The hemodynamic effects of rapid intravenous (IV) administration of 10% dextran 40 in saline solution (D40) and 7.2% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in calves were compared. Calves received isotonic saline solution (ISS), HSS or D40 (3 calves/group) and were monitored of blood pressure, and cardiac output (CO) for 180 min. HSS and D40 infusions induced a significant increase in relative plasma volume reaching 134.9 +/- 2.8 and 125.0 +/- 1.9%, respectively at the end of fluid infusion. In the HSS group, CO, cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) remained constant at low levels after 90 minutes despite the maximal values of CO, CI and SV at the end of infusion, reaching 21.0 +/- 6.3 l/min (p<0.05), 177.8 +/- 14.2 ml/min/kg (p < 0.001) and 0.20 +/- 0.03 l/beat (at t = 10 min, p < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, CI and SV in the D40 group showed significant increases to 14.7 +/- 2.9 l/min and 153.5 +/- 17.2 ml/min/kg, respectively, at the end of fluid infusion. And those values remained constant at higher levels than those of the before infusions values throughout the experimental periods. Positive effects for hemodynamic alternations of D40 in calf practice were milder and longer than those of HSS. Therefore, the D40 infusion should be explored as a possible treatment for dehydrated calves, since rapid infusion of D40 may be safe and more beneficial for rehydrating more than HSS treatment.
Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cardiac Output/drug effects ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/blood/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Chlorides/blood ; Dextrans/*administration&dosage ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hypovolemia/blood/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy/*veterinary ; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary ; Plasma Substitutes/*administration&dosage ; Plasma Volume/veterinary ; Potassium/blood ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic/*administration&dosage ; Sodium/blood

An endemic dermatitis of unknown etiology has occurred among farmers working in paddy fields in the eastern area of Saitama Pref. In view of the results of the epidemiological and clinical observations, it was anticipated that the dermatitis might be caused by a bird schistosome (Ozu et al., 1972).
Thus, the research for snail intermediate hosts was carried out in the paddy fields as well as in the laboratory. Snails from the fields were placed in containers in which they could be checked for the shedding of cercariae. As a result, a species of furcocercous cercaria was obtained from Austropeplea (Lymnaea) ollula. The cercaria was identified as species belonging to the genus Trichobilharzia on the basis of the flame cell pattern, the behaviour, the responses to light and the detailed morphology of living and preserved specimens.
In order to determine the dermatitis-producing properties of the cercaria, an experimental infection with the cercaria into the human skin was performed.The cercaria invaded into the human skin and produced a dermatitis quite similar to that prevailing in the endemic area.
On the basis of the results from this study, the paddy field dermatitis occurring in the eastern area of Saitama Pref.was proved to be caused by the invasion of the cercaria belonging to the genus Trichobilharzia into the human skin.It was also proved that A.ollula served as the snail host of the cercaria.

A dermatitis of unknown etiology has occurred among farmers working in Chichibu City, in north-west of Saitama Prefecture from 1970 to 1972.
The dermatitis exhibited clinical, manifestations quite similar to a already known bird schistosome.dermatitis being characterized by erythemato-papulo-vesicular eruptions accompanied with severe itching on the parts exposed to the water, especially legs and arms.
Survey on the snail intermediate hosts were undertaken in the paddy fields and a species of furcocercous cercaria was found from Polypylis hemisphaerula.The incidence of the snails infected with the cercariae was 3.2%.The cercaria resembled to that of Gigantobilharzia struniae in size and shape.
The cercaria invaded into the human skin within 30 minutes after being put on a part of the surface of skin and caused a pinpoint-sized red maculae and tingling itching.
From these results, the paddy field dermatitis occurring in Chichibu City was proved to be caused by the invasion of the cercaria into the human skin, which differed from that served as causative organism of the dermatitis occurring in the eastern area of Saitama Prefecture.

A dermatitis of unknown etiology has occurred among farmers working in paddy fields in the eastern area of Saitama Prefecture (Ozu et al., 1972). And it was proved to be caused by the invasion of a bird schistosome cercaria shed from Austropeplea ollula (Suzuki et al., 1973).
In an attempt to dertermine the final host of this schistosome, a survey on the wild birds was undertaken in the endemic area. But, no natural infection was found in 8 Corvus corone, 7 Sturnus cineraceous, 5 Egretta garzetta, 4 Nycticorax nycticorax, 8Anas platyrhynchos, 7 A. crecca and 170 A. poecilorhyncha.
Experimental infections with the cercariae were performed using domestic ducklings and canaries, and a bird schistosome egg could be found in feces of the domestic ducklings 20 days after the infection. The egg was crescent-shaped and the miracidium was clearly seen within.
Based on the results of the experimental infections, the most probable final host of this schistosome in Saitama Prefecture was supposed to be the anatid birds.

A study was conducted to investigate the influence on the shoulder joint of throwing during water polo. One hundred sixty-seven water polo players were interviewed about injuries caused by water polo, and 70 players claimed to have had shoulder pain.
In 21 players, clinical examinations were performed, and in 31 players, assessment of external rotation stability was made. Then three-dimensional analysis of hand-to-hand shoot motion was performed in 7 players.
The results were as follows;
1. The painful phases of the throwing motion were the take-back phase and the acceleration phase, the pain being present at the anterior and lateral portions of the shoulder joint,
2. Assessment of stability revealed that the external rotation displacement on the affected side was significantly larger than that on the control side in the injured players.
3. Analysis of hand-to-hand shoot motion revealed that the external rotation angle in the acceleration phase was significantly larger in non-injured subjects than in the injured.
4. The external rotation angle after ball contact was increased in the injured, but decreased in the non-injured.
5. To prevent injury, it appears important to catch and throw the ball using the upper extremity and rotation of the trunk in a high body position in the water, and to strengthen the muscles of the shoulder.

　　It is said that diabetes is one of the factors contributing to the onset of dementia and accelerating its progression. The number of dementia cases is expected to increase steadily year by year. Such being the circumstances, we encountered an elderly woman with diabetes and dementia, who managed to lower her blood glucose values to a proper level somehow or other, thus lightening the burden of caregivers. We shall hereby report the case because we thought it would make a good example for care in the region where the population is rapidly graying. The woman, then at age 80, visited our hospital complaining of languidness. Her blood sugar level was so high (random blood glucose level: 1,096 mg/dl) that she was hospitalized at once. By a stepwise insulin reinforcement therapy, the blood glucose levels were under control. During the stay in hospital, she was also diagnosed as having senile dementia. She was provided with effective health care and education for the control of blood sugar levels. Having snacks between meals was strictly prohibited. Considering that she was an elderly person living alone, only internal medicines were given. As a result, her blood glucose levels were elevated to about 300 mg/dl, but the combined use of GLP-1 injection and internal medicine once a week had good control over blood glucose levels. So, the patient was discharged from the hospital.

　　A 63-year-old woman was admitted with complaints of thirst and polyuria about 1 year after ceasing therapy in November, X and in October, X+1. Her blood glucose levels at the beginning of her admissions were 347 at the first admission and 486 at the second admission. We administered glargine, a long-acting type insulin, 8U/day, and　a short-acting insulin, glulisine, 4U/day, during the first admission. We administered glargine, a long-acting type insulin, 4U/day, and a short-acting insulin, glulisine, 3U/day, during the second admission. We also administered a GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, 0.3mg/day. Blood glucose levels (mg/dl) during the 5 days of the first admission were as follows: first, -, -, 347, and 180; second, 273, 266, 109, and 188; third, 75, 192, 186, and 182; fourth, 93, 194, 91, and 144; fifth, 78, 95, 124, and 127. In the second admission, blood glucose levels were as follows: first, -, -, 486, and 299; second: 140, 137, 195, and 128; third: 101, 122, 114, and 108; fourth: 101, 123, 123, and 137; and fifth, 89, 136, 111, and 129. CGM data showed an average of 128mg/dl and standard deviation of 34 during the first admission. CGM data showed an average of 125mg/dl and standard deviation of 20 during the second admission. The reduction of insulin and rapid flattening of blood sugar were achieved by GLP-1 receptor agonist with promotion of insulin secretion and suppression of glucagon secretion.