Abstract MiRNAs are a type of single-stranded, endogenous, non-coding small RNAs, which can regulate the post-transcriptional expression of genes and a variety of biological functions. Puberty development involves a complex regulatory network, among which the the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis may play the key role. Studies have found that there was a relationship between the miRNAs and puberty development. The absence and abnormal expression of miRNAs can affect the initiation of puberty. But the mechanism is not clear. It may be related to the secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus. This article mainly introduced several miRNAs which were currently closely related to the initiation of puberty, and reviewed their role and possible mechanisms in the initiation of puberty.