Chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB) is a major infectious disease greatly harmful to the health of Chinese people. Chinese medicine has its speciality and advantages in treating it depending syndrome-differentiation. The objectified researches regarding Chinese medical syndromes in CHB heretofore were reviewed in this article. Moreover, aiming at existing problems and taking the angle of "disease-syndrome combining" study, authors put forward research approach, and approaches for studying systemic biology based biological basis of Chinese medical syndrome in hepatitis B with reductionism and holism, cybernetics and system theories in combination.
Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To explore the most effective route of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCs) in D-galactosamine (D-gal) induced porcine model with acute liver failure (ALF) and the potential mechanism.Methods BA-MA mini-pigs with D-gal-induced ALF were transplanted with porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through four routes:intraportal injection (InP),peripheral intravenous injection (PV),hepatic intra-arterial injection (AH) and intrahepatic injection (IH).The survival time was recorded.The blood samples before and after MSC transplantation were collected for detecting liver function.Liver histology was interpreted and scored.Hepatic apoptosis and regeneration were detected by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and Ki-67 assay.The protein expression of cleaved caspase-3,survivin,AKT and ERK were analyzed by Western blot.Results The average survival time in each group was (10.7 ±1.6) days (InP),(6.0 ±0.9) days (AH),(4.7 ±1.4) days (PV),(4.3 ± 0.8) days (IH) when compared with D-gal group [(3.8 ± 0.8) days].The histopathological scores revealed a significantly decrease in InP group (3.17 ± 1.04,P ＜0.05) and AH group (8.17 ± 0.76,P ＜ 0.05) when compared with that in D-gal group (11.50 ± 1.32).The apoptosis rate in InP group (25.0 ± 3.4％,P ＜ 0.05) and AH group (40.5 ± 1.0％,P ＜ 0.05) was lower than that in D-gal group (70.6 ± 8.5％).The expression of active caspase-3 was inhibited,while the expression of survivin,AKT and ERK was elevated in InP group.Conclusions The intraportal injection was superior to other pathways for MSCs transplantation.Intraportal MSC transplantation could improve liver function,inhibit cell apoptosis,promote cell proliferation and prolong the survival in porcine ALF model.

Objective To study the relationship between the MDR1 gene expressions and CD56 antigen expression in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and to explore the role of this two factors in clinical drug resistance and their correlation. Methods A real-time quantitative RT-PCR method was established for detecting MDR1 expression levels and three-color flow cytometry analysis using CD34/ SSC gating was used to examined CD56 antigen expression in 79 de novo AML patients. Results CD56 an-tigen was recorded in 19 out of 79 cases (24.1%) and particularly in those with M5 cytotypes. Moreover, CD56 expression was significantly associated with unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities (P<0.05), Patients with t(8:21)had a significantly higher incidence (57.1%, 4/7) of CD56 expression than those with favora-ble karyotype(P<0.05). CD56~+ AML patients had a higher incidence of splenohepatomegalia and lactate dehydrogenase level than CD56~- patients(P<0.05). The median expression levels of MDR1 was statistical-ly higher in CD56~+ AML patients than that in CD56 patients(P<0.001). Patients with both high levels of MDR1 and CD56~+ had a significantly lower CR(complete remission) rate than those with both low MDR1 level and CD56 (58.8% vs 89.2%, P<0.01). Conclusion There is a linear correlation between MDR1 gene expression and CD56 expression in AML. Quantification of the MDR1 gene expression together with CD56 antigen expression is more effective to the judgement of prognosis in AML.

Objective To assess the application of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) in evaluation of ruptured intracranial aneurysm after clipping and to discuss the different variable use of vol-ume rendering(VR), gradient rendering (GR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). Methods From January 2011 to December 2012 , 88 patients with 92 ruptured intracranial aneurysms were treated with clipping using titani-um clips in our hospital and followed up by both 2D-DSA and 3D-DSA. Residual aneurysms , Clips place, clips and parent arteries and stenosis of parent arteries were evaluated by volume rendering (VR), gradient rendering (GR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). Results Among 92 clipped aneurysms, 23 residual aneurysms were found by 3D-DSA. Residual aneurysms were recorded according to the Sindou grade: 15 of gradeⅠ, 3 of gradeⅡ, 4 of grade Ⅲand 1 of grade Ⅳ. Three patients of grade Ⅲand 1 of grade Ⅳwith residual aneurysms were retreated by clipping or coiling, and 1 patient of grade Ⅲ was dead with rupture of residual aneurysm. The clips and number of clips were clearly visualized , and relationship between the clips and the aneurysms was well demonstrated by VR, GR and MIP images. VR, GR images showed the remnants clearly. Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography did not showed accurate details of the stenosis of parent arties which required an analysis of 2D-DSA. Conclusion Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography can be used for definite evaluation of resid-ual aneurysms after clipping, especially by VR, GR images. It is helpful to manage the residual ruptured aneurysms.

A total of 1 100 patients underwent renal transplantation in the Organ Transplantation Center,Second Affiliated Department of General Hospital of Chinese PLA between 1988 and 2008 were collected,and retrospective analysis was performed in five female patients with malignant tumor,which appeared at 68 months (20-132 months) following renal transplantation,including 2 with renipelvic and uretal cancer and 3 with bladder cancer. Two of the 3 patients with bladder cancer presented homolateral renipelvic and uretal metastasis. Three cases and 1 case of upper uretal cacer were observed at the homolateral or heterolateral of kidney grafts respectively. The main characteristic of sign was iterative and painless gross hematuria. The 5 patients underwent renal transplantation with intravesical instillation therapy and nephrectomy. All patients were survived without rejection in the 1-62 months follow-up. The incidence of malignancy in renal allograft recipients is much higher than that in normal ones,which is related to the long term use of immunosuppressants. Urinary epithelial cancer is the main complicating carcinoma and the first choice of treatment is surgical operation. Based on the normal renal grafts function,the dose of immunosuppressants should be as low as possible,Moreover,radiotherapy or chemiotherapy should be adopted according to the types and stages of tumor complicating renal transplantation.

Objective This study is to explore the safety,feasibility and efficacy of robotic laparoendoscopic single-site(LESS) zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy.Methods Two patients underwent robotic laparoendoscopic single-site zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy by our urologic surgical team at 22-May-2017 and 31-May-2017 in our institution.The salient patient demographics and tumor characteristics,including age,gender,body mass index (kg/m2),Charlson Co-morbidity Index (Age-weighted),tumor laterality,diameter (cm),R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score and preoperative split renal function GFR [ml/(min · 1.73 m2)] were:73/56,female/male,25.2/19.8,2/0,lcft/right,1.8/1.4,5a/4a,left 43.8、right 49.2/left 38.8 、right 48.7 respectively.A 2-3 cm longitudinal skin incision was made at 4 cm below the inferior margin of rib arch at the level of midaxillary line (case NO.1) or peri-umbilicus (case NO.2).The da Vinci Si robotic Single-siteTM Port was inserted.The line of Toldt was incised with the colon medially mobilized.Gerota's fascia was opened,the main renal artery or its branches were dissected,then the renal mass fully dissected and exposed.The renal mass was entirely removed with approximately 0.5-1.0 cm surrounding normal renal parenchyma (unclamping in case NO.1,and selective branch clamping in case NO.2) and kidney reconstruction was conducted with 1-0 Quill Suture via hem-o-lock sliding technique.Results The two procedures were smoothly completed without any extra skin incision.Operative duration,estimated blood loss and skin incision length was respectively 230/190 min,100/60 ml,3.6/2.5 cm.Duration of two selective renal artery branches clamping in case NO.2 was 39 and 24 min.Postoperative pain measured by the visual analog pain scale (VASP) at day 1,day 2,day 3 was 5/4,3/3,2/1,Time off oral intake,duration of drainage and length of stay after surgery was 2/4 d、2/4 d、6/7d,respectively.The recovery of both patients were uncomplicated and discharged smoothly.Pathological examination revealed oncocytoma in case NO.1 and papillary renal cell carcinoma in case NO.2.Conclusions The initial experience shows the robotic laparoendoscopic single-site zero-ischemia partial nephrectomy is a safe,feasible and efficacious procedure.It may exhibit clinical benefits for patients in terms of pain control,convalescence and cosmesis,but in this early stage the clinical indications should be strictly controlled.

0.05).Conclusion CYPIA1 MspⅠ polymorphism is not related to the susceptibility to colorectal carcinoma.

In this paper, the process performance indexes (PPIs) P(p) and P(pk) were introduced and applied to evaluate the process capability and quality consistence of Chinese medicine products. The historical quality analysis data of Qingkailing injection were collected and taken as the research object. The confidence intervals of P(p) and P(pk) were estimated based on the Bootstrap sampling methods. Results showed that the value and width of the confidence interval P(p) of were smaller that of P(pk) suggesting that the P(pk) index was more sensitive than P(p) in process capability analysis. Within the production period concerned, the P(pk) values estimated from different quality indexes of Qingkailing injection, such as baicalin, cholic acid, geniposide and total nitrogen, were 1.122, 2.055, 1.564 and 0.891, respectively. It could be found that the cholic acid had the highest process capability, followed by the geniposide and baicalin. The total nitrogen had the lowest process capability, indicating that it is necessary to reinforce the quality management of total nitrogen related manufacturing processes. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of PPIs, which are convenient to be used in production practice of Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Injections ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Shen warming Pi strengthening method on expressions of serum T cell subsets (C045+%, C03+%, and C04 +/COB+) in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-0) rats. Methods An IBS-0 rat model was established referring to AL-Chaer's modeling method combined with tail clamp and intragastric administration of sanna leaf. After modeling 30 SO rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the model group, the high, middle, low dose Wenshen Jianpi Recipe (WJR) groups, and the Sishen Pill control group, 6 in each group. A normal control group consisting of 6 SO rats were also set up. Rats in high, middle, low dose WJ R groups were administered by gastrogavage with boil-free WJ R at the daily dose of 3. 100, 1. 550, 0. 775 g/kg, respectively. Rats in the Sis hen Pill control group were administered by gastrogavage with boil-free Sis hen Pill at the daily dose of 0. 736 g/kg. Equal volume of normal saline was given by gastrogavage to rats in the model group and the normal control group. All medication lasted for 2 successive weeks. Rats' general state, expressions of T cell subsets (CD45+%, CD3+%, and CD4+ /CDB+) changes were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of CD45+% and CD3+% increased, but CD4+ /CDB+ decreased with statistical difference (P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, expressions of CD45+% and CD3+% decreased, but CD4+ ICDB+ increased with statistical difference in high, middle, low dose WJR groups, and the Sis hen Pill control group (P <0. 05). Compared with the Sis hen Pill control group, there was statistical difference in all indices except CD45+ value in the low dose SWPSM group (P <0. 05). Compared with the low dose WJ R group, the expression of CD3+% decreased in high and middle dose WJR groups, and the Sis hen Pill control group; CD4+ /CD8+ increased in the Sishen Pill control group and the high dose SWPSM group (all P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSWJR showed better treatment effect. The mechanism of Shen warming Pi strengthening method might be achieved by regulating expressions of CD45+% and CD3+%, and CD4+ /CD8+ ratios.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; therapy ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Rats ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of Chemokine receptor CXCR4 in the drug resistance of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma.Methods 786-O cells were inoculated into the anterior sciatic region of nude mice subcutaneously,5 × 106 cells per point.The mice were given normal saline and sorafenib intragastric (80 mg/kg,1 time/day) when the transplanted tumor volume reached about 100 mm3.The tumor volume in the saline group was more than 1 500 mm3 at the 5th week,and the tumor was taken as the control tissue.Sorafenib group tumors started to grow accelerately at week 8,and the tumor volume was more than 1 500 mm3 at week 13.The 13th week tumors were used as resistant tissue.The expression of CXCR4 in control tissues and drug resistant tissues was detected by real-time quantitative PCR,western blotting and immunohistochemistry.The pcDNA3.1-CXCR4 plasmid was constructed and transfected into 786-O cells.The expression of CXCR4 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting.The drug reactivity of the cells was measured by CCK-8 and monoclonal assay to compare the drug resistance of the control group,CXCR4 overexpression group and CXCR4 overexpression + CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 group.The phosphorylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3 in the control group,the sorafenib alone group,the overexpressing CXCR4 + sorafenib group and the overexpressing CXCR4 + sorafenib + AMD3100 group were deternined by Western blotting.Results Compared with the control tissues,the mRNA levels of CXCR4 in the drug-resistant tissues increased (3.22 ± 0.23) times,and the levels of protein expression increased (2.33 ± 0.47) according to western blotting,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).After overexpression of CXCR4,the nRNA expression of CXCR4 increased (78.3 ± 5.3) times,and the protein expression level increased (2.80 ± 0.95) times,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01),indicating that the expression model was established successfully.The drug response curves of the control group,CXCR4 overexpression group and CXCR4 overexpression + AMD3100 group on sorafenib were measured by cck8 method,and the ICS0 was (7.5 ±0.8) μmo]/L,(10.3 ±0.7) μmol/L,(5.7 ±0.6) μmol/L,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);The numbers of clones formed in the above three groups were 26 ± 5,56 ± 12 and 42 ± 9,respectively.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Sorafenib could reduce the phosphorylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3,and overexpression of CXCR4 could reverse the inhibition of phosphatidylation of PKB,ERK and STAT3 by sorafenib.After inhibition of chemokine receptor CXCR4 activity by AMD3100,PKB,ERK,STAT3 phosphorylation was re-suppressed.Conclusions CXCR4 can promote renal cell carcinoma sorafenib resistance.The expression of CXCR4 increased in secondary resistant tumor tissue increased;CXCR4 may promote drug resistance by activating the cell viable pathway.The inhibition of CXCR4 signaling pathway is expected to improve the therapeutic effect of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma.