Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is still a fatal disease.Recent evidence based clinical study indicated intensified chemotherapy contribute to improvement of pediatric AML survival,while supporting care was an important measurement to let patients tolerate more and more intensifying chemotherapy.Recent series of clinical trial reveals that benefit from more intensified chemotherapy will be limited.Combined risk stratification of genetics and minimal residual desease monitoring may further increase the survival.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors,Gemtuzumab ozogami-cin and Chimeric antigen receptors modified T cell based targeted therapy could be the only way to cure resistant AML. In this review,advance in conventional chemotherapy,hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,and targeted therapy for pediatric AML were reviewed.

Objective: To compare the role in recognizing mild cognitive impairment of visual logical memory to auditory logical memory. Methods: 41 normal aged controls and 41 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) were required to finish immediate recall and delay recall by visual and auditory logical memory test. Results: There was significant difference in immediate recall and delay recall between the two groups who received visual and auditory logical memory test, and the LM of visual logical memory test was superior to that of auditory one. Auditory logical memory-II could recognize more MCI individuals than visual logical memory-II. The accuracy of recognizing MCI by visual logical memory test was 88% when we set the standard score at 5 points, and 93% for auditory logical memory test with the standard score at 3 points. Conclusion: Delay recall of auditory logical memory test is the most sensitive one among all the logical memory tests for recognizing MCI.

Objective: To probe the significance of spontaneous and mimicking clock drawing tests (CDT) to evaluate the severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: 30 normal middle aged to senile people as the control, and 20 amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, 20 mild AD patients, 19 moderate AD patients and 14 severe AD patients were asked to finish the series of neuropsychologic test including the spontaneous and mimicking clock drawing tests. Results: For spontaneous CDT, there was significant difference in the "anchoring part"(draw the four key points-12-3-69 first) between the MCI patients and normal controls (P

Objective To clone and to identify the core promoter of human TSLCI used for exploring of transcrip-tion regulatory mechanism.Methods A series of different fragments located in the upstream of translation start site of TSLC1 were amplified from human genomic DNA by PCR,and then constructed into pGL3-Basic luciferase re-porter vector.The activity of different fragments in A549 and NCI-H446 cells was examined by a dual-luciferase as-say after transient transfection,and then the core promoter of TSLC1 was identified.Results Among the different constructs,the fragment of -68 ～ -329 bp located in the upstream of ATG showed the strong activity both in A549 cells and NCI-H446 cells,which played an important role in the transcription of TSLC1.Conclusion The fragment of -68 ～ -329 bp located in the upstream of translation start site of TSLC1 might be the core promoter region.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene among Chinese pediatric patients with B-ALL and its effect on the prognosis. Methods A total of 723 patients with B-ALL from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2014 were enrolled in this study. All patients were detected ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene by FISH. Clinical data and ETV6/RUNX1 were combined to analyze the clinical prognosis. Results Among the 723 patients, 151 were with ETV6/RUNX1 positive B-ALL, accounting for approximately 20.89%(151/723) of B-precursor cases;91 patients were with recurrence, including 10 patients with ETV6/RUNX1 positive B-ALL, and the recurrence rate of ETV6/RUNX1 positive B-ALL was 10.99%(10/91). Among 10 recurrent patients with ETV6/RUNX1 positive B-ALL, 9 patients relapsed more than 300 days later after diagnosis, while the recurrence times among the patients with ETV6/RUNX1 negative was very different. Although the recurrence times between the two groups showed no signiifcant difference (P?=?0.09), the recurrence times of ETV6/RUNX1 positive patients were mainly found at the end of clinical chemotherapy, while the recurrence time of ETV6/RUNX1 negative patients were mainly at maintaining chemotherapy period, there was a signiifcant difference between the distribution of recurrence time (P?

This study investigated the intracellular localization of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) in the relation with chemoresistance in leukemia. pIRES-GFP-ASNS-Flag/Neo expression vector was transiently tansfected into SK-N-MC cells and 297T cells respectively. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were performed for cellular localization of ASNS respectively. U937 cells were treated with L-asparaginase for 48 h and examined for endogenous ASNS expression on plasma membrane by immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the transiently expressed ASNS was partly localized on transfected-SK-N-MC cell surface. Moreover, Western blotting exhibited that ASNS expressed both in cytosol and on plasma membrane of transfected-293T cells. Immunofluorescence staining with anti-ASNS-specific monoclonal antibody revealed that endogenous ASNS was localized on the plasma membrane of U937 cells, except for its distribution in the cytosol. In addition, ASNS exhibited a higher expression on plasma membrane after treatment with L-asparaginase as compared with the untreated cells. It was concluded that the subcellular translocation of ASNS may play an important role in L-asparaginase resistance in leukemia cells.

ObjectiveTo clarify the characteristics and clinical signiifcance of the NOTCH1 mutations in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).MethodsAmplify and sequence the heterodimerization (HD) domain and the pro-line-glutamicacid-serine-threonine (PEST) domain of theNOTCH1 gene in 28 T-ALL children, in order to explore the frequency, position and type of the mutations as well as their reletions with prognosis.ResultsIn 28 children with T-ALL, 15 cases (51.57%) had been identiifed theNOTCH1 mutations, all of which were heterozygous mutations. The lymphoblast counts in peripher-al blood and bone marrow in theNOTCH1 mutant group at admission were signiifcantly higher than in the non-mutant group (P<0.05). The 1-year remission rate in the 28 children with T-ALL was 75% (21/28), including 80% (12/15) in mutant group in which 3 patients relapsed and all of them died (1-year mortality 20%) and 69.20% (9/13) in non-mutant group in which 4 patients relapsed but all survived (1-year mortality 0%).ConclusionsThe children with T-ALL had a high incidence of NOTCH1 mu-tations at various sites. In addition, the patients withNOTCH1 mutations had more severe disease at diagnosis, better short-term prognosis and poor outcome with salvage therapy after relapse.

Objective To explore the feasibility and application skills of transabdominal preperitoneal prosthesis (TAPP) with cross-encircling arms of mesh.Methods From Septemer 2009 to February 2012,46 cases were given TAPP with cross-encircling arms of mesh.The clinical data and surgery videos were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the 46 cases with 53 inguinal hernias were successful in TAPP.The mean operative time of unilateral hernia was (57.74 ± 11.89) min,the mean operative time of 7 cases with biliateral hernia was (83.86 ±20.42) min and the longest time was 125 min.There were 6 cases with the contralateral hidden hernia,2 cases with hematoma,1 case with paresthesias of skin,no realpse.Conclusion The mesh with cross-encircling arms can be exactly fixed by spermatic cord,ductus deferens or round ligament of uterus,without stitching and stappling.

Objectives To investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in interleu-kin-15 (IL-15) and treatment response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods Genomic DNA samples extracted from remission bone marrow cells of ALL patients were genotyped by MassArray. Five SNPs (rs10519612, rs10519613, rs17007695, rs17015014 and rs35964658) in IL-15 and their association to minimal residual disease (MRD) status in the end of induction therapy were studied. Results SNP rs17007695 was associated with the early response in children with ALL(P=0.049) and the incidence of positive MRD after induction therapy in CC genotype carriers was 1.8 times more than that in TT genotype carriers. Haplotype analysis of these five SNPs showed that the frequency of haplotype CACGG in MRD positive group was 2.1 times higher than that in MRD negative group (P=0.035). Conclusions IL-15 gene polymorphism was associated with the early treatment response in Han Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leuke-mia.

Objectives To evaluate the long-term outcomes of childhood low-or intermediate-risk neuroblastoma (NB) and their relevant prognostic factors. Methods A total of 70 new cases of low-or intermediate-risk NB diagnosed and treated by NB-99 protocol between 1999 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of these 70 NB patients, fourteen patients were in low-risk group and 56 were in intermediate-risk group. Sixty-seven patients reached complete remission (CR) or very good partial remission and 3 (5%) achieved partial remission. Ten patients relapsed. One patient occured second malignant neo-plasm. No patients died of chemotherapy-related adverse events or infections. The 5 year overall survival rate was 85.9%, event-free survival rate was 81.0%. Bone marrow infiltration, age at diagnosis, stage, lactate dehydrogenase level had a significant effect on prognosis. Conclusion Develop cytogenetic and molecular biology tests and pretreatment risk stratification are im-portant for further improvement of treatment protocol.