highest in paediatric orthopaedic (30%). Enjoyment
of manual tasks (64.6%) and professional satisfaction
(64.6%) were the top reasons for choosing orthopaedic as a
career. Primary barriers to orthopaedic were physical
strength required (56.0%) and public gender bias (52.4%).
Twenty-eight percent reported gender discrimination in
career opportunities while 60% reported similar in daily
work. Thirty-three percent reported verbal and 11% physical
sexual harassment in their career. Forty-four percent of
respondents reported benefits as female orthopaedic surgeon
in their work.
Conclusion: The reasons for Malaysian female orthopaedic
surgeons to choose orthopaedic as their career and the
barriers perceived to hinder other females from choosing
orthopaedics were similar to reports worldwide with no
exception to gender discrimination and sexual harassment.
The support given by male colleagues to married female
surgeons marked a unique phenomenon in Malaysian
culture.