Objective:To explore th five year survivals and some prognostic factors for bres at cancer patients in the north areas of China,and the indentification or differ e nces on these variables among breast cancer patients between in China and in Can ada.Methods:All Data were collected from the hospital records of 1 002 breast cancer patients who were initially treated at the First Hospital of Jilin Uni versity (116 cases FTH,Changchun China) and the Sain t-Sacrement Hospital (886 cases in SSH,Quebec Canada) respectively by use of Historical Cohort survey,and the survival propotions were calculated and comp ared stradly by use of Kaplan-Meier method.Results:Age at diagnosis was substantially lower (average of age about 10 years less) among breast cancer patients seen at FTH compared to those treated at SSH (P<0.0001).Patients in the two hospitals differed in respect to tumor size at pathology (P=0.036).The proportion of women with lymph node involvement was greater at FTH (61.1%) than that at HSS(37.3%)(P<0.0001).Surgical treat ment of breats cancer was varied considerably:the radical mastectomy was frequen tly performed for andy stage of breast cancer patients in Changchun,but the part ial mastectomy was mainly used for patients with stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ in Quebec.The fi ve year survival was 74.2% among breast cacer patients seen at FTH compared to 7 6.3% among women treated at HSS,and there was no singnificant differrence (P =0.302). Conclusion:Five year survival of breast cancer patients treated surgically in C hangchun,China,was similar to that of patients treated surgically in Quebec,Can ada except for differences in age at diagnosis,tumor size and lymph node involve ment

Objective To explore the immunogenicity of recombinant chimeric 6Aβ15-T including the Aβ1-15 epitope and a T-helper epitope formulated with different adjuvants and to evaluate its feasibility as a candidate vaccine for Alzheimer disease (AD).Methods The recombinant chimeric antigen 6Aβ15-T formulated with Al adjuvant, Freund′s adjuvant or MF59 adjuvant was administered to two strains of mice .The 6Aβ15-T-immunized group without adjuvants ( Mock) and non-immunized group (Control) were included in this study as control groups .The specific antibody and cellular immune response of the chimeric antigen were evaluated .Results In BALB/c strain mice, three types of adjuvants could substan-tially boost the immunogenicity of chimeric antigen 6Aβ15-T and produce a high level of specific-Aβ(β-amyloid) antibod-ies.In C57BL/6 strain mice, the existence of adjuvants enhanced the immune response of 6Aβ15-T antigen, but the mice in Mock group also produced a strong antibody response .In two strains of mice, prevalence of anti-AβIgG1, which was an indicator of Th2 polarization, was observed in the 6Aβ15-T-immunized mice.Additionally, the Al adjuvant induced a high-er level of IgG1 antibody titers, and the ratio of IgG1/IgG2a was the largest.As expected, the 6Aβ15-T antigen formulated with or without adjuvants induced PADRE-specific, but not Aβ42-specific T cellular immune response .Conclusion The 6Aβ15-T antigens formulated with different types of adjuvants could induce strong Th 2-polarized Aβ42-specific antibody re-sponses without activating self-reactive Aβ42-specific T cells in two strains of mice .The results suggested that the recombi-nant chimeric antigen 6Aβ15-T is a good candidate vaccine for AD .

Objective To report three cases of localized primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) and to summarize their clinical characteristics and the ways to differentiate them through a literature review.Method The clinical data of three patients with localized PSC mimicking a hilar cholangiocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.The characteristics of laboratory tests and imaging examination were reviewed,and therapy and prognosis were discussed.Results The three patients were all diagnosed to have a hilar cholangiocarcinoma preoperatively,but the diagnosis of PSC was confirmed by histopathology post-operatively.All the three patients had elevated CA19-9,2 patients had elevated anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and 2 patients had elevated IgG.All the three patients underwent surgical resection and histopathological study showed chronic inflammation of the hilar bile ducts and cholangitis of the intrahepatic portal area.The three patients were followed up from 7 months to 8 years with no symptoms.Conclusions Localized PSC is rare and it can casily be misdiagnosed as a hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Biopsy before surgery is helpful for the differential diagnosis but it is difficult to get a good biopsy sample.Surgical resection is an effective treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogeneous adiponectin on hippocampal advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in aged mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).Methods Thirty-two healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 18 months, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), POCD group, exogeneous adiponectin group (group APN), and vehicle group (group Veh).Splenectomy was performed to establish the POCD model in aged mice anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium.In group APN, adiponectin 0.1 μg/g (in 2 μl of phosphate buffer solution) was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle at 30 min before establishing the model.Phosphate buffer solution 2 μl was given at 30 min before establishing the model in group Veh.Cognitive function was assessed on day 7 after surgery.The mice were then sacrificed, and the hippocampus was harvested for determination of the area of AGE deposition (by immunohistochemistry), levels of ROS (by flow cytometry), and levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12 and ROS (using Western blot).Results Compared with group S, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were increased, and the level of GRP78 was decreased in POCD, APN and Veh groups.Compared with POCD and Veh groups, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged, the area of AGE deposition and levels of ROS, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased, and the level of GRP78 was increased in group APN.Conclusion Exogeneous adiponectin decreases the occurrence of POCD probably by blocking hippocampal AGEs-ROS-ERS pathway in aged mice.

We constructed prokaryotic recombinant expression vector of P61 gene from Nocardia brasiliensis,expressing P61 protein with biological activity in E.coli,and lay a foundation for further studies related to P61.P61 gene was synthesized and cloned into an expression vector pET-30a(+).The recombinant vector was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 and induced with IPTG.The production was analyzed with Western blot and the catalase activity of P61 was tested with Catalase Assay Kit.The protein of P61was successfully expressed in E.coli with solubility and high catalase activity,and could be identified by anti-N.brasiliensis sera from mice.The prokaryotic expression plasmid of protein P61 was constructed successfully and can be expressed efficiently in E.coli BL21 cells with higher catalase.

Objective To investigate the effects of acetylated HMGB1 on cognitive function in rats with sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) and the effect of HMGB1 inhibitor.Methods Forty-eight males mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n=16): sham group (group S),cecal ligation puncture group (group C),cecal ligation puncture+sodium butyrate group (group B).Cecal ligation puncture was applied to establish the SAE model,and group S received sham operation.Rats in groups S and C were injected with normal saline 5 ml/kg 30 min and 4 h after CLP,respectively.The rats in group B were intraperitoneally injected with sodium butyrate 500 mg/kg 0.5 h and 4 h after CLP,respectively.All animals were performed Morris water maze test on 4th day after operation,and the exploring time of space exploration experiments were assessed on 7th day after CLP surgery.IL-6,BDNF,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 expression in hippocampus of all rats were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with group S,the latency of rats in group C was longer and the exploring time was shorter (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the latency of rats in group B was shorter and the exploring time was longer (P<0.05).Compared with group S,the expression of IL-6,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 in group C increased (P<0.05) and the level of BDNF decreased (P<0.05).Compared with group C,the expression of IL-6,HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 in group B decreased (P<0.05) and the level of BDNF increased (P<0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 inhibitor sodium butyrate can inhibit the expression of acetylated HMGB1 in the hippocampus of SAE rats,and reduce the cognitive impairment induced by sepsis.

Objective To investigate the role of hippocampal cyclophilin D (CypD) in sepsis-associated encephalopathy in rats.Methods A total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 300-400 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (Sham group),sepsis group (S group),and sepsis + CypD inhibitor cyclosporin A group (CsA group).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).Cyclosporin A 6 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before CLP in group CsA.All the animals underwent Morris water maze test on 4th day after CLP.The animals were sacrificed after the test,and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of the expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c),CypD,caspase-3,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA),and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB).Results Compared with group Sham,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the space exploration time was shortened,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was up-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was down-regulated in S and CsA groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the space exploration time was prolonged,the expression of Cyt c,CypD,caspase-3,p-PKA and p-CREB was down-regulated,and the expression of BDNF was up-regulated in group CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hippocampal CypD may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy,and the downstream mechanism is probably related to promotion of activation of PKA/CREB signaling pathway in rats.

Objective To observe the effect of fast acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) on the recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal non-gastrointestinal surgery. Methods In this randomised placebo-controlled single-blind clinical trial, patients received abdominal non-gastrointestinal surgery were assigned to a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group received fast acupuncture and the control group received superficial conciliative acupuncture. The acupuncture was taken at both sides of Zusanli (ST36) for 1 minute respectively during 7-8 a.m. and 7-8 p.m..We began from the first postoperative day and stopped when the patients got initial postoperative flatus or stool, or at the end of the fifth postoperative day. Results 37 controlled patients were assigned to the treatment group (18 patients) and the control group (19 patients) randomly. There were no differences on general information between the two groups. The treatment group had stronger feeling than the control group on the comparison of the acupuncture sensation level (5.7 ± 3.0 vs. 2.7 ± 2.2;t=-3.471, P=0.001). For the treatment group, the initial postoperative flatus or stool time is 19 hours earlier than the control group (65.9 ± 18.1 h vs. 85.0 ± 24.5 h; t=2.682, P=0.011). And the treatment group patients’ postoperative abdominal distension is lesser than the control group (P=0.006). Conclusion Fast acupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function after abdominal non-gastrointestinal surgery, and can also lighten the patients’ postoperative abdominal distension.

Objective:To examine the expression ofphospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in renal tissues and the level of anti-PLA2R antibody in serum in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN),and to evaluate their diagnostic value in IMN.Methods:A total of 73 patients,who were diagnosed between May,2014 and February,2015 in the Department of Nephrology of the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,were divided into three groups:an IMN group (n=48),an SMN group (n=17) and a minimal change disease group (n=8) according to the renal biopsy.PLA2R expression in renal tissues and the level of antiPLA2R antibody in serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique.Results:The positive rate and fluorescence intensity for PLA2R in the renal tissues in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (91.7％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05),while the positive rate and serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody in the IMN group were higher than those in the SMN group (85.4％ in the IMN group vs 29.4％ in the SMN group,P＜0.05);the expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level for anti-PLA2R antibody were not detected in the minimal change disease group,The serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody was positively correlated with 24 h urine protein (r=0.432,P＜0.01) and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.307,P＜0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PLA2R in renal tissues and the serum level of anti-PLA2R antibody might be potential markers for diagnosis oflMN.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of massive blood loss in resection of giant liver hemangioma.Method The clinical data of 141 patients who underwent giant liver hemangioma resection were retrospectively studied.These data included general physical condition,laboratory tests,radiologic findings,and various surgical parameters.The patients were divided into the massive blood loss group (＞ 1 000 ml,n =27) and the minor blood loss group (≤1 000 ml,n =114).Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors of intraoperative massive blood loss.Results The average diameter of the liver hemangioma was significantly greater in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group [(21.7 ± 8.5) cm vs.(14.1 ± 5.3) cm,P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of preoperative leukopenia,anemia,thrombocytopenia and prolonged prothrombin time were higher in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group (48.1％ vs.16.7％,37.0％ vs.11.4％,25.9％ vs.3.5％,22.2％ vs.3.5％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Hepatic hemangioma with compressed hepatic veins,inferior vena cava and porta hepatis were more frequently found in the massive blood loss group than in the minor blood group (55.6％ vs.14.9％,44.4％ vs.14.0％,55.6％ vs.12.3％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a diameter of hemangioma greater than 15 cm was a risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss during surgical resection.Conclusions Giant hepatic hemangioma may cause disorders in the hematological and coagulation systems.Compression of major hepatic vessels raised technical difficulty and risks in surgery.Hemangioma with a diameter greater than 15 cm was recognized as a high-risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss.