ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological regularity of measles in Jilin Province from 2009 to 2022,so as to provide evidence for measles prevention and control measures.MethodsThe representative strains of measles from 2009 to2022 in Jilin Province were sequenced,the dominant epidemic strains and their variation were analyzed by bioinformatics software Bioedit and Mega 11,and the morbidity,immunization history and age distribution of the confirmed cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.ResultsA total of 6 560 cases of measles were reported in Jilin Province from 2009 to 2022,of which 50. 17% and 27. 58% were cases with zero doses of measles vaccine and unknown immu-nization history,respectively. Children aged 0 ～ 23 months accounted for 47. 29% of the total number of cases,adult group aged ≥15 years accounted for 37. 41%. The reported incidence reached the elimination level of < 1 per million population in the last 3 years due to the impact of immunization strategies and COVID-19 pandemic. The dominant genotype of measles virus in Jilin Province was still H1a genotype. Molecular epidemiological analysis showed that two large transmission chains continued to be prevalent together,one of which was blocked in 2015.ConclusionFrom 2009 to 2022,the reported incidence of measles in Jilin Province showed a downward trend,and the age of the cases showed a "two-way shift" distribution,which was concentrated in the population with no immunization history and unknown immunization history. The basic vaccination rate should be increased continuously,the targeted enhanced immunization should be carried out,and the molecular epidemiological surveillance should be strengthened to block transmission chains in time.

Objective To analyze rash and fever illness(RFI) and other respiratory virus co-infection in some confirmed measles cases in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for measles co-infection and multi-pathogen diagnosis.Methods The throat swab specimens of 106 measles confirmed cases in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected,of which nine kinds of RFI associated virus and respiratory virus with similar clinical symptoms were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,including varicella-zoster virus(VZV),Dengue virus(DENY),human parvovirus B19(HPV-B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),human herpesvirus6(HHV6),human rhinovirus(HRV),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),human adenovirus(HAdV) and human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),and statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 23.0 software.Results VZV and DENV were not detected in the 106 collected specimens,and the other 7viruses were detected.30.18% of the measles cases were co-infected with other viruses,of which only HCMV co-infection cases showed significant difference in the age groups(≤24 months old,24 months old to 15 years old,> 15 years old)(χ~2=9.941,P <0.05);there was no significant difference between the genders in cases co-infected with other viruses(χ~2=0.200—2.778,each P> 0.05).Conclusion Some confirmed cases of measles might be co-infected with one or more other viruses in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022,and it is recommended to strengthen targeted surveillance and differential diagnosis,especially for infants and young children,women of childbearing age and pregnant women.

Objective To analyze rash and fever illness(RFI) and other respiratory virus co-infection in some confirmed measles cases in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for measles co-infection and multi-pathogen diagnosis.Methods The throat swab specimens of 106 measles confirmed cases in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected,of which nine kinds of RFI associated virus and respiratory virus with similar clinical symptoms were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,including varicella-zoster virus(VZV),Dengue virus(DENY),human parvovirus B19(HPV-B19),Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),human herpesvirus6(HHV6),human rhinovirus(HRV),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),human adenovirus(HAdV) and human cytomegalovirus(HCMV),and statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 23.0 software.Results VZV and DENV were not detected in the 106 collected specimens,and the other 7viruses were detected.30.18% of the measles cases were co-infected with other viruses,of which only HCMV co-infection cases showed significant difference in the age groups(≤24 months old,24 months old to 15 years old,> 15 years old)(χ~2=9.941,P <0.05);there was no significant difference between the genders in cases co-infected with other viruses(χ~2=0.200—2.778,each P> 0.05).Conclusion Some confirmed cases of measles might be co-infected with one or more other viruses in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022,and it is recommended to strengthen targeted surveillance and differential diagnosis,especially for infants and young children,women of childbearing age and pregnant women.

Objective: To investigate the situation of social support (SS), and explore its relationship with antenatal depression (AD) among Zhejiang primiparas in their third trimesters. Methods: From March to August 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted and the questionnaire was used at the outpatient consulting room of one maternity hospital in Hangzhou. Inclusion criteria includes the primiparas over 18 years old, gestation from 30 to 36 weeks, been able to understand and complete the questionnaires independently, no family history and history of mental disorders and no use of psychotropic drugs, without serious illness and so on. Exclusion criteria was that the primiparas were unable to complete all the contents of the questionnaire and of poor compliance. 1 150 questionnaires were actually given out, and 1 075 questionnaires were valid, so the valid rate was 93.48%. AD was evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and SS was evaluated by the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). SS between the non-AD group and the AD group was compared. The correlation between SS and AD was analyzed. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between SS and AD. The level of SS was divided by average scores, groups lower than the average score was defined as the low-score group, groups higher than the average score was defined as the high-score group. Results: The prevalence of AD (score≥9) was 27.3% (293/1 075) among Zhejiang primiparas in their third trimesters. The scores of family support, friend support and other support, and the total score of SS among the non-AD group were 24.80±2.83, 23.40±3.00, 21.91±3.54 and 70.11±7.92, respectively, which were higher than those in the AD group (22.71±3.88, 21.45±3.59, 19.95±3.97, 64.10±10.01), (t values were 8.43, 8.29, 7.83 and 9.25, respectively, P<0.001 for all). The scores of family support, friend support and other support, and the total score of SS were negatively correlated with AD (rs values were-0.26,-0.25,-0.22 and-0.28, respectively, P<0.001 for all). Compared with low-score group, the scores of family support, friend support and other support, and the total score of SS among the high-score group had a lower risk of antenata depression among primiparas in their third trimesters, OR(95%CI) values were 0.56 (0.41-0.77), 0.66(0.47-0.92), 0.57(0.41-0.79) and 0.36(0.27-0.48), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of AD among Zhejiang primiparas was relatively high, and AD was negatively associated with SS level. We suggest adding SS in community pregnancy health management service in the future.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genomic characteristics of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) strains circulating in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid from 78 sporadic cases with VZV infection were collected in Jilin province from 2010 to 2023, after detecting by Real-time PCR, 26 specimens (CT<25) were detected by PCR. Open reading frame 22(ORF22), ORF38 and ORF62 were amplified and analyzed. Genotyping was confirmed by SNPs ORF22 (37902, 38019, 38055, 38081 and 38177) and ORF38 (69424). Vaccine strains were indentified from wild-type strains according to ORF38 (69349) and ORF62 (106262, 107252, and 108111). Sequences were analyzed by homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis.Results:The comparison with Dumas sequence revealed that SNPs (37902, 38055, 38081 and 38177) in ORF22 and ORF38 (69424) have mutations similar to the pOka strain, which belong to clade 2. Compared to the Dumas and Baike strains, all 26 samples were wild-type strains. JL2016-4 strain changes from threonine to asparaginyl at position 38059, JL2021-4 strain changes from arginine to proline at position 37933, from aspartic acid to tyrosine at position 37935, and from aspartic acid at base 38031 to tyrosine. JL2023-1 strain changes from arginine to leucine at position 37933.Conclusions:VZV has been prevalent for 14 years in Jilin province. The main epidemic strains belong to the clade 2. We should strengthen the monitoring of VZV outbreaks and raise the coverage rate of VZV vaccination.