Objective: To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator actived receptor ? (PPAR ?)and the inducement of apoptosis by PPAR ? ligand in renal cell carcinoma(RCC) derived cell lines.Methods:RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determined the expression of PPAR ? mRNA and protein in two RCC derived cell lines(786 O and A498) and two normal kidney(NK) derived cell lines(HK 2 and HMCC). Two RCC cell lines were treated with 50 ?mol/L troglitazoned for and evaluated for the effects of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on the cells apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy and DNA ladder assay.The mutative expressions of Bcl 2 and Bax before and after TZDs treatment were also performed by western blot analysis. Results: The expression of PPAR ? was observed to be stronger in 786 O and A498 cells than in HK 2 and HMCC cells by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Treated with 50 ?mol/L troglitazone (for 48 h) it induced typical apoatosis in 786 O and A498 cells. After treatment, a decrease in Bcl 2 expression in RCC cells was observed by Western blot analysis,and the expression of Bax,however,was up regulated.Conclusion: The results reveal that troglitazone has the tumor suppressive effect on RCC cells. High affinity PPAR ? ligands (TZDs) may be the candidates for a novel approach to the treatment of this refractory neoplasm.

Objective To explore CT features of simple renal adipose capsule herniation (SRACH)and discuss its classification. Methods CT data of 1 8 patients with SRACH were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the 1 8 cases occurred on the left side. SRACH could be divided into two types,thoracic and extrapleural.XGray films were negative in 1 7 cases,and 1 case in the lateral chest radiograph showed the hilly shadow in the posterior costal phrenic area.The results of CT detections presented as round,oval,and fusiform fat density masses on the paraspinal or posterior phrenic angle area with smooth margins,which extended downward to the diaphragm and were linked to the perinephric fat.Conclusion MSCT can clearly show the location of SRACH,the shape,size and density of the hernia sac,and the relationship with the renal adipose capsule,which may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

The insidious onset of cholangiocarcinoma and the lack of early diagnosis markers have made most patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma in the advanced stage of the disease. At present, surgical treatment is the first choice for patients with cholangiocarcinoma, but surgery also faces problems such as high risks and many difficulties. Recent studies have found that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) have the functions of regulating the cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance of cholangiocarcinoma. This article aims to review the potential regulatory role of lncRNA and circRNA in the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma, in order to provide clinical references for the early diagnosis, targeted therapy and patient's prognosis evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma.

The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In biomedical science,several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.For example,3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies,surgical simulation,intraoperative navigation,medical training,and patient education.Moreover,cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs.With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery,we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

Objective To analyze the genetic phenotypes of Y-chromosome STR and SNP in Han male population of Wujiang area, Suzhou City and explore the genetic structure of population of Wujiang area for further examination of regional-specific Y-SNP genetic markers ancestor haplogroups. Methods Blood samples of 472 Wujiang area Han males were randomly collected and genotyped by Yfiler^TM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The allele frequencies and haplotype frequencies of each locus were obtained using the direct calculation method. Y-SNP haplogroups of each sample were estimated using Y-Predictor software and verified through experiments by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction （ARMS-PCR）. Results A total of 453 haplotypes were found in the 27 Y-STR genetic markers in 472 Han males of Wujiang area. The haplotype diversity （HD） was 0.997 696 93, among which, the highest gene diversity （GD） value was DYF387S1a/b （GD=0.953 1） and the lowest was DYS438 （GD=0.321 8）. Based on genotyping data of 27 Y-STRs and 472 samples, 132 haplogroups from C, D, N, O and Q, etc downstream Y-SNP haplogroups were estimated and then verified through experiments. Conclusion This study is based on Y-chromosome STR haplotypes, and predicts Y-SNP haplogroups by Y-Predictor software, then uses ARMS-PCR to verify. Y-SNP genetic markers were introduced to achieve precise analysis of the genetic structure of male families in population of three towns in Wujiang area.
China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics* ; Cities ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of homoharringtonine (HHT) alone or combined with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) , an autophagy inhibitor, on the apoptosis and autophagy of K562 cells.

METHODSK562 cells were treated with HHT(10 ng/ml) or HHT(10 ng/ml) combined with 3-MA (1.5 mmol/L) for 1 to 8 days. The apoptosis of treated cells was tested by means of flow cytometry(FCM), and the autophagy levels were tested with RT-PCR, Western blot and electron microscopy.

RESULTSIn the early stage of HHT-treated group, the apoptosis rate increased and decreased later. Beclin1 mRNA expression level and the LC3II/I ratio were declined firstly and increased later in HHT group. While combining with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, both the Beclin1 mRNA expression level and the LC3II/I ratio were declined continually during the treated period. The activated caspase-3 protein expression level was also raised sustainability during both HHT and 3-MA cultured period.

CONCLUSIONSHHT can induce apoptosis of K562 cells, but the sustaining effect of HHT can induc autophagy of K562 cells, the combination of HHT with 3-MA may enhance the cytotoxicitic effect of HHT on K562 cells.