Objective To compare the efficacy of supraclavicular approach and infraclavicular approach in ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block(BPB).Methods One hundred and twenty patients,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ,aged 18-80 yr,scheduled for upper extremity surgeries of both gender,were randomized into two groups(n =60):supraclavicular group(group SCB)and infraclavicular group(group ICB).The anesthetic mixture consisted of ropivacaine 0.375％ and lidocaine 1％ in equal volumes with epinephrine 1∶200 000,the total dose was 0.5 ml/kg.The block performance time,duration of anesthesia and success of anesthesia(surgery was accomplished without supplementary block)were recorded.A blinded observer assessed pinprick sensory block in the seven distal nerve territories(axillary,radial,musculocutaneous,median,ulnar,medial antebrachial and medial brachial cutaneous nerves)every 5 min up to 30 min after injection.Success of nerve block,side effects and complications were recorded during and after operalion.Results Group ICB was superior in success rate of anesthesia and nerve block of ulnar,medial antebrachial and medial brachial cutaneous nerves,the rate of parasthesia was lower and the block performance time was longer compared with group SCB(P ＜ 0.05).No major complications occurred in both groups.Conclusion Under ultrasound guidance,infraclavicular BPB is superior to supraclavicular approach.

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of the interve ntion of burning mouth syndrome(BMS) reported by Chinese articles and to assess the quality of the studies by evidence-based medicine. Methods: relevant literatures were searched and identified in Chinese Medical Bio logical Database (CMB) and Chinese Technological Periodical Database (VIP) . Stu dies were selected with following criteria: study design- randomized controlle d trials; participants-patients with BMS. An evidence-based analysis was perfo rmed to the literatures. Results: There were totally 47 articles examined and only 11 of them met the criteria . Meta analysis was not possible due to the low quantity and poor quality, However, as far as the p ublished articles concerned, Lusunjing capsule showed good short-term effect in the treatment and nerve block with vitamin B 1 and B 12 was more effec tive than oral admenistering of vitamin. Conclusion: Th e quantity and quality of the reviewed studies are far from satisfaction and ca n not meet the clinical needs. Further trials of high methodological quality ne ed to be undertaken in order to develop effective treatment of BMS.

Thirteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Crepis crocea by column chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis as tectorone I (1), 8β- (2-methyl- 2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoyloxy) -glucozaluzanin C (2), tectoroside (3), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (4), cosmosiin (5), esculetin (6), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (7), trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Caffeic acid (9), methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate (10), ethylp- hydroxyphenyllactate (11), cis-3,4-dihydroxy-β-ionion (12). All the compounds, except for compounds 4 and 9, were isolated from this plant for the first time, and tectorone I (1) is a new natural product.
Crepis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mid-term outcome of operation for thoracolumbar tuberculosis. METHODS : Twenty-eight patiens with thoracolumbar tuberculosis underwent one stage anterior debridement,interbody fusion with bone graft and posterior pedicle screw internal fixation treatment from July 2006 to July 2011. There were 17 males and 11 females. Total 17 patients had nerve injuries ,including 6 cases of grade B, 5 cases of grade C, 6 cases of grade D according to Frankel classification. The poisoning symptoms of tuberculosis and recovery of spinal function were observed. The bone fusion and recovery of [umbar function were evaluated.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up ,and the duration ranged from 39 to 85 months (mean 57 months). The clinical symptoms were controlled gradually, and the thoracolumbar back pain was alleviated after operation. Among the 17 patients with complications of nerve injuries, 3 patients were improved from preoperative grade B to postoperative grade D, 3 patients were improved from preoperative grade B to postopertive E, 5 patients with preoperative grade C and 6 patients with preoperative D were almostly recovered to normal after operation. According to JOA scoring system for curative effect evaluation, the excellent and good rate at the 3rd month, the 1st year, the 3rd year and the 5th year after operation were 67.86% ,82.14% ,85.71% ,89.29% and 91.30% respectively. The results at the 6th month and the 1st year had no statistical differences compared to the results at the 3rd month (P > 0.05); but the results at the 3rd year and the 5th year were better than that at 3 months after operation (P < 0.05); and the results between 3 yesrs and 5 years after operation had no statistical differences (P < O.05). The degeneration of adjacent segments were evaluated according to the California University (Universith of California at Los Angeles , UCLA) score. The degeneration rate was 53.57% (15/28) at the 3rd year after surgery, which was better than that before surgery. Twenty-three patients were followed up for 5 years ,and the degeneration rate was 86.96% (20/23) ,which was better than those of before surgery and 3 years after surgery.

CONCLUSIONThe surgical treatment for thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis can achieve the thorough debridement, reconstruction of spinal stability, recovery of lumbar function and promote the functional recovery of the spinal cord, which is an effective method of treatment. However, the mid term follow-up showed that more severe degenerative changes were found in the postoperative adjacent segment.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Spinal ; physiopathology ; surgery

OMective In order to evaluate the long-term ocular safety of hydroxychloorqine,we prospectively study the ocular symptoms,routine ophthalmological screening tests and electrophysiological tests in patients taking hydroxychloroquine.Methotis 170 cases of autoimmune diseases patients who had taken hydroxychlon,qine during August,2005 to June,2007 were enrolled into the study.Visual acuity,intraocular pressure,and fundoscopy examination,visual field testing,electroretinogram (ERG) and electrooculogram (EOG) were examined every six months.Results The average duration of taking hydroxyehloroquine was 16.1 month,ranging from 0.5 to 48 months.The total dose ranged from 6 g to 584 g.All patients'visual acuity and intraocular pressure were normal.Fifty-two cases had performed ERG and EOG.The ERG tests were normal in 52 patients.The EOG test of 2 patients showed that the Arden ratio was lower than normal,in which one had severe myopia.Other tests done for these two persons were normal.Conclusion This observational study has shown that hydroxychloroquine has good ocular safety.Further studies with much longer follow-up period will be useful in evaluating the retinal toxicity of hydroxychloroquine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of four traditional Chinese medicines distributed along lung meridian, namely Ephedrae Hebra, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Mori Cortex, on TLR2 and NF-κB expressions in mice with lung heat syndrome, in order to study the intervention effect of the four traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) on the lung heat syndrome.

METHODOne hundred KM mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Ephedrae Hebra group, the Zingiberis Rhizoma group, the Scutellariae Radix group and the Mori Cortex group (20, 10 g x kg(-1)), nasally dripped with streptococcus pneumoniae to establish the mouse lung heat syndrome model, and then administered with different TCMs. The expressions of TLR2, NF-κB p65 proteins in lung tissues were analyzed by the immunohistochemical method. The expressions of TLR2, NF-κB p65 mRNA were measured by real time PCR.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the expressions of TLR2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in lung tissues in the model group were higher (P < 0.01), and the expressions of TLR2 and NF-κB p65 mRNA in lung tissues were up-regulated (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, Ephedrae Hebra high and low dose groups, the Zingiberis Rhizoma low dose group and the Scutellariae Radix high dose group showed decreased expression of TLR2 protein (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); Ephedrae Hebra high and low dose groups, the Zingiberis Rhizoma low dose group, Scutellariae Radix high and low dose groups and Mori Cortex high and low dose groups showed reduced expression of NF-κB p65 protein (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Ephedrae Hebra high and low dose groups, Zingiberis Rhizoma high and low dose groups, Scutellariae Radix high dose group and Mori Cortex high dose group showed down-regulated expression of TLR2 mRNA (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEphedrae Hebra, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Mori Cortex can induce the TLR2/NF-κB inflammatory signal pathways by down-regulating the expressions of TLR2 and NF-κB p65 in protein and mRNA, so as to alleviate the lung tissue injury in mice with lung heat syndrome.

Animals ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; classification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Meridians ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; chemistry ; Species Specificity ; Syndrome ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

Since the initial observations of oral bacteria within dental plaque by van Leeuwenhoek using his primitive microscopes in 1680, an event that is generally recognized as the advent of oral microbiological investigation, oral microbiology has gone through phases of "reductionism" and "holism". From the small beginnings of the Miller and Black period, in which microbiologists followed Koch's postulates, took the reductionist approach to try to study the complex oral microbial community by analyzing individual species; to the modern era when oral researchers embrace "holism" or "system thinking", adopt new concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, poly-microbial diseases, oral microbiological knowledge has burgeoned and our ability to identify the resident organisms in dental plaque and decipher the interactions between key components has rapidly increased, such knowledge has greatly changed our view of the oral microbial flora, provided invaluable insight into the etiology of dental and periodontal diseases, opened the door to new approaches and techniques for developing new therapeutic and preventive tools for combating oral polymicrobial diseases.
Bacteria ; classification ; Bacterial Infections ; prevention & control ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biofilms ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Humans ; Mouth ; microbiology ; Periodontal Diseases ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Tooth Diseases ; microbiology ; prevention & control

Objective:Explore the dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue,to explain the relation dendritic cells and tumor immunity.Methods:Adopt immune histochmistry S-P method.Results:The extent of dendritic cells to soak gallbladder carcinoma tissue is not relate to age,gender and types of pathhistology but negative contact with degree of pathological differentiation (P

Objective To explore the correlation between hyperuricaemia and blood pressure, and blood lipid and glucose. Methods By using simple cluster sampling, 2 branch units from PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company were selected, and all the 720 subjects with hyperuricaemia (HUA) were assigned to the HUA group; another 620 participants with normal uric acid (UA) level into the normal group. The correlation between blood uric acid and blood pressure,and blood lipid and glucose was assessed by Logistic regression. Results The odds ratio (OR) of those who had 1,2 or 3 abnormal status of hypertension,hyperlipidemia and impaired fasting glucose in the HUA group were much higher than the normal group (OR values were 4. 036,2. 562, and 4. 174, respectively). Logistic regression showed that male, systolic blood pressure ( SBP), GLU, total cholesterol ( TC), triglyceride ( TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were risk factors of H UA ( OR values were 7. 736,2. 309,1.721,2. 761 and 1. 411,respectively) ,while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, OR = 0. 211 ) was a protective factor of HUA. Conclusions Gender,blood pressure and blood lipid may have correlation with blood UA. Multiple risk factors should be considered to improve the effectiveness of health education and health promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol pretreatment on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ (AE Ⅱ) cells in fetal rats. Methods Primary cultured AE Ⅱ cells isolated from fetal rats were seeded in 96-well plates (1 × 106/L, 180 μl/well) and randomly assigned to one of 3 groups (n = 72each):normal control group (group C), hypoxia group (group H) and propofol-hypoxia group (group P-H).Group H and P-H were exposed to hypoxia (5% O2). In group P-H, propofol (final concentration 5 μ mol/L) was added 1 h prior to hypoxia (5% O2). The apoptotic rate and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1αmRNA, Bnip3L mRNA, HIF-1α protein and Bnip3L protein were determined at 3, 12, 24 and 48 h of hypoxia.Results The apoptotic rate and expression of HIF-1α mRNA, Bnip3L mRNA, HIF-lα protein and Bnip3L protein were significantly up-regulated in group H compared with group C (P ＜ 0.05). Propofol pretreatment could significantly inhibit the hypoxia-induced changes mentioned above (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol pretreatment can inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis of AE Ⅱ cells, and the mechanism is related to inhibition of HIF-1αactivation and down-regulation of Bnip3L expression in fetal rats.