OBJECTIVE To evaluate these activities of Rg1 in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahy?dropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced PD mouse model for the first time and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups. One hour prior to MPTP/p injection, Group Ⅲ-Ⅵ mice received 10 mg·kg-1, 20 mg·kg-1, or 40 mg·kg-1 Rg1 or 3 mg·kg-1 selegiline, respectively, orally from D (-3) to D49. Group Ⅰ-Ⅱ mice received solvent water. Subsequently, GroupⅡ-Ⅵ mice received by injection MPTP-HCl (25 mg·kg- 1 bw dissolved in 0.9% saline, sc) on a 40-d schedule at intervals of 4 d between consecutive doses in combination with an adjuvant drug, probenecid (250 mg·kg- 1 bw in 0.03 mL of DMSO, ip); GroupⅠ mice were injected with saline and probenecid. Behavioral performance was assessed in the open field test, pole test and rotarod test. Neurotransmitters in the striatum were detected using HPLC. Protein levels were measured by Western blot. Pathological characteristics were examined by immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructure changes were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS Oral treatment with Rg1 significantly attenuated the high MPTP-induced mortality, behavior defects, loss of dopamine neurons and abnormal ultrastructure changes in the SNpc. Other assays indicated that the protective effect of Rg1 may be mediated by its anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Rg1 regulated MPTP-induced reactive astrocytes and microglia and decreased the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in the SNpc. Rg1 also alleviated the unusual MPTP induced increase in oligomeric, phosphorylated and disease-related a-synuclein in the SNpc. CONCLUSION Rg1 protects dopaminergic neurons, most likely by reducing aberrant a-synuclein-mediated neuroinflammation, and holds promise for Parkinson disease therapeutics.

Objective To detect the feasibility of magnetically labeled swine bone marrow mesenehymal stem cells(MSCs)with SHU 555A combined with poly-L-arginine(PLL),under MR imaging in vitro and in vivo.Methods Swine mesenehymal stem cells were isolated and culture-expanded 3 passages in vitro,then magnetically labeled by incubation with SHU 555A(25?g Fe/ml,Resovist,Schering)for 24 hours with 750 ng/mL poly-L-lysine(PLL;average MW_275 kDa)added 1 hour before incubation.Cellular iron incorporation and detention at 0 d,4 d,8 d,12 d,16 d,20 d after labeling was qualitatively assessed using Prussian blue and quantified at atomic absorption spectrometry.Cell viability was assessed by trypan-blue exclusion test.Cell suspensions underwent MR imaging with T_1-and T_2-weighted spin-echo and fast field-echo sequences on a clinical 1.5 T MR system.At last,1?10~6 SHU 555A labeled and unlabeled MSCs were transextracardially implanted into the infracted and normal myocardium approximately 2 week following the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in 1 swine respectively,and finally performed 1.5-T MRI within 1 week after infarction.Results①Intracytoplasmic particles stained with Prussian blue stain were detected for all cells with mean cellular iron content of(13.13?2.30)pg per cell.With division of stem cells, the stained particles decreased gradually with iron content(0.68?0.20)pg per cell.at 16 days after labeling, approximately to the prelabeled baseline values.(0.21?0.06)pg per cell(P＞0.05).The viability of the labeled cells at various time points were not significantly different with that of nonlabeled cells(P＞0.05).②MR images showed signal intensity changed most obviouly in T2*WI in vitro.The percentage change of signal intensity increased with increasing cell numbers,and decreased with the time.As few as 5?10~4-1?10~5 cells could be detected by using this approach.③Two injected sites containing MR-MSCs were detected in vivo,presentingas low signal intensity areas with the T_2*WI scanning sequence.Conclusion Swine bone marrow MSCs can be labeled with SHU555A-PLL and depicted with a standard 1.5-T MR imager in vitro and in vivo.(J lntervent Radiol,2007,16:115-121)

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical characteristics and treatments for chondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and the skull base.

METHODSThe clinical characteristics of chondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and skull base in 7 patients underwent endoscopic surgeries between 2001 and 2008 were analyzed. Of the patients, 4 men and 3 women. The patients' age ranged from 18 to 47 years, with a median of 31 years.

CLINICAL SYMPTOMSstuffy, nose bleeding, runny, headache, diplopia, eye outreach limited, blurred vision and even blindness. Surgery methods: under nasal endoscopy, after the attachment sites of the tumors to normal tissues were confirmed, the tumors were peeled off along the clear boundary between the tumors and normal tissues, and the potential residual tumor tissues on bones were cleared by a drill.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up postoperatively for 24 to 108 months, with a median of 36 months. Five of 7 patients were no recurrence, 2 were alive with tumor.

CONCLUSIONSChondrosarcoma of paranasal sinus and skull base can be treated by nasal endoscopic surgery, with good clinical outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Chondrosarcoma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To study the mechanisms on drug susceptibility and resistance of clinically multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates,to provide information on related treatment.Methods The susceptibility of E.coli strains that isolated from different kinds of samples in the last 3 years on drugs was analyzed by agar dilution test,with strains that exhibiting resistances to cefotuxime,ciprofloxacin and amikacin simultaneously collected for further analysis.Resistant genes which mediate resistance to β-lactamases,fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside as well as phylogenic type were detected by PCR amplification while genetic relation was analyzed by PFGE.Transferability of resistant plasmids was identified by conjugation test.Results In total,137 multidrug-resistant E.coli isolates were collected.Only 1％ of the isolates exhibited resistance to both imipenem and meropenem while 4％ of the strains were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam.Most (85％) of the isolates were positive to ESBL and majority of them produced CTX-M.Target substitution and production of methylases were the main mechanisms causing resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides respectively.Conclusion The main source of clinical multidrug-resistance was collected from urine samples.Carbapenem and enzyme inhibitor-containing antibiotics seemed to be the available antibiotics that were sentitive to the clinically multidrug-resistant E.coli isolates.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MR) on detecting transplanted nanometer small superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIO) labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in swine model with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSMSCs isolated from swine were incubated with nanometer SPIO for 24 hours and the third-passage MSCs were labeled with DNA dye 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and aliphatic red fluorescent dye PKH(26)-GL. Presence of small particles of SPIO in MSCs was assessed by Prussian Blue staining and electron microscopy. Three animals in each group received SPIO-labeled MSCs (5 x 10(5); 1 x 10(6); 2 x 10(6)) and MSCs without SPIO (1 x 10(6)) injections into the infarcted myocardium approximately 1 hour following left anterior descending coronary artery. MRI (1.5-T) was performed 20 to 24 hours post infarction in all animals and the animals were subsequently sacrificed for histology 1 hour post MRI.

RESULTSIn vitro Prussian Blue staining and electron microscopy examination revealed numerous iron particles in the cytoplasm of MSCs. Low signal intensity spots with the scanning T(2)(*)WI-Flash 2d sequence were detected in all SPIO-MSCs but not in SPIO-negative-MSCs injected myocardial sites in vivo with the clinical 1.5 T scanner. Prussian blue, DAPI and PKH(26) positive cells were detected histologically in sections corresponding to low signal intensity spots area shown on MRI.

CONCLUSIONMagnetically labeled MSCs transplanted in myocardial ischemia area of swine can be visualized in vivo with a clinical 1.5-T MRI and could be used for tracking SPIO-MSCs clinically.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Myocardial Infarction ; pathology ; surgery ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Nanoparticles ; Swine

Objective To scientifically measure the workload of basic public health services project on village level .Methods 257 village doctors and 24 public health administrators that work in rural health clinics in Qianjiang city ,Hubei province and Qianjiang distrcit ,Chongqing city were sampled ,with questionnaire survey and key informant in-depth interview methods used to screen basic public health service projects affordable on village level ,for workload measurement .Results 35 basic public health service projects were chosen as the measurement projects regarding their relative workload. Hypertension follow-up workload 100 was set as the benchmark ,finding the rest relative workload of other projects range from11～936 .Conclusions It is reasonable to use the relative value measurement based on RBRVS theory on village level basic public health service projects. Results of this study can offer support for the pricing and further dynamic modification of the basic public health service projects .

China ; Manganese/toxicity* ; Stainless Steel

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of total alkaloids of Corydalis saxicola on a rat model of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced depression， as well as the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 8 of its major components. MethodTwenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， model group， fluoxetine group（10 mg·kg^-1） and total alkaloids of C. saxicola group（210 mg·kg^-1）， with 6 rats in each group. In addition to the normal group， the rats were injected intraperitoneally with LPS to establish the inflammation model of depression， and the drug administration was started 1 week after modeling， and the administration groups were gavaged according to the corresponding dose， and the normal and model groups were intragastric administration with equal volume of distilled water， and the administration was performed along with the modeling. After two weeks of continuous administration， the effect of total alkaloids of C. saxicola on the behavior of depressed rats were tested by sucrose preference， forced swimming and open field experiments， the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， interleukin（IL）-1β and IL-6 in serum of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）， the histopathological changes of rat hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. After the last administration， blood was collected from orbit according to the set time， and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-QqQ-MS） was established to simultaneously detect the concentrations of dehydrocavidine， tetrahydropalmatine， coptisine， palmatine， jatrorrhizine， berberine， berberrubine and epiberberine in plasma， and drug-time curves were drawn. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by DAS 2.0 software. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited a decrease in sucrose preference rate， total distance traveled in the open field， as well as an increase in swimming immobility time and serum inflammatory factor expression（P<0.01）. In contrast， compared with the model group， rats in each administration group showed an increase in sucrose preference rate and total distance traveled in the open field， a decrease in swimming immobility time， and a reduction in serum inflammatory factor expression（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Additionally， HE staining results revealed that neurons in the hippocampus of rats from the model group were characterized by loss， disorganization and residual vacuoles， whereas those from the total alkaloids of C.saxicola group displayed an increase in number with orderly arrangement and clear cytoplasm. Pharmacokinetic results showed that the time to peak（t_max） and half-life（t_1/2） of the 8 active ingredients were 0.19-2.06 h and 3.71-8.70 h after continuous administration of total alkaloids of C. saxicola. Among them， the area under the curve（AUC_0-∞） of tetrahydropalmatine was the highest and the t_1/2 was the shortest， and the AUC_0-∞ of coptisine， palmatine， jatrorrhizine， berberine， berberrubine and epiberberine were low. The curves of dehydrocavidine， coptisine， palmatine， berberine and epiberberine showed obvious double peak phenomenon. ConclusionTotal alkaloids of C. saxicola can improve the depression-like behavior of rats， inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors in serum， improve the pathological injury of hippocampus， and has the antidepressant effect. Meanwhile， the effective site is absorbed quickly and eliminated slowly in the depressed model rats， and the efficacy is maintained for a long time.

BACKGROUND: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare disease, but it exhibits more aggressive behaviors. The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic accuracy of MTC before surgery by analyzing the clinical and ultrasonic data of patients with MTC. METHODS: The study included 71 patients (96 lesions) with histopathologically proven MTC between April 2011 and September 2016 in the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The clinical characteristics and sonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the ultrasonic correct diagnosis group and the ultrasonic misdiagnosis group with the t test or Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative parameters and the χ test or Fisher exact test for qualitative parameters. RESULTS: Compared with the ultrasonic correct diagnosis group, the proportion of the cystic change in the ultrasonic misdiagnosed group was high (25.0% vs. 4.2%), the uncircumscribed margin and irregular shape proportions were low (20.8%, 58.3% vs. 74.7%, 87.3%), calcification was relatively rare (20.8% vs. 56.3%), and rich vascularity was relatively rare (25.0% vs. 78.9%). CONCLUSIONS In the case of atypical MTC, such as cystic change, circumscribed margin, regular shape, no calcification, no rich vascularity, and normal cervical lymph nodes, MTC is easily misdiagnosed as benign by ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound, cytology and serum calcitonin should be comprehensively evaluated for a preoperative diagnosis of MTC.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ultrasonography

Objective     To investigate the influence of prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods     Clinical data of 5 216 patients from Jiangsu Province CABG registry who underwent primary isolated CABG from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into a PCI group (n=673) and a non-PCI group (n=4 543) according to whether they had received PCI treatment. The PCI group included 491 males and 182 females, aged 62.6±8.2 years, and the non-PCI group included 3 335 males and 1 208 females, aged 63.7±8.7 years. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to compare 30-day mortality, incidence of major complications and 1-year follow-up outcomes between the two groups. Results     Both in original cohort and matched cohort, there was no statistical difference in the 30-day mortality [14 (2.1%) vs. 77 (1.7%), P=0.579; 14 (2.1%) vs. 11 (1.6%), P=0.686], or the incidence of major complications (myocardial infarction, stroke, mechanical ventilation≥24 h, dialysis for new-onset renal failure, deep sternal wound infection and atrial fibrillation) (all P>0.05). The rate of reoperation for bleeding in the PCI group was higher than that in the non-PCI group [19 (2.8%) vs. 67 (1.5%), P=0.016; 19 (2.8%) vs. 7 (1.0%), P=0.029]. Both in original cohort and matched cohort, there was no statistical difference in 1-year survival rate between the two groups [613 (93.1%) vs. 4 225 (94.6%), P=0.119; 613 (93.1%) vs. 630 (95.2%), P=0.124], while the re-admission rate in the PCI group was significantly higher than that in the non-PCI group [32 (4.9%) vs. 113 (2.5%), P=0.001; 32 (4.9%) vs. 17 (2.6%), P=0.040]. Conclusion     This study shows that a history of PCI treatment does not significantly increase the perioperative mortality and major complications of CABG, but increases the rate of cardiogenic re-admission 1 year postoperatively.