Objective: To investigate the mortality and years of life lost due to drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide insights into drowning prevention and control. Methods: The mortality surveillance data on drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System. The crude mortality and standardized mortality of drowning by the 2010 population census data in 2010, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and working years of potential life lost (WYPLL) due to drowning were calculated. In addition, the annual percent change (APC) was used to analyze the trends in drowning mortality and the rate of YPLL and WYPLL in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021. Results: A total of 1 681 deaths occurred due to drowning in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, accounting for 9.11% of total injury deaths. The overall mortality and standardized mortality of drowning were 6.35/105 and 4.70/105, respectively, and mortality and standardized mortality of drowning were 6.95/105 and 5.44/105 in men and 5.76/105 and 3.98/105 in women, respectively. The highest mortality of drowning was found in residents at ages of 65 years and older (16.04/105 to 27.02/105), followed by in residents at ages of less than 5 years (2.54/105 to 16.37/105). The overall mortality of drowning was 5.29/105 to 7.21/105 among residents in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and no significant change tendency was seen (APC=-2.18%, t=-2.085, P=0.071). The standardized mortality of drowning reduced from 6.10/105 to 3.69/105 (APC=-4.88%, t=-4.215, P=0.003). In addition, the YPLL and rate of YPLL, and WYPLL and the rate of WYPLL due to drowning mortality were 22 620.50 person-years, 0.10%, 17 956.50 person-years and 0.08% in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, respectively, and the rates of YPLL (APC=-6.95%, t=-3.203, P=0.016) and WYPLL (APC=-7.60%, t=-3.126, P=0.014) both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2012 to 2021. Conclusions The standardized mortality of drowning and rate of YPLL appeared a tendency towards a decline among residents living in Huzhou City from 2012 to 2021, and residents at ages of 65 years and older and less than 5 years are high-risk populations for management of drowning mortality.

Objective To study transesophageal three dimensional echocardiography in the postoperative effect evaluation of the mitral valve apparatus.Methods Thirty three patients with mitral valve prolapse were examined by three dimensional echocardiography preoperatively or intraoperatively.Among them 16 patients underwent mitral vavle reconstruction and 17 patients underwent mitral vavle replacement,the location and size of mitral valve prolapse(MVP) were observed in two groups.Postoperative three dimensional echocardiography was performed to show the mechanism of residual mitral regurgitation(MR).Results In the group of mitral valve reconstruction,three dimensional echocardiography showed that all of the patients had posterior mitral leaflet prolapse,the lesion involved two segments in 4 cases,the average area of mitral leaflet prolapse was ( 0.80 ? 1.59 ) cm 2.While in the group of mitral valve replacement,only 3 patients with isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse,the lesion involved two segments in 13 cases, the average area of mitral leaflet prolapse was ( 1.39 ? 0.91 ) cm 2 (P

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of comorbidity of chronic diseases among hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure in Huzhou City, so as to provide insights into community hypertension control. Methods: Hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure at ages of 35 to 74 years were sampled using a cluster random sampling method from 5 districts (counties) of Huzhou City. Participants' demographics, living behaviors, and development of chronic diseases were collected using questionnaires, and the height, body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Blood glucose, blood lipid and other biochemical parameters were detected, and the number and combination of comorbidity of chronic diseases were descriptively analyzed. Factors affecting the comorbidity of chronic diseases were identified using a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 215 respondents were included, with a mean age of (60.83±7.76) years, and including 652 men (53.66%) and 563 women (46.34%). The prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia and cardiac encephalopathy was 45.10%, 30.95%, 23.05% and 5.10%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases was 69.22% among respondents, and there were 497 respondents with one comorbidity (40.91%), 272 with two comorbidities (22.39%) and 72 with three and more comorbidities (5.93%). Hypertension+dyslipidemia (20.74%), hypertension+diabetes+dyslipidemia (9.96%) and hypertension+diabetes+dyslipidemia+hyperuricemia (4.36%) were predominant comorbid combinations. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that participants with overweight (OR=1.782, 95%CI: 1.390-2.286), obesity (OR=2.411, 95%CI: 1.802-3.222), grade 2 hypertension (OR=1.438, 95%CI: 1.077-1.919) had a higher risk of multiple comorbidities than those with normal body mass index and controlled blood pressure, and women (OR=0.563, 95%CI: 0.456-0.696) had a lower risk of multiple comorbidities than men. Conclusions The prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases was 69.22% among community hypertensive patients with uncontrolled blood pressure in Huzhou City, and the comorbidity of chronic diseases mainly included dyslipidemia and diabetes. Men, overweight, obesity and hypertension resulted in a high risk of comorbidity of chronic diseases.

Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for health education of hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD）in nursery children by Delphi method. Methods: After referring to the relevant literature,an initial health education index system for HFMD of nursery children was established,including four first-level indicators,twelve second-level indicators and forty-six third-level indicators. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted according to Delphi method. The enthusiasm of experts was evaluated by response rate,and the authority of experts was evaluated by authority and variation coefficient. The consultation questionnaire in the second round was based on the results of the first round and was scored again in the same way. Then the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children was finally determined. Results: Thirteen experts participated in two rounds of consultation,including four aged 40-49 years and nine aged 50-59 years;two of deputy senior title and eleven of senior title;one worked in the health administration department,six in the CDC,five in health education institutions and one in kindergarten. The two rounds of expert consultation were carried out effectively within the time set and the response rate reached 100%. In the first round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.92±0.06,0.85±0.12 and 0.88±0.06,respectively. One first-level indicator,two second-level indicators and twelve third-level indicators were added,seven third-level indicators were deleted,and the contents of one second-level indicator and ten third-level indicators were improved in the first round. In the second round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.95±0.07,0.88±0.10 and 0.91±0.06,respectively. The coordination coefficients of the first-,second- and third-level indicators in the second round were 0.170,0.166 and 0.283,respectively,and the coefficients of variation were all less than 0.25. After two rounds of discussion,five first-level indicators,fourteen second-level indicators and fifty-two third-level indicators were finally established as the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children. Conclusion The evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children established by Delphi method has high authority and practicability,and it can be used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of HFMD health education on nursery children.

Objective In order to lay the foundation for establishment of a clean grade Meriones meridianus popu-lation, and provide reference for the formulation of Meriones meridianus parasite detection standard.Methods A survey of parasite infection in Meriones meridianus was carried out, and three kinds of antiparasitic drugs, tetramethrin/per-methrin, praziquantel, and tinidazole were used in high-, medium-and low-doses for eradication of the target parasites. Results Three types of parasites were detected among the animals.The infection rate of surface parasite Myobia musculi was 82.1%(23/28), that of intestinal parasite Hymenolepis nana was 78.1% (25/32) and Tritrichomonas muris was 90.6%(29/32).Significant results of parasite eradication were achieved with the antiparasitic drugs.Medicated bath u-sing 1%tetramethrin/permethrin for 30 s every 4 days for 5 times and 1.5%tetramethrin/permethrin for 30 s every 4 days for 3 times completely eradicated the surface Myobia musculi infection.Praziquantel in a dose of 31 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for consecutive 7 days was the optimal dosage to completely eradicate the intestinal Hymenolepis nana.Tinidazole in a dose of 42 mg/kg administered by gastric gavage daily for consecutive 7 days was the optimal dosage for eradication of in-testinal Tritrichomonas muris infection.Conclusions Three types of parasites are detected in Meriones meridianus in our laboratory, i.e.surface infection with Myobia musculi, and intestinal infection with Tritrichomonas muris and Hymenolepis nana.Tetramethrin/permethrin, praziquantel and tinidazole can be used to effectively eradicate these three types of para-sites, respectively.

Objective To study interdialytic body weight gain(IBWG)in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients,and to analyze the associated factors. Methods A total of 269 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.The patients were divided into two groups according to the percentage of IBWG(PIBWG:interdialytic body weight gain/dry weight×100%):PIBWG＞3.50%(190 cases)and PIBWG≤3.50%(79 cases).Associated factors of IBWG were analyzed. Results The average IBWG of 269 MHD patients was(2.42±1.01)kg(0-6.33 kg),and PIBWG was(4.25±1.79)%.In male patients,IBWG was (2.45±1.09)kg,and PIBWG was(3.99±1.79)%.In female patients,IBWG was(2.39±0.85)kg,and PIBWG was(4.64±1.74)%which was significantly higher compared to males(P＜0.01).Patients with PIBWG＜3.00%accounted for 20%,with PIBWG≥3.00%to＜5.00%accounted for 50%,with PIBWG≥5.00%accounted for 30%.Compared to patients with PIBWG＞3.50%,those with PIBWG≤3.50%were characterized by elder age(year)(60.50 ±14.49 vs 54.07±13.78),more males(70.88%vs 54.74%),shorter dialysis duration(month)(41.03±41.92 vs 58.83±43.57),larger BMI(kg/m2)(22.67±3.36 vs 20.91±3.25)and less dry weight(kg)(56.69±10.94 vs 62.82±10.97),more residual urine(ml,In)(6.19±0.94 vs 5.48±0.8),lower predialysis serum β2MG(mmol/L)(31.61±9.82 vs 38.54±10.38)and phosphorus(mmol/L)(1.92±0.66 vs 2.15±0.58).Correlation analysis revealed that PIBWG was positively correlated with dialysis duration,Scr,BUN,β2-MG,phosphorus,decrease and decrease percentage of BP during hemodialysis,and negatively correlated with age,dry weight,BMI,residual urine,and pre-dialysis SBP,MAP. Conclusions PIBWG of about 70%of our patients was below 5%.Young.female.low BMI and dry body weight,long dialysis duration,low residual urine,chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy are associated with more IBWG,which may lead to greater intradialytic BP fluctuation.

Objective To identify the efficacy and safety of aspirin in reducing the serum high sensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)level and preventing the internal arteriovenous fistulas(AVF)embolism in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred and ten hemodialysis patients using AVF more than 3 months were randomly divided into 2 groups,the intervention group(n=55,received aspirin 100 mg/d)and the control group(n=55).Examinations were performed at baseline and 6-month after treatment.Serum hsCRP level,platelet aggregates ratio(PAR),coagulation and inflammation indicators were measured.AVF embolism and the adverse events were monitored. Results Six months later.PAR and hsCRP level of the intervention group patients aged≤60 years decreased significantly [(68.14±8.45)%vs (82.37±9.12)%;(4.79±4.81)mg/L vs(6.94±10.26)mg/L,all P＜0.05],and were significantly lower as compared to.the control group[(68.14±8.45)%vs(74.7±11.50)%,(4.79±4.81)mg/L vs(5.12±9.25)mg/L,all P＜0.05].There were 2 cases of AVF embolism occured in both groups,which showed no statistical difierence (P=0.676).The incidence of adverse effeets was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group but no statistical significance was found (20.0%vs 7.2%,P=0.052),while the mortality rate had no difference between 2 groups (3.6%vs 0,P=0.495).Conclusion Use of aspirin 100 mg/d for 6 months can significantly reduce the serum hsCRP level and PAR in hemodialysis patients under 60-year-old without serious adverse reactions.

This paper retrospectively analyzed nursing care of 20 critically ill patients with human infections of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus treated by oxygen therapy.According to the severity of hypoxia in patients admitted to the hospital,individualized oxygen therapy strategy was selected,such as humidified high flow nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation.Oxygen therapy strategy was adjusted in a timely manner according to patients' condition,such as prone position ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.As a resuh,15 cases were transferred to the general ward when the virus associated test was negative,and 5 cases died.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproductive characteristics of indoor-housed Meriones meridianus.Methods According to the data of Meriones meridianus from 1996 to 2002 in the Center for Laboratory Animal research of Xinjiang, the sexual maturity period of male and female animals, the gestation period of female animals, the litter size, weaning rate, survival rate, sex ratio per month and different fetal times were statistically analyzed.Results Sexual maturity period of male and female animals was 109.3 ±21.0 days and 106.3 ±21.7 days, and gestation period of female animals was 21.3 ±1.4 days.The litter size, weaning rate of different fetal times showed no significant difference compared between those of the first to seventh litter ( P>0.05) , and the survival rate of fourth and sixth litter were lower than that of the average offspring per litter, but the difference was no significant (P>0.05).The sex ratio of from first to sixth litter indicated no significant difference ( P>0.05 ) , and the average proportion of male and female was 1.4:1.0.During a year, the animals almost stopped to reproduce from September to November, however, the differences of litter size between the other months were statistically not significant ( P >0.05 ) , the weaning rate and survival rate per month suggested a significant difference ( P <0.05 ) between some of the months.Conclusions Compared with the background data of wild Meriones meridianus, the laboratory reproduction of Meriones meridianus show some differences, mainly, the season of breeding is shifted to December, and the number of reproduction increased by one or two litters.Our results provide useful reference for laboratory animalization of Meriones meridianus.

Objective To conduct morphological observation and gene identification of the strain of flagellate iso -lated from Cricetulus migratorius in the Xinjiang Research Center for Experimental Animals .Methods The ileocecal con-tents of C.migratorius were microscopically examined on direct smear with Wright-Giemsa staining , and the total RNA iso-lated from Xinjiang C.migratorius was extracted and 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR , and then sequenced .Furthermore the homology was compared and the phylogenetic tree was developed using MEGA 5.22 software.Results Morphological observation indicated that the isolated flagellate was Tritrichomonas muris.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the Xinjiang C. migratorius isolate shared highly homology with that of other Tritrichomonas.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the 16S rRNA gene of Xinjiang C.migratorius isolate was classified into a subgroup with T.muris 16S rRNA (U85966.1), but was relatively distant relative from other related tritrichomonas.Conclusions The flagellate isolated from Xinjiang C. migratorius is identified to be T.muris by both morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene analysis.